CBSE Class 10 Science Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources Notes

Class-X

Chapter 16: Management of natural resources Chapter Notes

Key learnings:

1) The natural resources like water, soil, forests, wild-life, coal, petroleum etc. should be utilized in a sustainable manner in order to conserve our environment.

2) Over-exploitation of natural resources causes several environmental problems.

3) There are a number of laws at national and international level to safeguard our environment.

4) Ganga Action Plan was introduced in 1985 to improve the poor water quality of Ganga River.

5) The quality of water has to be assessed scientifically before utilizing it for various purposes.

6) We can adopt the 3 R’s – Reduce, Recycle and Reuse, to conserve our environment.

7) Using our resources judiciously will prevent wastage and conserve our resources.

8) Recycling materials of paper, plastic, glass etc prevents their fresh extraction thereby reducing the pressure on environment.

9) Reusing items over and over again is another environment friendly method. Downloaded from www.studiestoday.com

10) Sustainable development is the need of the hour to preserve our environment. Here present human needs are met by keeping in mind the future generation needs.

11) The participation of every individual is essential to bring about sustainable development.

12) Solar energy is converted into usable form by autotrophs and several processes on Earth.

13) Our natural resources should be available equally to everyone and should be used without damaging the environment.

14) We should try to preserve the number and range of biodiversity present in a region.

15) The stakeholders of forests are the local and tribal people of the area, the Forest Department of the Government, the industrialists and the wild life and nature enthusiasts.

16) The local and tribal people depend on the forest products for fulfilling all their needs of shelter, food, transport, fuel, medicines and cattle grazing.

17) The Forest Department of India destroyed the huge biodiversity of forests by converting them into monocultures of commercially important plants. Such forests are useful for industrial purposes and not for local needs.

18) Industrialists are not dependent on the forests of a particular area and hence do not ensure sustainability of forests.

19) The nature and wild life conservationists

20) The local people should be actively involved in forest management since they ensure its sustainability.

21) ‘Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award for Wildlife Conservation’ is awarded by Government of India in the memory of late Amrita Devi Bishnoi, who laid down her life for protection of trees.

22) Deforestation is mainly caused by industrialism, tourism and development projects.

23) Economic and social development should be achieved with due consideration for ecological conservation.

24) There are many instances of strong protests by the local people against misuse and over-exploitation of forest resources.

25) In Chipko Andolan(which originated in the Reni village of Garhwal), the villagers used to hug the forest trees and prevent their mass felling by the contactors.

26) The local people use the forest resources without destroying the trees.

27) Destruction of forests affects the soil quality and water sources, in addition to reduced availability of forest resources.

28) Combined working of the Forest Department with the local people can ensure the protection and sustainability of forests.

29) By actively involving the villagers in the management of the Arabari forest range, the West Bengal Forest Department was able to revive the degraded Sal forests of the region.

30) Water is an important resource as we need water for fulfilling all our needs.

31) Failure to maintain the ground water level in spite of the plentiful monsoon rains is largely due to human activities like agriculture, pollution and deforestation.

32) In pre-British India, water management was carried out locally and optimally, according to the agricultural and daily needs of the local people.

33) Mega-projects like large dams and canals were initiated by the British and led to the neglect of the local water sources and irrigation methods.

34) Dual purpose of irrigation and electricity generation is achieved by large dams.

35) Mismanagement of large dams and canal systems leads to unequal distribution of water and benefits.

36) Building large dams brings about social, economic and environmental problems.

37) The construction of several dams like Tehri dam and Tawa Dam displaced several poor tribals and peasants without satisfactory rehabilitation or compensation.

38) In watershed management, land and water resources are developed scientifically to increase the biomass production with an aim to conserve the ecosystem.

39) Updating the ancient water harvesting systems has recharged ground water levels and is a viable option to the large scale water storage projects.

40) Water harvesting techniques reduces mismanagement of water resources and ensures benefits for the local people.

41) Water harvesting structures replenishes the ground water levels.

42) Ground water is polluted from pollution, breeding of mosquitoes and evaporation and constitutes an important source of water.

43) Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum have to be used very carefully due to the following reasons:
i) They are present in extremely limited quantity.
ii) Their combustion produces harmful gases such as oxides of nitrogen and sulphur and a green house gas i.e. carbon dioxide.
iii) The huge reservoirs of carbon present in fossil fuels will be converted into carbon dioxide leading to increased global warming.

44) Each person can help in conservation of natural resources by making environment-friendly choices in life as much as possible.

45) Sustainable management of natural resources is the only option available to conserve our natural resources and ensure its equitable distribution to everyone.

Top definitions

1) Coliform – A group of bacteria found in human intestines, whose presence in water indicates contamination by disease-causing microorganisms.

2) Recycling - The act of processing used or abandoned materials for use in creating new products.

3) Reuse – The act of using an item more than once.

4) Sustainable development – A pattern of resource use for obtaining economic and social growth of the present generation while preserving the resources for the needs of future generations.

5) Chipko Andolan – A grassroot level movement in which the villagers used to hug the forest trees and prevent their mass felling by the contractors.

6) Fossil fuels – Fuels such as coal and petroleum formed from the decomposition of ancient animal and plant remains millions of years ago and which provide energy by combustion.

7) Water shed management – A scientific method of developing land and water resources to increase the biomass production without causing ecological imbalance.

8) Water harvesting – It refers to all the different techniques used to collect and store both runoff and rainwater so that it can be used for various purposes like irrigation, human consumption etc.

Top diagrams

Natural Resources
 

1. Resources: A resource is any means of supplying a material held in reserve which can be transformed into more valuable and useful item.

2. Natural resources: They are those substances or materials that exist in nature which are being exploited for supporting life and meeting the needs of human beings. These include air, water, forests, soil, minerals, fossil fuels etc.

3. Pollution: Any undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil, air or water which harmfully affects human lives or lives of other species.

4. Ganga Action Plan: It is a multi-crore project launched in 1985 which has been undertaken to clean the Ganga river.

5. Namami Gange Programme: It is an Integrated Conservation Mission, approved as “Flagship Programme” by the Union Government in June 2014 with budget outlay of ` 20,000 Crore to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of the National River Ganga.

6. Biodiversity: The existence of a wide variety of species of plants, animals, microbes in a natural habitat within a particular environment is called biodiversity.

7. Fossil fuels: The fuels that are obtained from dead remains of plants and animals which got buried beneath the earth millions of years ago are called fossil fuels.

8. Sustainable development: The development which can be maintained for a long time that meets the need of present generation without compromising the ability and needs for future generations without any damage to the environment.

9. Conservation of natural resources: The controlled utilisation of natural resources for the benefit of life so that it may yield sustainable benefit to the present as well as future generations is called conservation of natural resources.

10. Watershed management: Scientific conservation of soil and water to increase biomass production is called watershed management.

11. Rain water harvesting: The technique to capture and store rain water for future use by making special water harvesting structures is called rain water harvesting.

Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
wildlife, coal and petroleum are used by man for his survival.
Management of natural resources is needed for conservation of natural resources.
There are national and international laws and Acts to protect the environment.
Ganga Action Plan : Multi Crore Project came in 1985 to improve the quality of Ganga Accordingly a survey was conducted and a data was collected of total coliform ( a group of bacteria found in human intestine) between 1993-1994 which was as below MPN → Most probable number.
National Award for wildlife conservation – In the memory Amrita Devi
Bishnoi who lost her life in the protection of Khejri trees in Rajasthan alongwith 363 other people.
Chipko Andolan – Movement originated in Garhwal in early 1970S that was the result of a grassroot level effort to end the alienation of people from their forest.
Protection of Sal forest in West Bengal in 1972.

Three R’s to save the environment

Reuse is better than recycling as it saves energy.

Management of Natural Resources is necessary so that these may last for the generations to come and are not exploited for short term gains. Also see the damage they cause to the environment when they are used or mixed.

• Forest and wild life conservation – Forests are biodiversity hot spots Biodiversity of an area is the number of species of different life forms like bacteria, fungi, powering plants insects, birds etc.
• Hotspot means an area full of biological diversity.
– loss of diversity may lead to a loss of ecological stability/ecological imbalance

• Sustainable management – Management of forest resources Wisely to make it available for future generations.
• Water as a Resource
• Water is a basic necessity for all terrestrial forms of life.
• Regions of water scarcity are closely correlated to the regions of acute poverty.
• Failure to sustain water availability has resulted in loss of vegetation cover, diversion for high water demanding crops and pollution from industries and urban wastes and less rain.
• Irrigation methods like dams, tanks and coals have been used in various part of India.

• Dams
• Advantages of Dams – Ensures of adequate water for irrigation.
• Generate electricity.
• Continuous supply of water in regions.
• Disadvantages :
• No equitable distribution of water.
• Large no. of people displaced without compensation.
• Involves huge amount of Public money without giving proper benefits.
• Causes deforestation and loss of biological diversity.

• Water Harvesting – Aim is to develop primary resources of land and water and to produce secondary resources of plants and animals for use in a manner which will not cause ecological imbalance.
• Various ancient methods of water harvesting ?

Method  State
Khadin, tanks, nadis Rajasthan
Bandharas, tals Maharasthra
Bundhis Madhya Pradesh and U.P.
Pyhes        Bihar
Kulhs     Himachal Pradesh
Ponds  Jammu Region
Eris (tanks) Tamilnadu

Bawlis – old method of water harvesting in Delhi and near by region.
• These techniques are locale specific to ensure the mismanagement and over-exploitation of these resources
• Advantages of Khadin System :
– Water does no evaporate
– Recharge wells and moisture for vegetation.
– does no provide breeding ground for mosquito
– Ground water is protected from human and animal waste.

Coal and Petroleum
• Generally called fossil fuel.
• Formed from the disintegration of bio-mass millions of years ago.
• They will get exhausted in the future no matter how carefully we use them.
• Petroleum will last us for about 40 years and the coal resources will last for another two hundred years.
• These contain hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur.
• Why to use fossil fuels judiciously?
– By using public transport enstead of private one, by using C.F.L. tubes, by using stairs instead of lift, by saving electricity as much as possible.

GIST

1) Natural resources: it is stock of the nature such as air, water, soil, minerals, coal, petroleum, forest and wildlife that are useful to mankind in many ways.

2) Pollution:it is defined as the undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of our soil, air or water, which harmfully affect human lives or the lives of other species.

3) pH of water: pH stands for 'potential of hydrogen‘. The acidic and basic character of aqueous solutions can be described in terms of hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ion concentration a pH below 7 indicates an acid solution and above 7 indicates an alkaline solution.

4) Three R’s to save the Environment: We can reduce pressure on the environment by applying the maxim to ‗Reduce, Recycle and Reuse‘ in our lives.

5) Sustainable Development:It is the development which can be maintained for a long time without undue damage to the environment.

6) Need to manage our Resources: Our natural resources are limited. With the rapid increase in human population, due to improvement in health care, the demand for all resources is also increasing.

7) Biodiversity: It is the existence of a wide variety of species of plants, animals and microorganisms in a natural habitats with in a particular environment or of genetic variation with a species.'

8) Wildlife:It means all those naturally occurring animals, plants and their species which are not cultivated, domesticated and tamed.

9) Water harvesting:It means capturing rainwater where it falls or capturing the run off in a ocal area and taking measures to keep the water clean by not allowing polluting activities to take place.

10) Fossil Fuels: These fuels are obtained from the remains of plants and animals, which got buried beneath the earth millions of years ago, changed into coal, petroleum and natural gas due to excessive heat and high pressure inside the earth.

11) Coal: It contains chiefly carbon and its compounds mainly nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and hydrogen. It also contains inorganic matter.

12) Non-renewable Energy Sources:These are energy sources which cannot be replaced easily when they get exhausted and are also called conventional sources of energy. E.g.: Fossil fuels.

13) Uses of Fossil Fuels: Coal: Thermal power plants and steam engines Petroleum: Petroleum products like petrol and diesel are used as means of transport.

14) Management of Fossil fuels: The natural gas is a good alternative to fossil fuels like coal and petroleum. The use of alternative source of non- conventional source of energy such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy etc. Should be promoted to save the reserves of fossil fuels .biogas can also be used for various purposes.

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