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NCERT Book for Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules
Class 9 Science students should refer to the following NCERT Book Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules in Class 9. This NCERT Book for Class 9 Science will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks
Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules NCERT Book Class 9
ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Ancient Indian and Greek philosophers have always wondered about the unknown and unseen form of matter. The idea of divisibility of matter was considered long back in India, around 500 BC. An Indian philosopher Maharishi Kanad, postulated that if we go on dividing matter (padarth), we shall get smaller and smaller particles. Ultimately, a time will come when we shall come across the smallest particles beyond which further division will not be possible. He named these particles Parmanu. Another Indian philosopher, Pakudha Katyayama, elaborated this doctrine and said that these particles normally exist in a combined form which gives us various forms of matter.
Around the same era, ancient Greek philosophers – Democritus and Leucippus suggested that if we go on dividing matter, a stage will come when particles obtained cannot be divided further. Democritus called these indivisible particles atoms (meaning indivisible). All this was based on philosophical considerations and not much experimental work to validate these ideas could be done till the eighteenth century.
By the end of the eighteenth century, scientists recognised the difference between elements and compounds and naturally became interested in finding out how and why elements combine and what happens when they combine. Antoine L. Lavoisier laid the foundation of chemical sciences by establishing two important laws of chemical combination.
3.1 Laws of Chemical Combination
The following two laws of chemical combination were established after much experimentations by Lavoisier and Joseph L. Proust.
3.1.1 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
Is there a change in mass when a chemical change (chemical reaction) takes place? Law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
3.1.2 LAW OF CONSTANT PROPORTIONS
Lavoisier, along with other scientists, noted that many compounds were composed of two or more elements and each such compound had the same elements in the same proportions, irrespective of where the compound came from or who prepared it. In a compound such as water, the ratio of the mass of hydrogen to the mass of oxygen is always 1:8, whatever the source of water. Thus, if 9 g of water is decomposed, 1 g of hydrogen and 8 g of oxygen are always obtained. Similarly in ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen are always present in the ratio 14:3 by mass, whatever the method or the source from which it is obtained.
This led to the law of constant proportions which is also known as the law of definite proportions. This law was stated by Proust as “In a chemical substance the elements are always present in definite proportions by mass”.
The next problem faced by scientists was to give appropriate explanations of these laws. British chemist John Dalton provided the basic theory about the nature of matter. Dalton picked up the idea of divisibility of matter, which was till then just a philosophy. He took the name ‘atoms’ as given by the Greeks and said that the smallest particles of matter are atoms. His theory was based on the laws of chemical combination. Dalton’s atomic theory provided an explanation for the law of conservation of mass and the law of definite proportions.
Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 9 Science Atoms And Molecules
NCERT Class 9 Science Matter In Our Surroundings |
NCERT Class 9 Science Matter In Our Surroundings Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Is Matter Around Us Pure |
NCERT Class 9 Science Is Matter Around Us Pure Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Atoms And Molecules |
NCERT Class 9 Science Atoms And Molecules Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Structure Of The Atom |
NCERT Class 9 Science Structure Of The Atom Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit Of Life |
NCERT Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit Of Life Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Tissues |
NCERT Class 9 Science Tissues Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Diversity In Living Organisms |
NCERT Class 9 Science Diversity In Living Organisms Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Motion |
NCERT Class 9 Science Motion Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Force And Laws Of Motion |
NCERT Class 9 Science Force And Laws Of Motion Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Gravitation |
NCERT Class 9 Science Gravitation Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Work And Energy |
NCERT Class 9 Science Work And Energy Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Sound |
NCERT Class 9 Science Sound Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Why Do We Fall Ill |
NCERT Class 9 Science Why Do We Fall Ill Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Natural Resources |
NCERT Class 9 Science Natural Resources Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Improvement In Food Resources |
NCERT Class 9 Science Improvement In Food Resources Questions |
NCERT Class 9 Science Solutions and Answers |
Science NCERT Book Class 9 Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules
The above NCERT Books for Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules have been published by NCERT for latest academic session. The textbook by NCERT for Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules Science Class 9 is being used by various schools and almost all education boards in India. Teachers have always recommended students to refer to Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules NCERT etextbooks as the exams for Class 9 Science are always asked as per the syllabus defined in these ebooks. These Class 9 Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules book for Science also includes collection of question. We have also provided NCERT solutions for Class 9 Science which have been developed by teachers of StudiesToday.com after thorough review of the latest book and based on pattern of questions in upcoming exams for Class 9 students.
NCERT Book Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules
The latest NCERT book for Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules pdf have been published by NCERT based on the latest research done for each topic which has to be taught to students in all classes. The books for Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules are designed to enhance the overall understanding of students. All Class 9 NCERT textbooks have been written in an easy to understand language which will help to enhance the overall level of Class 9 students.
Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules NCERT Book Class 9 Science
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Class 9 Science Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules NCERT Book
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Class 9 Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules NCERT Book Science
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