CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Science and Hypothesis

Read and download CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Science and Hypothesis in NCERT book for Class 11 Other Subjects. You can download latest NCERT eBooks chapter wise in PDF format free from Studiestoday.com. This Other Subjects textbook for Class 11 is designed by NCERT and is very useful for students. Please also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Other Subjects to understand the answers of the exercise questions given at the end of this chapter

NCERT Book for Class 11 Other Subjects Science And Hypothesis

Class 11 Other Subjects students should refer to the following NCERT Book Science And Hypothesis in Class 11. This NCERT Book for Class 11 Other Subjects will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Science And Hypothesis NCERT Book Class 11

Science and Hypothesis

Why Hypothesis?

All men, unlike animals, are born with a capacity "to reflect". This intellectual curiosity amongst others, takes a standard form such as "Why so-and-so is such-and-such?". While answering such queries men proceed from ignorance to the path of knowledge, from incomplete to complete knowledge. In the course of this journey 'to know', various hypotheses are formulated or rejected depending upon the accompanying circumstances. A hypothesis is a form of development of knowledge. Hypotheses are advanced to substantiate various assumptions to explain some phenomenon and its connection with other phenomena. Their importance in the growth and development of natural sciences can by no means be underestimated. Nature is a big mystery governed by its own rules but it is man who discovers these rules and formulates laws and theories. Apple always falls on the ground but it was Newton who found the rationale in the form of Gravitational power of earth.

What is a Hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible explanation for some phenomenon or event. Hypothesis is an educated guess. The term educated is highlighted because no good hypothesis can be developed without research into the problem. The need for a hypothesis arises when some novelty or abnormality is observed in some phenomenon which can neither be understood nor explained through prior established laws. To understand such inconsistencies, some tentative statements are formed on the basis of observation and put to exhaustive scientific investigations. These investigations are necessary in order to assess the testability and accuracy of hypothesis. Since a hypothesis is a possible solution, initially its truth is as questionable as its falsity. It may turn out to be true or it may turn out to be false. For example, when I reach home, see the main door opened ajar and the door lock broken, all household things scattered all over the place, seeing this and other accompanying circumstances, I start making conjectures leading to the conclusion that a burglary is the most possible happening. These conjectures are called hypotheses, and the reasoning used to produce them is called hypothetical reasoning. The hypotheses make up for the lack of direct observation in producing the needed explanation. A useful hypothesis is a testable statement which may include a prediction. A hypothesis is not identical with a theory. A theory is a general explanation based on a large amount of data and underlying assumptions. In contrast, a hypothesis is more specific than a theory.

Types of Hypotheses

Depending upon the level of generality, scientific hypotheses may be divided into general, particular and individual.

A general hypothesis is a scientifically substantiated assumption about the causes, laws and rules governing natural phenomena. For example, there is 'Democritus hypothesis' about the atomic structure of substance which subsequently became a scientific theory.

A particular hypothesis is a scientifically substantiated assumption about the causes, origin, regularities and irregularities of a part of objects singled out from a class of objects belonging to Nature. In other words, they are devised to reveal the reasons for the emergence of irregularities in a subset of the given set. For example, while trying to find some remedy for cancer, several particular hypotheses are advanced about the causes of viruses of malignant tumours.

An individual hypothesis is a scientifically substantiated assumption about the causes, origins, regularities and irregularities of individual facts, concrete events or phenomena. For example, a doctor while diagnosing constructs individual hypotheses in the course of treating an individual patient. After detecting the ailment, he not only selects drugs but also their dosage individually.

Stages of constructing a Hypothesis

S1. Identification of some unexpected novel happening in a group of facts which is not covered by prior established laws, and thus is required to be explained by observation, collection, and relevant classification of empirical data by forming a new hypothesis.

S2. Formation of the hypothesis (or hypotheses), i.e., assumptions which would explain the regularities or irregularities in question.

S3. Derivations of all relevant consequences from the hypothesis in question which will further qualify it for verification.

S4. Comparison of all the logical consequences drawn from the hypothesis with the existing observations and established laws of science is a step ahead in its acceptance.

S5. Transformation of the hypothesis as a part of scientific theory if all consequences of the hypothesis are corroborated without any inconsistency.

Conditions of a Good Hypothesis

Every hypothesis is either good or a false one. A hypothesis is good if it finds a secure place in science. In order to be a good or sound hypothesis it must satisfy the following five conditions. These five conditions commonly set the criterion for judging the worth or acceptability of any hypothesis.

 

Please refer to the link below - CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Science and Hypothesis

CBSE Class 11 Categories of Reference Sources Description and Scope
CBSE Class 11 Computer Hardware used in Library Concepts
CBSE Class 11 Disaster Management Introduction
CBSE Class 11 Disaster Management Natural Hazards
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Circles Semi Circles
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Development of Surfaces
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Isometric Projection
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Lines Angles
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Orthographic Projection
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Orthographic Projections
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Sections Of Solids
CBSE Class 11 Engineering Graphics Special Curves
CBSE Class 11 Fashion Studies books
CBSE Class 11 Fashion Studies Elements of Design
CBSE Class 11 Fashion Studies Elements of Garment Making
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets Commodities Market
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets Financial Statement Analysis
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets and Instruments
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets Primary market
CBSE Class 11 Financial Markets Secondary Market
CBSE Class 11 Five Laws of Library Science
CBSE Class 11 Library Automation Software Main Features
CBSE Class 11 Library Information and Society
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Buddhist Formal Logic
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Categorical Syllogism
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Elements of Symbolic Logic
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Methods of Natural and Social Sciences
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Mills Methods
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Nyaya Theory
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Observation and Experiment
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Other Forms of Immediate
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Science and Hypothesis
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Square of Opposition
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Terms
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy Terms and Propositions
CBSE Class 11 Philosophy The Nature and Subject matter
CBSE Class 11 Punjabi Textbook
CBSE Class 11 Reference and Information Sources
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit Book Ritika
CBSE Class 11 Setting up and Running a School Library
CBSE Class 11 Theory of Cataloguing
CBSE Class 11 Theory of Classification
CBSE Class 11 Types of Libraries and their Role
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Development of Script
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Elements And Principles of Graphic Design
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Evolution in Reprography
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Glossary
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Indigenous Graphic Design And Culture
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Indigenous Graphic Design Practices
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Intoduction to Graphic Design
NCERT Class 11 Graphic Design Movable Metal Type to Digital Imaging
NCERT Class 11 Graphic DesignGraphic Art Design And Graphic Design
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Clay
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Crafts Heritage
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Jewellery
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Metal
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Natural Fibers
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Painting
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Paper Crafts
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Stone
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Textiles
NCERT Class 11 Heritage Crafts Theatre Crafts

Other Subjects NCERT Book Class 11 Science And Hypothesis

The above NCERT Books for Class 11 Other Subjects Science And Hypothesis have been published by NCERT for latest academic session. The textbook by NCERT for Science And Hypothesis Other Subjects Class 11 is being used by various schools and almost all education boards in India. Teachers have always recommended students to refer to Science And Hypothesis NCERT etextbooks as the exams for Class 11 Other Subjects are always asked as per the syllabus defined in these ebooks. These Class 11 Science And Hypothesis book for Other Subjects also includes collection of question. We have also provided NCERT solutions for Class 11 Other Subjects which have been developed by teachers of StudiesToday.com after thorough review of the latest book and based on pattern of questions in upcoming exams for Class 11 students.

NCERT Book Class 11 Other Subjects Science And Hypothesis

The latest NCERT book for Science And Hypothesis pdf have been published by NCERT based on the latest research done for each topic which has to be taught to students in all classes. The books for Class 11 Other Subjects Science And Hypothesis are designed to enhance the overall understanding of students. All Class 11 NCERT textbooks have been written in an easy to understand language which will help to enhance the overall level of Class 11 students. 

Science And Hypothesis NCERT Book Class 11 Other Subjects

As the students of Class 11 need the books for their regular studies, we have provided all NCERT book for Science And Hypothesis in pdf here for free download. All pdf NCERT books available here for Class 11 will help them to read on their mobile or computers. They can take a print of the Class 11 Other Subjects NCERT Book Science And Hypothesis pdf easily and use them for studies. The NCERT textbooks for Class 11 Other Subjects have been provided chapter-wise and can be downloaded for free of cost. 

Class 11 Other Subjects Science And Hypothesis NCERT Book

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Class 11 Science And Hypothesis NCERT Book Other Subjects

For Class 11 Science And Hypothesis we have provided books for students who have opted for Hindi and Urdu medium too. You can click on the links provided above to download all Hindi medium Class 11 Other Subjects Science And Hypothesis book in easy to read pdf format. These books will help Class 11 Other Subjects students to understand all topics and also strictly follow latest syllabus for their studies. If you are looking to download the pdf version of Class 11 Other Subjects Science And Hypothesis textbook issued by NCERT then you have come to the correct website

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