Download CBSE Class 10 Science How Do Organisms Reproduce Notes Set B in PDF format. All Revision notes for Class 10 Science have been designed as per the latest syllabus and updated chapters given in your textbook for Science in Class 10. Our teachers have designed these concept notes for the benefit of Class 10 students. You should use these chapter wise notes for revision on daily basis. These study notes can also be used for learning each chapter and its important and difficult topics or revision just before your exams to help you get better scores in upcoming examinations, You can also use Printable notes for Class 10 Science for faster revision of difficult topics and get higher rank. After reading these notes also refer to MCQ questions for Class 10 Science given on studiestoday
Revision Notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
Class 10 Science students should refer to the following concepts and notes for Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? in Class 10. These exam notes for Class 10 Science will be very useful for upcoming class tests and examinations and help you to score good marks
Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? Notes Class 10 Science
How do Organisms Reproduce
Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new individuals similar to themselves.
- Reproduction ensured continuity of life on earth.
- Reproduction - A bridge to hereditary transmission.
- It involves continuation of characters from the parents to daughter cells by Copying of DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) molecules present in the chromosomes of the cell.
- Copying of DNAs is also not a foolproof exercise, even minute changes bring about Variation in the blue print of the offsprings.
- The useful variations are retained while the harmful one does not go beyond.
- Actually variations help the species to withstand drastic environmental changes, thus save the species from becoming extinct and promotes its survival for a longer time.
- This inbuilt tendency of variation is the "fuel" for Evolution.
– Asexual Reproduction is extremely useful as a mean of rapid multiplication.
It is common in lower plants and animals.
– Different form of Asexual Reproduction.
1. FISSION : the parent cell divides/splits into two daughter cell-Binary Fission; splits into many cells-multiple Fission
2. BUDDING : A new organism is produced as an outgrowth of the parent body part.
3. Spore Formation : Spores are small, bulb like structure develops at the top of the erect hyphae of the fungus plant, released into the air and ge rminate , into new individuals after landing into food or soil.
4. FRAGMENTATION : It is the accidental process when the broken pieces of an organism (fragments) grows into a complete organism.
5. REGENERATION : When the simple animals like Hydra Planaria develop a new individual from their broken older part it is known as regeneration. It is carried out by specialised cells which grow large numbers of cells.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION :
A mode of reproduction in which part like the stem, root, leaves develop into new plant under favourable conditions.
Benefits
1. Plants can bear flowers, fruits earlier than those produced from seeds.
2. Growing Banana, orange, rose, jasmine that have lost the capacity to produce seeds.
3. Genetical similarity is maintained in the plants.
eg. Sugarcane, rose, grapes by layering or grafting.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
When reproduction takes place as a result of fusion between two gamets, one from each parent, it is called sexual reproduction.
– This process of fusion between two gamets is called fertilization.
– The formation of gamets involves exchange of chromosomal (genetic) fragments between homologous chromosomes causing genetic recombination which leads to variation.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
It occurs mostly in flowering plants. In fact flowers are the reproductive organ of plants.
A typical flower consists of four main whorls namely calyx (sepals), Corolla (Petals), Androecium (Stamens) and Gynoecium (Carpels).
– Pollen grains of a flower transfer to stigma of the carpel of the same flower (Self-Pollination) or to the carpel of the another flower (Cross-Pollination).
– This transfer of pollens is achieved by agent like wind, water or animals.
– After Pollination, the pollen grains reach to the egg cell in the form of a pollen tube.
– Fertilization : The fusion between the pollen grain and female egg cell. It occurs inside the ovary. Zygote is produced in this process.
– Zygote divides several times to form an embryo within the ovule. The ovule develops a tough coat and is converted into a seed.
– Ovary grows rapidly and ripens to forms a fruit, while the seed contains the future plant or embryo which develops into a seedling under suitable condition. This process is known as Germination.
REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN BEINGS
– Humans use a Sexual Mode of reproduction.
– It needs sexual maturation which includes creation of the germ cells ie, egg (ova) in the female and sperm in the male partener & this period of sexual maturation is called Puberty.
– Human beings have a well developed male and female reproductive system.
– The formation of male germ cell (sperms) takes place in the testes (male reproducture organ)
– Actually a pair of testes are located inside scrotum situated outside the abdominal cavity. It is meant to keep relatively a low temperature needed for the production of sperms by testes.
– Moreover testes release a male sex hormone called testosterone whose function is to:
1. Regulate the production of sperm
2. Brings about changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty.
– The sperms along with the secretion of prostate gland and seminal vesicle, together constitute semen, which is released and made to enter into the female genital tract during Copulation.
♦ The female germ cells or eggs are made in the ovaries, a pair of which is located in both side of abdomen.
♦ When a girl is born, the ovaries already contain thousands of immature eggs.
♦ At the puberty, some of these Eggs start maturing. One egg is produced every month by one of the ovaries.
♦ The Egg is carried from the ovary to the womb through a fallopian tube. These two fallopian tube unite into an elastic bag like structure known as Uterus.
♦ The Uterus opens into the vagina through the cervix.
♦ Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube of female genital tract.
?The fertilized egg also called zygote (2n) gets implanted in the lining of the Uterus, and start dividing. Actually uterus is richly supplied with blood to nourish the growing embryo. If zygote is not formed, the inner wall of uterus breaks which causes bleeding through vagina. This process is called MENSTRUATION. It occurs at a regular interval of 28 days.
♦ The Embroyo gets nutrition fromthe mother's blood with the help of a special tissue called PLACENTA. It provides a large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass from the mother to the embryo. Similarly the wastes from developing embryo are removed to mother's blood through placenta.
♦ The child is born as a result of rhythmic contractions of the muscles in the uterus. after Nine months (36 weeks) of development inside mother's womb.
It is also called Gestation Period.
The sexual cycle in a woman continues upto the age of 45 to 50 years. After that the ovary do not release egg. This stage is called Menopause. It a also marks the end of menstruation in the woman.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
♦ Reproductive Health means a total well-being in all aspects of reproductive, ie., physical emotional, social and behavioural.
♦ Contraception : It is the avoidance of pregnancy. It can be achieved by
Multiple Choice Questions
Question. The embryo sac of a typical dicot at the time of fertilization is -
(A) 8 celled
(B) 7 celled
(C) 6 celled
(D) 5 celled
Answer : B
Question. In the list of organisms given below, those that reproduce by the asexual method are
(i) banana (ii) dog (iii) yeast (iv) amoeba
(a) (ii) and (iv)
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Answer : B
Question. The essential organs in a flower are
(A) the sepal and stamen
(B) the petal and pistil
(C) the stamen and pistil
(D) the sepal and petal
Answer : C
Question. Double fertilization is characteristic of
(A) angiosperms
(B) algae
(C) gymnosperms
(D) bryophytes
Answer : A
Question. Emasculation is achieved by
(A) removal of stigma
(B) removal of anthers
(C) removal of sepal & petals
(D) removal of gynoecium
Answer : B
Question. Geitonogamy is transfer of pollen from anther to the stigma of
(A) Same flower
(B) Same or different flower of the same plant
(C) Same or genetically similar flower of the same or other plant
(D) Different flowers of the same plant
Answer : D
Question. Which one of the following cells provide nutrition to the sperm ?
(A) Leydig cells
(B) Granulosa cells
(C) Primary germ cells
(D) Sertoli cells
Answer : D
Question. Parts that show chemotropic movement, fertilization & triple fusion are respectively –
(A) 2, 3, 4
(B) 1, 2, 3
(C) 3, 4, 5
(D) 2, 4, 3
Answer : D
Question. Implantation of the zygote takes place at which of the following embryonic stage ?
(A) Gastrula
(B) Morula
(C) Blastula
(D) Single-celled
Answer : C
Question. Offspring formed by asexual method of reproduction have greater similarity among themselves because
(i) asexual reproduction involves only one parent
(ii) asexual reproduction does not involve gametes
(iii) asexual reproduction occurs before sexual reproduction
(iv) asexual reproduction occurs after sexual reproduction
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer : A
Question. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events of sexual reproduction in a flower?
(a) pollination, fertilisation, seedling, embryo
(b) seedling, embryo, fertilisation, pollination
(c) pollination, fertilisation, embryo, seedling
(d) embryo, seedling, pollination, fertilisation
Answer : C
Question. After ovulation Graffian follicle regresses into
(A) corpus atresia
(B) corpus callosum
(C) corpus luteum
(D) corpus albicans
Answer : C
Question. Which one of the following hormones stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete a hormone?
(A) FSH
(B) LH
(C) Oestrogen
(D) Progesterone
Answer : B
Question. The correct sequence of spermatogenetic stages leading to the formation of sperms in a mature human testes is
(A) spermatogonia-spermatocyte-spermatid -sperms
(B) spermatid- spermatocyte - spermatogonia - sperms
(C) spermatogonia - spermatid - spermatocyte - sperms
(D) spermatocyte - spermatogonia - spermatid – sperms
Answer : A
Question. In a flower, the parts that produce male and female gametes (germ cells) are
(a) stamen and anther
(b) filament and stigma
(c) anther and ovary
(d) stamen and style
Answer : C
Question. The main function of the fimbriae of the Fallopian tube in females is to
(A) release ovum from the Graafian follicle
(B) make necessary changes in the endometrium for implantation
(C) help in the development of corpus luteum
(D) help in the collection of the ovum after ovulation
Answer : D
Question. The study of formation, growth and development of a new individual from an egg is known as -
(A) cytology
(B) embryology
(C) histology
(D) genetics
Answer : B
Fill in the blanks.
Question. The embedding of embryo in the wall of the uterus is called ...... .
Answer : implantation
Question. After ...... the zygote divides several times to form an ...... within the ovule.
Answer : fertilization, embryo
Question. The ovule gradually develops into a ...... .
Answer : seed
Question. The period during ...... is called puberty.
Answer : adolescence
Question. During sexual reproduction ...... from two individuals fuse.
Answer : germ cells
Question. The ...... forms a common passage for both the sperms and urine.
Answer : urethra
Question. Plants raised by ...... can bear flowers and fruit earlier than those produced from seeds.
Answer : vegetative propagation
Question. The development of the child inside the mother’s body takes approximately ...... .
Answer : nine months
Question. Hydra reproduce commonly by ...... .
Answer : budding
Question. ...... is the result of non-fertilization of egg.
Answer : Menstruation
Question. Sperms travel upwards and reach the ...... where they may fuse with the egg.
Answer : oviduct
Question. Gonorrhoea is caused by ...... .
Answer : bacteria
Question. The ...... prepares itself every month to receive and nurture the growing child.
Answer : uterus
Write Yes/No.
Question. Is multiple fission common in Plasmodium?
Answer : Yes
Question. Can stamens and petals be called reproductive parts of a flower?
Answer : Yes
Question. Is an egg produced daily by one of the ovaries in human beings?
Answer : No
Question. Is regeneration a common feature in Planaria?
Answer : Yes
Question. Are plants produced by vegetative reproduction genetically similar?
Answer : Yes
Question. Will the process of copying DNA have some variations each time?
Answer : Yes
Question. Is spore formation the common method of sexual reproduction in Rhizopus?
Answer : No
Question. Is it true that bacterial diseases are not transmitted through sexual act?
Answer : No
Case Study Questions
Study the table related to sex ratio of females/1000 males in different states and answer the questions that follow:
Question. Which test is responsible for female foeticide?
(a) UV-Spectroscopy
(b) Ultrasound
(c) MRI
(d) X-Ray
Answer : B
Question. Name the state which has males to female ratio to maximum extent in 2013-15.
(a) Haryana
(b) Kerala
(c) West Bengal
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer : B
Question. Which of the following state improves sex ratio in 2013-15 from 2012-14?
(a) Delhi
(b) Karnataka
(c) Bihar
(d) Kerala
Answer : C
Question. What is major cause of less females than males in India?
(a) Male Foeticide
(b) Female Foeticide
(c) Natural
(d) None of these
Answer : B
Question. Which state of India has lowest sex ratio in 2013-15?
(a) Punjab
(b) Odisha
(c) Haryana
(d) Delhi
Answer : C
Please click the link below to download pdf file for CBSE Class 10 Science How do Organisms Reproduce.
CBSE Class 10 Science Chemical Reactions And Chemical Equations Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Acids Bases And Salts Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Metals And Non Metals Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon And Its Compounds Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Periodic Classification Of Elements Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Light Reflection And Refraction Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science The Human Eye And The Colourful World Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Electricity Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Magnetic Effect Of Current Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Michael Faraday Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Sources Of Energy Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Our Environment Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources Notes |
CBSE Class 10 Science Biology Slides |
CBSE Class 10 Science Full Study Material |
CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? Notes
We hope you liked the above notes for topic Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? which has been designed as per the latest syllabus for Class 10 Science released by CBSE. Students of Class 10 should download and practice the above notes for Class 10 Science regularly. All revision notes have been designed for Science by referring to the most important topics which the students should learn to get better marks in examinations. Studiestoday is the best website for Class 10 students to download all latest study material.
Notes for Science CBSE Class 10 Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
Our team of expert teachers have referred to the NCERT book for Class 10 Science to design the Science Class 10 notes. If you read the concepts and revision notes for one chapter daily, students will get higher marks in Class 10 exams this year. Daily revision of Science course notes and related study material will help you to have a better understanding of all concepts and also clear all your doubts. You can download all Revision notes for Class 10 Science also from www.studiestoday.com absolutely free of cost in Pdf format. After reading the notes which have been developed as per the latest books also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 10 Science provided by our teachers
Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? Notes for Science CBSE Class 10
All revision class notes given above for Class 10 Science have been developed as per the latest curriculum and books issued for the current academic year. The students of Class 10 can rest assured that the best teachers have designed the notes of Science so that you are able to revise the entire syllabus if you download and read them carefully. We have also provided a lot of MCQ questions for Class 10 Science in the notes so that you can learn the concepts and also solve questions relating to the topics. All study material for Class 10 Science students have been given on studiestoday.
Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? CBSE Class 10 Science Notes
Regular notes reading helps to build a more comprehensive understanding of Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? concepts. notes play a crucial role in understanding Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? in CBSE Class 10. Students can download all the notes, worksheets, assignments, and practice papers of the same chapter in Class 10 Science in Pdf format. You can print them or read them online on your computer or mobile.
Notes for CBSE Science Class 10 Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
CBSE Class 10 Science latest books have been used for writing the above notes. If you have exams then you should revise all concepts relating to Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? by taking out a print and keeping them with you. We have also provided a lot of Worksheets for Class 10 Science which you can use to further make yourself stronger in Science
You can download notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? for latest academic session from StudiesToday.com
Yes, you can click on the link above and download notes PDFs for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? which you can use for daily revision
Yes, the notes issued for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? have been made available here for latest CBSE session
You can easily access the link above and download the Class 10 Notes for Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? for each topic in Pdf
There is no charge for the notes for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?, you can download everything free of charge
www.studiestoday.com is the best website from which you can download latest notes for Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? Science Class 10
Come to StudiesToday.com to get best quality topic wise notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
We have provided all notes for each topic of Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce? as per latest CBSE syllabus