CBSE Class 10 Science Economic Importance Of Animals Notes

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ANIMALS

APLCUTURE :

The rearing of honey bee is called apiculture.

(A) Apciutrue has Dual Advantage :

1. Honey bees are the helpful insects for pollination of flowers.
2. In addition to his there is additional income in the form of honey and beewax.

(b) Honey Bee – A Social insect :

1. Honey bee is a member of roder – Apoidae of class Insecta belonging to phyclum Arthorpoda
2. The four species of honey bee are Apis florea, Apise dorsata (A. dorsata), Apis indica (A. indica) and Apis melliphora (A. mellipohra).
3. Apis melliphora is mainly used for apiculture because the larger beehives are provided with large quantity of honeybees. Therefore large quantity of homey is obtained from one beehive.

(c) Honey Bee Shows Variations in structure and Function.

1. There types of honey bees are there in one beehive – worder, drone (males) and queen.
2. Drones (males) can be differentiated from workers because of the big eyes and queen because of their long abdomen.
3. In one hive there can be thousands of workers, a faw drones (males) and one queen honey bee. The queen bee dominates of over the complete hive.
4. Under the influence of queen bee, the worker bees remain in the hive and perform different function. The queen controls or rules the hive by secreting secreting scented material.

(d) Rearign of Beass :

1. Closed, box shaped, artificial beehivers are used for apiculture.
2. The artificial hives are provided with large broad chamber and metallic or plastic plates lined with wax.
3. These plates provide a base for the formation of hive. The closed boxes bear many pores through which the worker – bees can come in and out .
4. The queen bee always remains inside the hive. The drones (male) go for one nuptial fight with the queen been and provide bee and provide sperms to the queen which are sufficient for complete life span.
5. After this drones have on utility to the hive. Ether the drones die on their own or they are expelled out of the hive, so that, so that they are forced to die
6. The artificial beehives are put in such places where nectar – Bering flowers are in proximity.
7. The flowering time of the crop is suitable from the point of view of apiculture.
8. The queen bee lays two types of eggs. The fertilized eggs can develop in to worker bees and queen bees while the unfertile eggs gives rise to drones. This process is know as parthenogenesis
9. Development of worker or queen from the fertilized eggs depends upon the difference in their nutrition.
10. The larvae which are fed on royal jelly continuously have the capability of developing into queen bee.But usually there is only one queen in one bee hive.
11. The first developed queen lills the rest of the developing queens. The previous queen leaves the hive and goes elsewhere
12. The worker bess collect nectar from the flowers but it is not possible to store it as such.
13. The bees concentrals it and convert it into honey and then store it in to the cells of hive
14. After the accumulation of honey the plates of the hive are removed. Honey and extra bee wax is separated from the plates.

(e) Components of Honey :

1. Honey contains glucose, fructose, sucrose, sugars, mineral salts, a few other substances and water.
2. Levulose is the main sugar of honey.
3. Honey is used as a nutritive substance and in the form of medicine.
4. The wax obtained from beehive is called Bee Wax. This wax is used in sculpturing and manufacturing of creams, floor polish, boot polish and medicines

(f) Defending System in Honey bees :

1. The worker bees have a poisonous sting which they use for defending themselves from the enemies. It is also used against human being.
2. If Apis dorsate bees collectively attack on a person and sting him at many places in the body it can lead to his death.

SERICUL TURE :

The are of rearing silk worms obtaining silk from them and weaving cloth from it was first learnt by the

Chinese.

(a) Life cycle of Silk Worm :  

Bombyx mori Which live on mulberry leaves is the main species to get worm many verieties  of this insects have been developed by selective breeding.  

1. The adult silkworm is about 2.5 long and dirty cream in in colour. The female is incapable of flying because of its heavy body and weak wings.
2. The have an internal fertilization and start laying eggs immediately after fertilization
3. The female lays about 400 – 450 eggs. The number of eggs depends upon the nutrition obtained during caterpillar stage.
4. The eggs are laid on the upper surface of mulberry leaves. The eggs stick to the surface of the leaves because of secretion of a gelatinous substance by the female. Initially the eggs are white but they go on becoming darker each day.
5. After 10 days of incubation period, the caterpillar larva hatches out of the egg. It is very small and soft. It feeds on mulberry leaves and gradually developed into the fifth instar larva stage which is 7.5 cm. long.
6. silk gland develops in it. Now it stops feeding and starts undergoing pupation.
7. The silk gland secretes a illiquid substance which converts into silk thread on coming in to contact with air. This thread goes on winding or surrounding the body of the larva and forms a cocoon.
8. Each cocoon has 1000 to 1200 meter long thread. The cocoon stage is of 10 to 12 days. After this the adult emerged out of the cocoon by cutting the thread.

(b)Producing Silk :

1. The emergence of adult makes the silk present in the cocoon unusable. There fore, the cocoon is killed before the adult emerged.
2. 8 – 10 days old cocoons are selected and put in hot water to kill the pupa with in.
3. Now the thread is wrapped on a big wheel form the cocoon by rolling method. This is called as Raw silk.

(c) Condition Required for Sericulture :

1. For sericulture industry it is necessary to have mulberry gardens.
2. These insects produce silk only by feeding on mulberry leaves.

FISH CULTURE: [ALSO CALLED AS FISH CULTURE]

1. Softwater includes many native varieties some of them are Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labero rohita), Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) tec.
2. Many foreign varieties of fishes like common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are also being produced.
3. Gambusisa fish is used to kill the larva of mosquito.

(a) Suitable habitat for Fish culture :

1. The land with clay soil is considered good for construction of a pond.
2. Now a days, the temperature, light, water flow, dissolved oxygen in the pond etc. are regulated in such a manner that maximum production of fish is obtained.

(b) Fish Food (Fish meat) :

1. The natural food of fishes is microscopic aquatic plants and other microscopic organisms.
2. They are also given husk rice, pieces of grain, barn of wheat, soybean, yeast and almond cake etc. as food.

Production of Fish :

1. the “seeds of fish” are collected with the help of net form specific breeding sites of rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra etc.
2. The “seeds” are transferred to ditches for egg production.
3. The small fishes hatched form eggs are called fries. They are reared in nursery ponds in a short duration these fries grow and developed into fingerlings.
4. These fingerlings are collected in large containers and transferred into raring ponds,
5. Sufficient care is taken that fingerlings do not die on the way and the infective bacteria of fingerlings do not rach the pond, so fingerlings are treated with antibacterial substances like methyl blue, copper sulphate, potassium permanganate, formalin, or salt solution.

(d) Collection of Fish from Pond :

1. Various types of nets are used for collecting fishes form the ponds according to the need.
2. Sometimes electric current is also used for catching fishes.

(e) Preservation of fish :

They are kept in ice for preservation.

(f) Other Products of Fish Industry :

• Fishes are mainly used in the form of food material. But many other types of commercial products are also obtained along with fish production.
• Many types of vitamin zed. – oils, proteins, fats, fins, skin, and scales are also obtained form fishes.

POULTRY :

1. Ducks and few other birds are also reared for meat and eggs.
2. In addition to eggs and meat, poultry also provides other by-products like feathers, manure, etc.
3. The main objective of poultry in india is obtaining eggs. Poultry business fulfils the larger section of protein requirement in the form of eggs and meat in the country.

(a) Quality Breeds of Poultry :

1. There are many varieties of Indian origin, among these are Red wild cock, Aaseel, Chatgaon, Ghagas, Bustra etc. are reared from the point of view of obtaining meat.
2. Some foreign (exotic) breeds can also be easily rared. Some main varieties are Rhode Island Red, Brahma, Langshan, Cornish, Plymoth roch, White leghorn etc.
3. In comparison to domestic varieties foreign breeds are preferred because they give more eggs and meat in a short time.
4. White Leghorn is considered to be the most popular variety for producing eggs in dry areas.
5. For meat purpose Cornish, New Hampshire and Plymoth Rock are given more importance.
6. For fulfilling both aims hybrid varieties are produced by hybridization.

(b) Housing and Feed :

The poultry feed includes maize, barley, groundnut cake, wheat bran and rice husk, jawar, fish powder, pebbles containing calcium, salts etc.

(c) Protection from diseases :

1. Ranikhet is the main diseases of poultry. It is a viral disease which can develop in hens of all age groups. The birds become very weak within two to three days.
2. It has a high mortality rate.
3. Poultry birds can also suffer from other diseases like chicken pox, cholera etc.

(d) Products of Poultry :

1. Eggs are the main products of poultry. It is the main source of easily digestible animal protein.
2. Eggs contain riboflavin, phosphorous and iron also. Fertilized eggs get spoiled earlier in comparison to unfertilized eggs.
3. For meat purposed living birds or dead birds are sold in market after being cleaned. Chicken meat is stored at – 9⁰C.
4. The faecal matter obtained form poultry farm is sold as manure.
5. The feathers are cleaned and sold. They are used in pillows and quilts.
6. Broilers are chickens which are specially used for meat.

ANIMAL HUSBANDARY :

 The science of rearing, feeding, caring, breeding and disease control is called as animal husbandry.

(a) Main elements of Animal Husbandry are :

1. Proper feeding of animals.
2. Providing fresh water and good shelter to animals.
3. Proper health and protection against diseases.
4. Proper breeding of animals.

(b) Need of Animal Husbandry :

1. To ensure proper nutrition to our growing population  there is an urgent need of increasing food production. To achieve this goal, biological principals as applied to animal husbandry and plant breeding have an important role to play.

(c) Advantages of animal Husbandry :

1. Increased milk production through cattle farming.
2. Increased production of eggs through poultry farming.
3. Improvement of quality of meat through fish farming.
4. Proper utilization of animal wastes.
5. To produce more honey and bee waxes through bee keeping.

CATTLE BASED INDUSTRY :

1. Cattle raring is a complementary business of agriculture.
2. Inspire of cattle rearing it provides employment to a large apart of world’s population.
3. Animal husbandry or cattle rearing includes raring of cows, bullocks camels, goats, sheep, horses etc. and obtaining milk, meat, leather, dung used for agriculture and entertainment.

(i) Dairy animals :

1. Cows, buffaloes and goals are the three types of animals used for milk production or dairy.
2. About 50 established verities of cows are domesticated and reared in India. Among these, Sahiwal, sindh, Gir, Devall, Haryan etc. are domaestic breeds while Jersy, redden, Halstein etc. are some important foreign (exotic) breeds.
3. The good established breed of buffaloes are few, out fwhich Murrah, Jafaravadi, surti etc, are main.
4. In some regions goats are also reared for compensating the shortage of milk.
5. Jamanapari, barbari and Sirohi are some important good breeds of goats.

(ii) Cattle health :

1. It is essential of animals (cattles) to remain healthy. The milk production decreases when the animals(cattles ) are no healthy.
2. Cattle food should contain roughage and concentrate.
3. The cattles can be attacked by many viral, bacterial, fungal and insect borne diseases.
4. The cattles can be made disease free by their timely vaccination.
5. When suffering form disease the cattle should be isolated and treated separately. The cattles can also be kept free form diseases by cleaning them and their houses.

The main disease of the cattle, their vaccines and their vaccination times are as follow

(iii) Milk and milk products :

1. Because f being highly nutritious milk gets spoiled very soon because offset growth of bacteria in it.
2. But because of Pasteurization and many methods of cold storage, it has become possible to store milk for a few days. That is why dairy business is growing very fast.
3. Milk is also sold by converting it into curd, cream, butter, ghee, condensed milk & milk powder.

WOOD INDUSTRY :

1. Wool is obtained from the hair or sheep.
2. Maagra and Chaukla are improved varieties of sheep in Bikaner region.
3. The colour of the wool depends upon the species of sheep and the climate of the region. Wool is a bad conductor of heat and and burns easily.
4. After removing or cutting the wool it is washed, dried, decolourized and dyed by a complex process.
5. After this it is used in many different ways.
6. The faecal matter of sheep is considered to be a good manure