CBSE Class 10 English Writing Questions

ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH WRITING

Question. The cartoon below makes fun of the kind of fashions followed by today's youth.Using ideas from this cartoon together with your own ideas, write an analytical paragraph in about 150–200 words on “Changing Fashions”

Answer- In today’s fast moving modern world fashions are changing very fast. However, the fashions show a downward trend in moral values. Looking at them one can safely say that fashions reveal lack of consideration in human thinking. For example, women dresses are very scanty. They leave more parts of the body naked. The young people like to wear such kind of clothes. These make them look like wild animals. Most of them wear a cloth-band round their foreheads and rings in their ear lobes. Equally young girls like to wear very tight dress. This tends to reveal their body frames and contours. This makes them look vulgar and repulsive. Fashions should make one look aesthetically appealing. Clothes like good manners should be appealing and beautiful. But it is not so with our youth. Modern youth copy blindly their favourite heroes and heroines in the film industry. The clothes worn by those in the glitter of cinema have a purpose. It is to cater to the baser elements. But in real life this never is the approach and should never be. In fact, our moral and aesthetic values must get an upper hand over everything. It is the moral duty of the fashion designers to take care of our values while designing fashions. We should not serve the baser instincts through fashions. Youth have a duty not to wear any dress which makes nonsense of everything sensible.

Question. Technology has revolutionised the concept of classroom teaching in the western countries with WiFi campuses, on-line classes, kid-friendly laptops & virtual teachers. Using your own ideas and the information given in the cartoon given below, write an analytical paragraph in about 150–200 words on “ Should Indian classrooms imitate the western trends ?” You are Pritam/Preeti.

Answer-
                                                                  Should Indian Classrooms Imitate the Western Trends?
                                                                                                                                   —Pritam/Preeti
Technological advancements began from the time of early man, though the technology developed at that time was not so advanced as compared to today, but still it was the beginning. Development is never an ending process. On the one side we Indians are considered as the proud owners of a glorious education system in the past and on the other side we are running after the Western Trends. Education provides us with knowledge. It makes a student confident, determined and independent. But the Western Trend is fully dependent on gadgets. What will happen when a person is deprived of these accessories ? Will he remain inactive ? Can we imagine such a situation ? No ! using the latest technology is good but complete dependence is not at all accepted. Knowledge awareness brings in its own set of regulations and restrictions requiring careful monitoring and also personnel for successful implementation for the betterment of the students. And our present Indian classrooms perfectly fit in this scenario. These classrooms provide new essence with up-moving directions in our life, so that we can live in a meaningful way. Our education system becomes more fruitful in our day-today life, that we start enjoying our work and in believe our efforts and continue our positive thinking.

Question. The visual given below makes fun of the amount of money spent on wedding these days. Using ideas from this visual together with your own ideas, write an analytical paragraph on “Everything in life should be done in moderation” 150–200 words.
“Every thing in life should be done in moderation.”

I think the vulgar display of wealth at our daughter’s wedding was much better.
Answer - It would not be wrong to say that celebrations of marriages are treated as a status symbol in our country, especially amongst the middle and upper middle classes. The well-to-do people treat them as a prestige or social symbol to spend extravagantly on weddings. They feel that spending on them will enhance their social position. Thus, they go out of the way to spend lavishly on marriages of their sons and daughters. For example, tents, lights, dowry items get the maximum share of marriage expenses. This false impression for a few hours costs them lakhs of rupees. This surely sets verv bad examples for persons who are at a low social level. So spending extravagantly on marriages is improper and bad. Like the saying goes “Excess of everything is bad”, spending too much on marriages is also bad. There is nothing like simple marriages. This has got a validity. Lakhs of rupees are spent on lighting, tents etc, for a few hours’ false show. The money spent on this can be very important and valuable if saved for the later life of the newly-weds. Artificiality is artificiality. If one deserves respect, one will get it, not by false pomp and show. Niceties of life and appreciation can be gained by being nice and helpful to others and not through vulgar display of wealth. So it is high time that people stop spending extravagantly on marriages. One’s motto should be : ‘Everything in life should be done in moderation’.

Question. Nikhil sees the following cartoon on the high level of pollution on earth. He has to write an analytical paragraph on the topic for the school magazine. Write this paragraph for him in about 150–200 words. Using this information and your own ideas.

‘This is your Captain speaking. We’re about to land on earth. nKindly put on your oxygen mask!’
Answer-
                                                                                            Pollution on Earth
                                                                                                                     —by Nikhil
Among all modern problems facing the world today, the problem of environmental pollution is the most glaring. It will not be long when we will have to wear oxygen masks if this pollution increases at the present level. This cartoon beautifully suggests this. There are many reasons for this pollution. We have cut the forests to meet the demands of ever increasing population and setting up various industries. Burning of petrol and the smoke emitted by the factories pollute the air. We breathe in carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The effluents are let off in rivers by the factories. They cause water pollution. Pressure horns, loud speakers, ‘music’ from music parlours add to the sound pollution. All this has made human life a real nightmare. Human health is in grave danger. Respiratory diseases like bronchitis, asthma are on the increase. The metropolitan cities have become unsafe for habitation. Children are the most sufferers. It is the need of the hour that something should be done to contain the increasing environmental pollution. It can be checked by planting more trees and implementing various laws to check it. If something is not done soon, the damage to our biosphere will be difficult to repair. It is high time that this problem is solved at once.

Question. You are Meghna. Look at the picture given below. It depicts the massive jam of vehicles reflection the chaotic state of traffic in metropolitan cities. Taking clues from the picture and using your own ideas, write an analytical paragraph in about 150– 200 words depicting the existing state of traffic on roads and suggesting ways and means to improve the conditions.

Answer-
                                                                                   Chaos on roads in metropolitan cities
                                                                                                                           —by Meghna
It is seen that in the last decade India has seen a rapid growth in the automobile industry. Every year we see new cars and other vehicles. This also shows the economic prosperity of the people, especially the middle class. But this has given birth to many problems. There is now a virtual disorder on roads in metropolitan cities. It seems people have no road sense. They drive their vehicles the way they like. They forget that the roads are for other road-users also. Secondly, they seem that they are in a great hurry. Thirdly, there is always an increased pressure of vehicles on city roads almost every time. During peak hours it is a hell. Roads are the life-lines of any city. But their encroachments lead to the creation of many problems. Those on wheels never obey the traffic rules. They feel that the roads' are meant only for them. The apathy of the transport or police authorities is also responsible for this disorder on roads. Next, the vehicles not keep to their lanes. Road markings are not there, nor are the policemen. Whatever may be the case, there is virtual hell on these roads. When the road-users do not observe rules, they cause enormous delays to others also. This leads to road rage. That’s why, there are road fights or quarrels among the drivers. The authorities should do something to create order among the road users without any delay.

Question. Arun sees the following scene as he looks out of his bedroom window. He is alarmed at the way his city has changed in the past five years. He writes an analytical paragraph expressing his alarm and painting the present position cautioning people against environmental pollution. Write this paragraph in about 150–200 words using this information and your own ideas.

Answer-
                                                                                     Growing Environmental Pollution
                                                                                                                           —by Arun
It is really painful that our city has undergone some serious changes due to environmental pollution during the last five years. There used to be trees on the city roads. Also there were few vehicles plying on them. Life was peaceful and free from environmental pollution. Such a face of the city has disappeared. Now the smoke emitted by vehicles has become a health hazard causing many respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis etc. Also the noise pollution has greatly increased. Various factories throw poisonous smoke into the atmosphere through their chimneys. This smoke contains poisonous gases like carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. These cause various breathing, problems and later serious diseases. The dry and withered trees show a serious effect of this pollution on them. They look diseased and withered. The drains used to be cleaned during the last five years. But now they are seldom cleaned. Mounds of sewage are seen piled up on thoroughfares. Thus the city has become unfit for a healthy living. It is all due to increasing environmental pollution. This all calls for immediate steps by the authorities to check the increasing environmental pollution. If immediate steps are not taken in this direction, the city may soon become unsuitable for living.

Question. You are Yashita/Prateek. Given below is a table based on a survey made on the preferences/habits and their effects on school going children. You have been asked to write an analytical paragraph on ‘School Going Children—Lazy and Disease Prone’. Taking information from the table given below together with your own ideas write this paragraph in about 150–200 words.

Answer - The statement ‘School Going Children—Lazy and Disease Prone’ is true to a greater extent. The diseases and changes heard of now were not heard in the past. So due to growing affluence, facilities and comforts have entered man’s life. The result is lethargy, sleeplessness, various ailments etc, due to physical labour. Some facts about today’s life will reveal the truth behind the titled statement. About 65% of children go to school by bus or car and 20% use bicycle. A mere 15% walk down to school. So 65% avoid physical work. Then, 60% children prefer junk food, 25% are addicted to cold drinks. Merely 15% eat natural food consisting of cereals, rice, chappatis etc. Obviously, these foods contribute to the children’s obesity, physical weakness and heart disease. 95% of the children play games which do not involve much physical labour. All these factors make school going children physically weak. So they become prone to various diseases. How can we forget Walter Hudson ? He became obese due to lethargy and lack of physical work. Today’s school going children have adopted these very ways of life. It is really sad to know it. We must create awareness among the school going children about the utility of physical work. A healthy mind is there in a healthy body.

Question. Rajesh is to write an analytical paragraph on ‘Tree Plantation’. Write the paragraph on it using your own ideas and the information given below.

Answer - Tree plantation has truly become very important in the context of increasing environmental pollution in the modern times. The importance of trees is also seen in the aesthetic beauty added by them to our surroundings. Trees help in maintaining the ecological balance of the earth. In olden times, kings and emperors laid much stress on tree plantation. They made it sure that trees and gardens were always fresh and in bloom every time of the year. In the modern times this tradition of tree plantation is being maintained by the local governments of the areas. The local bodies plant trees on road sides, parks and other places. The ‘Van-Mahotsav’ is the programme being followed by all the governments. In this way, though the authorities have changed with the passage of time, yet the importance of tree plantation has not faded. The need of tree plantation in today's times is all the more urgent because of the changing environmental degradation. All know how environmental pollution has been affecting the health of the people all over the world. So it becomes the moral duty of the people to realise how trees are important for human survival. We all should, therefore, plant trees wherever there is a vacant plot. If this is done, it will enable us to provide a healthy and clean environment to the coming generations.

Question. The following table gives information about the development of turism in India. Write an analytical paragraph on if using your own ideas and this information given in the table, in about 150–200 Words.
NUMBER OF TOURISTS OVER THE LAST FIVE YEARS

Answer - In recent years the Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India has taken some important steps. These have definitely resulted in the increasing number of foreign tourists to the country. So, the number of local tourists has also increased greatly this year benefiting the country in diverse ways. Till five years ago the number of Indian tourists was 25 thousand compared to 37 thousand foreigners. A year later the number increased to 31 thousand in the case of Indian tourists and remained steady in the case of foreign tourists. This number increased to 50 thousand in case of foreign tourists three years ago. The foreign tourists who visited India further rose to 55 thousand two years ago and to 59 thousand a year ago. There has been an appreciable increase from 59 thousand to 90 thousand in the case of foreign tourists this year. This shows that the picture of India abroad as a tourist destination has gone admirably well. Actually, this was another step undertaken by the Ministry of Tourism. The Ministry opened a few more five-star hotels and improved transportation and communication in the light of ‘Athithi Devo Bhava’. It also arranged more chartered tours facilities for foreign tourists. It is hoped that in the years to come, the inflow of foreign tourists will definitely increase.

Question. You are Subhash/Mira. Given below is a table based on data given about the number of tourists who visited your city in the past two years.
You have been asked to write an analytical paragraph on ‘Promotion of Tourism’. Taking information from the table given below together with your own ideas, write this paragraph in about 150–200 words.

Answer-
                                                                                   Promotion of Tourism
There is no doubt that India is emerging as a tourists’ destination both at national and international levels. For example, tourists from other countries were 8563 in the year 2020. But this number went upto 11478 in the year 2021. However, domestic tourists fell by 8219 in these years. This means we have to take steps to increase the numbers of both the types of the tourists. India’s cultural heritage and unity in diversity are like magnets for the tourists. However, we must take steps to attract the tourists. For example, we must remove problems which hinder the flow of tourists. That’s why, there are plans like developing a wildlife park. One important place of tourtist interest should be equipped with light, sound and music system. Then theie is a plan to develop a big amusement park. A Convention Centre and a multiplex are also going to be added. Besides these, a few hotels are also coming up. The tourist agencies are being connected via satellite telephony so that tourists do not face any problems. All the places of tourist interest are connected by chartered buses. It is hoped that by these steps, tourist inflow to the country will increase greatly.

Question. You are the Captain of Everest House of your school. Write an analytical paragraph on noise pollution, interpreting the data given below Also, give your suggestions on how it can be curbed. Write it in about 150–200 words.

Answer - The World Health Organisation has stated that for sound health loudness of sound during days should not exceed 55 decibels. During nights it should not exceed 35 decibels. But in our metropolitan cities this level far exceeds the level of WHO. For example, Kolkata tops the list with 86 decibels and 72 decibels during the day and night respectively. Chennai has 78 and 73. Mumbai 77 and 67 and lastly Delhi 73 and 68 during day and night respectively. This level has already affected millions of people in these cities. The deaf cases have increased five or six times more. Noise, cause irritation, anger, helplessness and depression. In many cases, it increases blood pressure. The pressure horns are the deadliest of all kinds of sound pollution. Parlours of music, bands, loudspeakers atop religious places, vehicles on roads, rattling bus bodies etc, are other sources of this sound pollution. If something is not done soon, a majority of the population shall suffer from the effects of this sound pollution. So, a strict action is needed to contain this pollution. Erring vehicle drivers should be booked under the rules. Loudspeakers atop religious places should be asked to play at prescribed levels. Bands in marriages should play at the prescribed levels. In this way, we can curb this noise pollution in these cities.

Question. You are the Headboy/Headgirl of your school. You decided to make the school population aware of the advantages of tree plantation and tell them how trees can serve as better air-conditioners. Write an analytical paragraph in about 150–200 words. Take help of the notes given below.

Notes
Trees keep environment cool by:
(a) taking heat of earth and air
(b) absorbing carbon-dioxide that helps in controlling temperature rise
(c) bringing rains
(d) checking direct sunlight
(e) providing shade.
Answer - Trees are really very important for us all. Their advantages are innumerable. For example, they take the heat of the earth and the air to aircondition the environment. Indeed, they have numerous advantages. Precisely speaking, they absorb the dangerous carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere. They help in controlling the temperature rise. Then they bring rains which is 'life' for us all. They take the heat off the earth as well as the atmosphere. They take off the heat of the sunlight and provide us shade. They maintain the ecological balance of the earth and provide us with life-giving oxygen. Seeing their enormous benefits we should plant as many trees as possible. The Chipko Movement and Van Mahotsava Movement are there which highlight the benefits of the trees. We say that our life is simply possible because of the trees. It is sad that we have destroyed much of the flora and fauna for meeting our existential needs. But we must replenish the depleting forests by planting more and more trees at every possible inch of the land. Our life depends on trees. We should educate the people about the benefits of the trees. This way we can cleanse our environment from the environmental pollution. We must take a pledge to plant more and more trees to make the earth a safe place for our lives.

Question. Ritu is to write an analytical paragraph on ‘Smoking is a silent killer of life’. Using your own ideas and the information given below write this paragraph on her behalf in about 150–200 words.
Smoking a drain on limited income of an average income earner – vital organs get affected – harmful for those not smoking – need of educating people about the danger of smoking
Answer - Smoking is actually a silent killer of life. It is also a drain on the limited income of yours. A smoker may say that he feels relieved of worries when he smokes. But it is his own whim. Smoking does more harm. It doesn’t give any sort of freedom from anxiety. The nicotine is a poison and is dangerous to various vital organs like heart, kidney, liver and lungs. It is actually a slow poison and kills a smoker slowly. They say that smoking a cigarette shortens one’s life by four minutes. So smoking means shortening one’s life knowingly and inviting death due to cancer which is very merciless. Smoking also affects the non-smokers. So a person who smokes is affecting the health of the other persons who are near him. Smoking causes a deadly disease like cancer. There is a statutory warning on the cigarette packets that smoking is injurious to health. But it is of no importance as the smokers feel a bit terrified to read this. The next moment they forget it and smoke. The government has taken a right decision now in banning smoking at public places. We all can guide our smoking youth not to smoke but give it up at once. In taking care of our health we shall be rendering a greater help to the national cause to ensure good health to all Indians.

Question. Harish is to write an analytical paragraph on ‘Environmental pollution. Write this paragraph on his behalf in about 150–200 words using your own ideas and the information given below:
Points
Environment—air—water—noise
Sources of pollution—traffic—garbage
Ecological balance—falling of trees—building of dams—congested localities
Suggestion—Plantation—pooling—shifting of factories and mills
Answer -                                                                                Environmental Pollution
                                                                                                                         —Harish
Environmental pollution is one of the major and serious problems that is being faced by the developing countries. The ecological balance of the earth is being threatened by it. Air and water are polluted by the toxic constituents. Noise pollution has destroyed the calm and serenity of our surroundings. The main sources of pollution are the increasing vehicular traffic and garbage. The petrol or diesel being used in the vehicles emits toxic smoke which contains lethal gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. All those inhaling these gases contract deadly diseases. These are like bronchitis, asthma and other breathing problems. The accumulating garbage emits foul smell. It is the birth place of many contagious diseases. Various leather and chemical industries pollute both the air and the water by belching out poisonous smoke and effluents in water courses. The increasing felling of trees, building of dams and upcoming of congested localities have played havoc with the clean environment. Human life is in real and grave danger. We need to plant more trees at every possible patch of land. There is also a need of shifting industries and mills established in congested colonies to safer places. To control traffic car pools must be made so that the emission level from them is contained within the prescribed levels. The government needs to take immediate steps to contain this pollution and to ensure public health.

Question. You are Pawan/Preeti. Write an analytical paragraph in about 150–200 words on how Science or Technology can be misused in different ways by which we may lose our greatest wealth of health. You may use the ideas from the notes given below and your own ideas to write it.
HEALTH HAZARDS
→ Unhygienic Junk food
→ Pesticides in Plantations and Perfumes
→ Chemicals in Cosmetics
→ Toxins in Soft drinks
→ Artificial measures to ripen fruits and promote yield from fields.
Answer -                                                                      How Science and Technology affect our health
                                                                                                                                   —Pawan/Preeti
There is no doubt that science and technology have played a very wonderful role in our lives. But the misuse has adversely affected our health. We get off-season fruits, vegetables and other agricultural produce by its use. We have pesticides to increase agricultural produce. We have soft drinks to give us relief in very hot summer season. We have a variety of instant foods according to our taste buds. For beauty and make up we have a variety of creams and cosmetics. These transform our looks instantly. All these have been due to the science and technology. But we never think about the sideeffects of these ‘blessings’ on our health. Unhygienic junk food causes obesity, diabetes and indigestion. Pesticides cause various diseases. Chemicals in cosmetics play havoc with our skins. Toxins in soft drinks cause stomach diseases like ulcers, intestinal infections. Off-season fruits ripened by artificial measures affect our health badly. In this way, we can very well imagine that science and technology have been misused by the business houses. It would not be worng to say that public health is in serious danger. The government should take proper steps to protect public health so that so the use of science and technology steps affecting our health. 

Question. The following notes have instructions as to how to contain the spread of malaria in rainy season. Write an analytical paragraph on the subject using these notes and your own ideas, in about about 150–200 words.
Prevention is better than cure—cleanliness—in and outside the house—no water logging—mosquito nets—DDT spray—flitting—full sleeves—full pants—covers.
Answer -                                                                   Preventing the Spread of Malaria
It is a fact that malaria is spreading like wildfire in our town. All the people can be held responsible for giving breeding conditions to the mosquitoes. So it becomes our earnest duty to contain them from breeding. ‘Prevention is better than cure’ should be our top priority. This will help us in checking the disease caused by them. Other breeding grounds like garbage mounds should not be allowed to come up. Cleanliness is next to Godliness. First of all, we must ensure that waterlogging does not take place. Water should not be allowed to stagnate anywhere like flower pots, old tyres etc. If it is, it must be sprayed with chemicals like DDT. Flitting them with mosquito repellents should also be undertaken. While sleeping we must wear full sleeve shirts and use mosquito nets. Wire-meshing of the windows and doors must be undertaken. No part of the body should be allowed to remain exposed to the mosquitoes. We must bear in mind that if malaria is contracted, we undergo days of utter misery and pain. So it is better that mosquitoes must not be allowed to bite anyone of us. If the above mentioned simple precautions are practised, we will surely be successful in checking malaria.

Question. The following notes show India’s poor performance in 2010. Sydney Olympics. Write an analytical paragraph on the subject analysing the reasons for this poor
performance and suggesting ways and means to improve this performance in the coming years in about 150–200 words.
Notes
Reasons for poor performance—no proper infrastructure—lack of equipment, coaches—no international standards—bureaucratic hassles—dismal performance—
need for overhauling—selection of competent hands —addition of latest state-ofthe art sports equipment—hope for improvement
Answer -                                                        India’s Poor performance in Sydney Olympics
It is a shame that we have more than 100 crore of people, yet we have not a single gold in the Olympics. It is a fact that India couldn’t show its mettle at the Sydney Olympics except the feat of Malleswari. This requires looking into the case and analysing what is wrong with such a dismal performance at international level.
There seem to be many reasons for the same. The most glaring reason is that we do not groom our sportspersons from the very childhood as it is done in China, Japan etc. Then our schools, colleges and other sports institutes do not have that infrastructure which is necessary for training our future athletes on international lines. Sometime, it is lack of equipment, sometime it is the appointment of a coach, or sometime, it is the food. Lack of enthusiasm on the personnel of the Ministry of Sports is also responsible for this sad performance. Then it is the dirty politics in the name of regionalism and nepotism that spoils everything. Really deserving and capable sports persons get behind The bureaucratic hassles also play their part in the dismal performance of the athletes.
Seeing this all, we can say that there is a dire need of overhauling the whole system. We need determined good souls who think of the country first and not the people. If such persons run the show, we can hope for better performance in sports at international level. There is greater need to add latest state-of-the art sports equipment. Things can be improved in the near future.

Question. Given below is a newspaper report on the state of cancer prevailing in India. You have been asked to write an analytical paragraph on ‘Cancer—a silent killer’ Taking information from the clipping given below together with your own ideas, write this paragraph in about 150–200 words.
In India, cities are more cancer-prone than rural areas. In the early 1990’s, we expected one out of 10-15 urban Indians to get cancer in their life-time, that is every second or third family would have to face this disease. This is partly due to high levels of benzene in the air and also that the metros are exposed to high levels
of pesticides in their foods.
In order to check the steady growth of cancer in the country, the Government shall have to give priority to preventive action. At the same time measures to undertake improvement in facilities for the treatment of cancer shall have to be adopted.
Answer -
It is a matter of concern that our urban population has become cancer-prone more than the rural population. It is very sad that every tenth person is likely to have cancer. It is due to high level of benzene in the air. It is also due to the high levels of pesticides in the foods. Also highly radio-active waves of the cell-phones etc, have also contributed to this grave danger to human population. To check this menace of cancer, the Government shall have to give top-most priority to preventive actions. More facilities like Diagnostic Centres and Cancer Hospitals need to be created for the treatment of cancer patients.
There is a dire need to contain this deadly disease by taking some urgent steps. First of all, we must ban the wide use of the pesticides. Excessive use of pesticides is really harmful for human health. In the developed countries, much emphasis is being laid on organic manure instead of the fertilizer. So we have to introduce organic manure. Then crop pattern needs to be changed. Besides this, a kind of public awareness programme will have to be undertaken. Public is to be awakened towards the growth of cancer and its easy detection. This would surely help in the containing of this disease at its initial stages. If cancer is detected and treated at the early stages, it can’t be fatal.

Question. Rishi is to write an analytical paragaph on the occasion of celebration of anti-dowry week on the desirability of eliminating this social evil of dowry. Write it on his behalf in about 150–200 words. Using the information given in the graph given below and your own ideas.

Answer -
It would not be wrong to say that dowry is simply a blot on our society. Every year young lives are lost due to this social evil. Yet this evil is not eliminated. The above graph gives a picture of these deaths from 2014 to 2021.
Maximum marriages were solemnised in 2017. This year also saw the burning of 800 young brides which also includes the young women who married some time before it. In 2015, about 700 married women were forced to commit suicide because of continuous torture for bringing insufficient dowry. This figure continued to rise in the years thereafter. 500 remarriages speak much of this social evil. There is some relief in the fact that the number of deaths fell onwards from 2018. This may be due to the fact that many social organisations raised a hue and cry. The Government amended the Act. Social pressures also helped in containing this evil. There are numerous examples to show that women have received an equal place with men in our scriptures. We treat the women as ‘goddesses’. But we also burn them for some material benefits like getting CTVs, refrigerators, scooters, etc. An educated girl, in herself, is a sufficient dowry. If she is an earning hand, she adds another feather in her cap. An educated bride brings a really good change in the family by way of all round progress. She brings cheerfulness by the qualities of head and heart. We must eliminate this evil by pledging neither to give nor to accept dowry. Our youth can be Raja Ram Mohan Roy in this field, who raised his voice against this social evil.

Question. Given below is a graphic representation of the vehicles challaned for breaking traffic rules. Taking ideas from this, coupled with your own ideas, write an analytical paragraph in about 150–200 words on ‘Road Safety Measures’. You are Arun/ Anushka.

Answer -
                                                                                               Road Safety Measures
                                                                                                         —Anushka/Arun
There is hardly any day when the news of accident is not published in the newspapers.These accidents are fatal and are caused by carelesssness of the drivers. The above graph shows that 25% accidents are due to drunken driving; jumping red lights 37%; overspeeding and overtaking 19% each. These involved are scooterists, motorists, truck drivers, private bus drivers etc. These can be avoided if the road users are a little careful and avoid the thrills of driving fast. Road safety is an essential part of knowing how to drive. The speed limit and other-laws of the road should be strictly followed. Over speeding can cause accident if the person in front of you stops suddenly, or if you hit gravel. Jumping red light should be a big No. Driving is a very responsible task which should be done with utmost care. So using mobile or drunken driving should be avoided. The media has been a largely overlooked factor in creating road safety awareness. Celebrity endorsements and peer education programmes would provide an accessible means of promoting awareness, particularly among young people. There is a need for stricter laws. Policies could provide for the creation of better roads and pavements. Road safety cannot be the responsibility of government alone. We'll have to come together for the cause.

Question. The chart below displays data about the number of digital devices purchased in Rishunagar across the years 2015-2019. Write a paragraph analyzing the given data.

The table below displays the responses of 85 college athlete-respondents, aged 16-24, about sources of nutrition information. Write a paragraph analyzing the given data.

Answer -
The given data clearly shows the number of digital devices purchased in Rishunagar across the years 2015-2019. In the year 2015 around 30,000 computers and 41,000 smart phones were purchased. In 2016, 61,000 smart phones and 59,000 computers were purchased. In 2017, the number of computers purchased rose to 81,000 while that smartphones rose to 79,000. These figures, however, fell during the year 2018. Around 58,000 computers and 62,000 smartphones were purchased. But in 2019 these figures rose sharply. In this year 83,000 computers and 1,01,000 smartphones were purchased. This shows that in the coming years these numbers shall grow more.

Question. The bar chart given below shows the expenditure of two countries, A and B, on consumer goods in 20XX. Summarise and write an analytical graph highlighting the main features and necessary details. Compare where relevant.

Answer. 
Introduction: The bar graph given above illustrates the money spent by two countries, A and B, on consumer goods in the year 20XX.
Overall View/Main Trend: Both the countries, A and B, spent a considerable sum on the purchase of consumer goods in the year 20XX. The highest amount of money had been spent on computer, TVs and garments. However, their expenditure fluctuated depending on the consumer goods.
Description of Details:
(i) Country A spent 550 crores of rupees on cosmetics. B spent one hundred crore less on cosmetics. A lot of money was spent on computers, mobiles and tablets. Here, B overtook A in the expenditure. B spent 50 crores more than A in this sector. Their figures were 650 and 700 crores respectively. Another sector that attracted a lot of money of both the countries related to TVs. A spent 700 crores while B settled for 650, one hundred crore less than A.
(ii) Money spent on bakery products by B was exactly the same as the money spent by A on cosmetics. Garments, as usual, were the hot favourites. Country B spent a staggering amount of 700 crores on garments. B spent one hundred crore less. The single sector that attracted the maximum money among consumer goods in one year related to computers, mobiles and tablets. A whopping amount of 1350 crores was spent on computers, etc. in the same year, both by A and B. The least amount of money was spent on the purchase of cosmetics, just 1000 crores in the same year.
Conclusion: The amount of money spent on consumer goods depended on the needs, requirements and craze of the people. People’s taste vary like the change of seasons. At least, the pattern of expenditure on consumer goods of both the countries A and B shows it.

Question. The bar chart given below shows how constant illegal extraction, destruction of natural water bodies, concretisation of land and no emphasis on recharging groundwater have brought the National Capital Region groundwater level down in ten years, from 2010 to 2020. Summarise by writing an analytical paragraph (150-200 words) selecting the main features and details. Compare wherever relevant.

Answer.
 Introduction: The bar graph given above highlights the constant fall of the ground-water level in the last ten years in the NCR due to illegal extraction, destruction of natural water-bodies, urbanisation and no emphasis on recharging groundwater.
Overall View: It is quite alarming that within this decade, the current levels of extraction of groundwater are higher than recharge. This has led to a decline in ground-water-levels by 1.5 m on an average each year over the last decade. Increasing recharge and controlling extraction and haphazard urbanisation is the critical need of the hour.
Description of Details:
(i) The data of recent three years shows that in 2018, the average groundwater table in the NCR was 33.23 m, which dipped to 35.85 m in 2019. This further went down to 36.21 m this year. It means that the NCR has witnessed a fall in its water table of 2.98 metres over the last two years. This year, the ground-water-level has receded by 0.36 m compared to the last year’s level. It is quite alarming that between 2010 and 2020, the ground-water-level has gone down by 5.71 metres.
(ii) Fortunately, during two years, in 2012 and 2017, the trend of the constant fall in the water level was arrested. In 2012, the water-level went up by .93 m in comparison to the previous year 2011. Similarly, in 2017, the water-level went up by a whopping 3.90 metres! The year 2017 saw the highest rise in water-level in one year. On the contrary, the year 2013 witnessed the greatest fall in the ground-water-level by 2.03 metres in a single year.
Conclusion: The bar graph presents rather a gloomy picture of the ground-water levels in the NCR. Only effective corrective measures to stop illegal extraction of water, saving natural bodies and emphasis on recharging can help in saving the situation.

Question. The bar graph given below illustrates the Air Quality Index for 9 days, from September 27 to October 5, 2020. Study the graph carefully and write an analytical paragraph (150-200 words) highlighting the main trend and other necessary details. Compare where relevant.

Answer.
 Introduction: The above given bar chart represents the deteriorating AQI (Air Quality Index) from 27th of September to October 5, 2020.
Overall View: Delhi’s air quality is gradually deteriorating and due to fog weather conditions and stubble burning cases in the neighbouring states the AQI in Delhi may be put in the ‘Poor’ category in the coming days.
Description of Details:
(i) On 17th of September, AQI of Delhi was still in the Moderate category with AQI reading 117. The next day, the air quality deteriorated to 159 and on 29th it deteriorated further to 177. For two days, on 30th September and on the first day of October, the air-quality showed some improvement. It read 156 and 152 respectively. Then AQI started showing a sharp rise. It went on increasing and it started deteriorating still further on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th October.
(ii) On 5th of October, the AQI recorded the poorest quality of air with the level shooting up to all time high (190). The main reason of this deterioration were mainly two—the weather conditions and the stubble-burning in the paddy fields of the neighbouring states of Haryana and Punjab. If the situation continues like this, within this week the AQI can enter the ‘Poor’ category from the present ‘Moderate’ status. If will worsen the quality of Delhi’s air still further.
Conclusion: It always happens that during the harvesting season of paddy in the month of October, due to the stubble-burning in the neighbouring states of Haryana and Punjab, the AQI of Delhi and the NCR deteriorates sharply. If this trend continues, Delhi’s air may worsen still further in the coming weeks.

Question. The bar chart/graph given below describes the Trade Deficit which was as huge as – 15.2 ($ bn) in January 2020, but narrowed down to $ 2.9 bn in September, 2020. Study the graph carefully and write an analytical paragraph (150-200 words) highlighting the main trends and other necessary details. Compare where necessary. You can take hints from the inputs given for your convenience.

Answer. 
Introduction: The bar graph given above represents the gradual narrowing down of trade deficit in billion dollars from –15.2 in January, 2020 to –2.9 billion dollars in September, 2020. Overall View/General Trend: The devastating effect of COVID-19 pandemic was quite obvious during the early part of the year, especially during lockdowns. The gradual opening of trade, commerce and transport started showing positive trends leading to the narrowing down of the Trade Deficit from – 15.2 to just –2.9 billion dollars. This was made possible due to significant increase in the exports.
Description of Details:
(i) COVID-19 pandemic almost paralysed trade and industry, all over the world but more so in India which saw a number of total lockdowns. This crippled manufacturing, trade and the markets which found themselves tonally deserted without any buyers. Hence, the first three months of 2020 saw a dramatic climbing up of Trade Deficit. It was at a staggering – 15.2 billion dollars in January. It showed a steady decline in the months of February and March, –9.9 and –9.8 billion dollars respectively
(ii) The decision of opening up of trade and commercial activities along with the transport activities had a dramatic effect on trade, commerce and industry. The wheels of industry started moving again. The month of May saw the recovery. Exports were encouraged. In May, the deficit was reduced to –3.1 billion dollars. In June, this deficit was neutralised with just a marginal trade surplus of 0.8 billion dollars. It relapsed again and showed a deficit of – 4.8 and –6.8 billion dollars in July and August 2020. However, the increase in export of iron ore (110%), rice (92%) and oil meals (44%) respectively in September helped to narrow down the deficit again to just – 2.9 million dollars. Conclusion: The continuous total lockdowns did save thousands of precious human lives but crippled the economy adding to huge trade deficits. The opening of trade, commerce and industrial activities did help in making a sort of recovery and narrowing down the trade deficit to just –2.9 million dollars in September. It is hoped that in the coming quarters of 2021, India will wipe out the trade deficit totally showing a healthier picture of economy.

Question. Study the graph given below which is based on a survey done on the number of students of class VIII in a govt. school of Delhi in the specific years. On the basis of details given in the graph, interpret the data in about 100-120 words.

Answer. 
The graph shows that the number of students in class VIII of a government school in Delhi has increased almost after every year. It shows that the people of Delhi give much importance to education.
The parents as well as children understand the value of education.
During the period 2015-16, the number of students of class VIII was 100 which went up to 150 during the period 2016-17. So 50 new students were admitted in class VIII during the period 2016-17. During the year 2017-18, the number of students increased greater than that in the year 2016-17. Unfortunately, during the year 2018-19, the number of students decreased to some extent. But during the year 2019-20, we can see that the number of students again increased to a great extent — from 200 in the period of 2018-19 to 350 in 2019-20. So we can say that nowadays people are giving much more importance to education than in the previous years.

PIE CHARTS/PIE GRAPHS

Question. The below given pie chart represents the sales of leading brands of toothpaste in India in the year 2020. Write an analytical paragraph showing the general trends and the necessary details. Compare the segments where relevant.

Answer. 
Introduction : The given pie chart illustrates the sales of the popular brands of toothpaste in India during 2020. The chart also shows the other brands which also constitute a substantial share in the market.
Overall View/General Trend: As expected, one of the oldest
brands and even the most popular one, ‘Colgate’ still remains the winner inspite of being actively challenged by Patanjali’s popular brand ‘Dantkanti’. ‘Dabur Red’
is coming up. ‘Pepsodent’ is stagnant at 10 percent while the ‘Others’ hold a significant 20 percent
share in the market.
Description of Details:
(i) The pie chart is self-explanatory. ‘Colgate’ has been the house-hold name throughout India for more than half a century. It is no surprise that it should lead all other brands in the toothpaste segment. However, it is certainly not all that dominating a brand as it used to be in previous years. The reason is obvious. The growing popularity of Patanjali’s ‘Dantkanti’ is giving a stiff challenge to its established domination in the market. The sales of ‘Dantkanti’ have captured one-fifth of the total sales in the year. Both Colgate (35%) and Dantkanti (20%) constitute 55 percent of total sales in this segment.
(ii) ‘Dabur-Red’ has shown rather a promising performance. Though it hasn’t yet caught up with the new craze ‘Dantkanti’, however, it has retained its share in the market. Another popular brand ‘Pepsodent’ has rather remained stagnant at 10 percent. There are many ‘others’ in this segment. They have quite a sizeable share in the market. They still hold one-fifth of the total sales in the market.
Conclusion: The emergence of a new player ‘Dantkanti’ of Patanjali has made a serious dent in the complete domination of the most popular brand ‘Colgate’ in the toothpaste segment. The share of ‘Dabur Red’ is significant and so is the share of ‘Others’ in the market.

Question. The Pie-Chart given below shows the popular international brands of shoes and their respective shares in the high-end shoe-market in India in the year 2020. Study the chart carefully and write an analytical paragraph (150-200 words) giving the general trends and other necessary details. Don’t forget to compare the segments where relevant.

Answer.
Introduction :The above given pie-chart illustrates the market share of high-end popular international brands of shoes in India in the year 2020. The chart includes ‘other’ brands which enjoy about one tenth of the market share in India.
Overall Views/General Trend:
(i) The distribution of the market share of the famous international brands of shoes is quite clear on the expected lines. ‘Nike’ the creator of innovative sports shoes is the leader enjoying the one-fifth of the total high-end shoe-market in India. There is a tough competition in two equally popular international brands, ‘Adidas’ and ‘Bata’. Each has captured 15 percent of the market share. ‘Puma’ comes next with a market share of 12 percent. However, it has failed to catch up with the leaders in the segment.
(ii) ‘Woodland’ has carved out a special fascination for the exclusive buyers of this particular brand.
However, it stagnates at 10 percent and is constantly challenged by Lee Cooper (10%) and ‘Fila’
(8%). There are other lesser known brands which constitute about 10 percent share in the segment.
Conclusion: The popularity and acceptance of three leading international brands of shoes remain unchallenged in India. However, ‘Nike’ still remains the leader. ‘Puma’, ‘Woodland’, ‘Lee Cooper’ and ‘Fila’ have their own patrons and buyers in the market.

Question. The pie-chart given below represents the market share of popular brands of watches in India, including the leading international brands. The unorganised watch-market with lesser popular brands also holds a significant market share. Study the chart carefully and write an analytical paragraph (150-200 words) highlighting the main trends and other necessary details. Compare where relevant.

Answer.
 Introduction: The pie-graph given on right side illustrates the fierce competition in the market share of popular brands of watches in India. Fortunately, Indian brands of watches lead the pack with 30 percent share in this segment. Overall View: Inspite of offering costly and innovative watches, the international brands of watches have failed to beat the Indian brands like ‘Titan’ and ‘Timex’ which together have captured about one-third of the watch-market in India.
Description of Details:
(i) The Indian brand ‘Titan’ of the Tata group is easily the most sought after brand of watches in India. It enjoys just one-fifth of the total share in the market. It is a matter of pride that another Indian brand ‘Timex’ is the next sought after brand after ‘Titan’. Both these giants, have captured one third of the watch-market put together. The unorganised sector with little known brands, including mostly the ‘desi’ Indian brands also holds a significant 20 percent market share.
(ii) ‘Citizen’ and ‘Tissot’ are the most popular international brands of watches sold in India. Each of them enjoys a sizeable 10 percent market share. ‘Maxima’ and ‘Casio’ are struggling to catch up with the rest, each having a five percent share. ‘Rado’ is no doubt a very prestigious international brand in India, but its high price has confined it only to an exclusive group of buyers. Still it enjoys 7% share of the total. ‘Tommy Hilfiger’ and ‘Tag Heur’, both hold a 5% share each. Actually, the ‘Others’ have eaten away quite a significant share of many of the popular brands.
Conclusion: It is heartening that Indian brands of watches ‘Titan’ and ‘Timex’ are getting a dominating 33 percent share in the watch-market. International brands have their own exclusive patrons but their high prices keep them away from the common Indian buyers.

Question. The pie-chart given below describes the popular brands of sunglasses sold in the world. Study the graph carefully and write an analytical paragraph (150-200 words) highlighting the main trends and other necessary details. Don’t forget to compare where relevant. Popular brands of sunglasses sold in the world

Answer.
Introduction: The pie-chart given above represents the sales percentages of popular brands of sunglasses sold in the world. It also includes less popular ‘other’ brands which form a 15 percent share in the world market.
Overall View: It is an open secret that Italian brands of sunglasses have established a complete domination and hold over the world-market. It is encouraging that an Indian brand ‘Fastrack’ of the famous Titan group also figures in the world market with a five percent share.
Description of Details:
(i) So far among the popular brands of sunglasses that are sold all over the world, nothing can beat the Italian brands. The clear winners, of course, are ‘Ray-Ban’ and ‘Gucci’ which together holds 40 percent share of the total. Their domination is overwhelming. Next comes another Italian brand ‘Armani’ which can boast of a 12 percent-share in the world market.
(ii) The other popular brands that have patrons scattered all over the world are ‘Prada’, ‘Vogue’ and ‘Police’. They have 10%, 10% and 8% share in the market respectively. It is rather encouraging that an Indian brand ‘Fastrack’ of the Titan group is also making a place in the international market with a modest share of five percent.
Conclusion: It can be concluded with certainty that Italian giants like ‘Ray-Ban’, ‘Gucci’ and ‘Armani’ have no competitors in the near future from any part of the world. American and other European brands are far behind the Italians in this segment.

Question. Given below is a pie-chart which shows different types of electronic gadgets used by middle-class people in their houses on an average in Delhi. Write its interpretation in about 100-120 words.

Answer.
In a study conducted on the uses of electronic gadgets in Delhi, it was observed that 35% of the people in Delhi use LG brand. So we can say that LG is still a leading electronic brand. On the second position as compared to the four brands is Videocon which is used by 30% of the people in Delhi. Samsung is on the third position in Delhi.Samsung was earlier on the second position in Delhi. But now it has come to the third position as compared to the four brands. On the fourth position is Whirlpool. It is the least favoured brand of the people in Delhi.

Question. Read the following excerpt from an article that appeared in a local daily newspaper.
Communalism is a black spot on the fair name of secular India. Every year we have communal riots and arsoning in one big city or the other.
Write a paragraphs in 100-120 words to analyse the given excerpt.
Answer.
Communalism is a black spot on the fair name of secular India. The cancer of communalism is eating into the vitals of our nation. Every year we have communal riots and arsoning in one big city or the other. Cities like Aligarh, Meerut, Moradabad, Kanpur and Ahmedabad have frequent communal riots.
The root cause of communalism is religious intolerance. It is fanned by religious fanatics who spread communal hatred in order to feather their own nest. These narrow-minded persons suffering from sectarian or communal prejudices lack a rational, scientific and democratic approach. They harm the nation by crippling economy and hinder the development. Communalism has also been spread by self-seeking politiciAnswer. It is high time the organizations and the people who divide people in the name of religion and block the progress of secular, socialist and democratic India should be brought to book.

A LINE GRAPH

Question. The line graph given below shows the number of motorcycles manufactured in Honda Automobile Company from 2014 to 2020. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Don’t forget to make comparisons where necessary.

Answer.
Introduction: The line graph/chart given above represents the number of motorcycles manufactured by the leading multinational Honda Automobile Company within a period of seven years, from 2014 to 2020.
Overall View/Main Trend: The production of motorcycles shows a constant upward rise till it reaches its highest production in 2019 when the company produced 50 lac motorcycles. The devastating effect of COVID-19 brought the production almost to a standstill plummeting to a meagre 15 lacs in 2020.
Description of Details:
(i) The most popular and prestigious motorcycle manufacturing multinational Honda Automobiles (India) started with a modest figure of 20 lacs in 2014. The craze for ‘Honda’ continued rising, especially among youths. The year 2015 saw a steady rise from 20 to 25 lacs but it made a big upward jump in 2016 when the production reached to 40 lacs. The year 2017 saw a substantial fall in the manufacturing of motorcycles to just 25 lacs.
(ii) The modest rise from 45 lacs to 50 lacs in 2019 proved only to be a nine-day-wonder. Due to COVID-19, the management had to close down the factory for a long time due to constant lockdowns.The company did start its production again but managed to manufacture a paltry figure of 15 lacs,that also due to the festive season in October and November.
Conclusion: ‘Honda’ brand of the prestigious multinational manufacturer of motorcycles saw a dramatic rise in the production. Starting from 20 lacs in 2014 it reached its peak at 50 lacs in 2019.COVID-19 did have a devastating effect on the manufacturing activities as the company remained closed for several months in 2020.

Question. The line graph shown below illustrates the main trends in garments worn by young boys of 17 to 25 years. Summarise and write an analytical paragraph in your own words highlighting the main features and details. Compare wherever relevant.

Answer.
Introduction: The line graph given above represents the popular choice and main trends in the use of garments by the boys belonging to the age group of 17 to 25 years. The choice is between —both — the desi and the western outfits.
Overall View/Main Trend: The general trend that emerges out after studying the line graph is the growing craze of western outfits among the young boys between the age of 17 to 25 years. They are crazy after Jeans and T shirts. Next come pants and shirts. Dhoti and Kurta are fast disappearing as the popular dresses of the youth. So are Pajama and and Kurtas though they have a sizable patronage among them.
Description of Details:
(i) No doubt, Jeans and T shirts are the first and most popular choice of all boys from the age of 17 to the age of 25. The lowest percentage 50% is in the age group of 17 years. It steadily goes on rising to 60 percent and 70 percent in the age group of 18 and 19 years. The age group of 20 shows a modest decline but from the age of 21 to 23 years, the rise is phenomenal as 80% of the youth wear them during these years. Pants and shirts are also quite popular. Their use show a steady rise from 40 percent to 50 and then to 60 percent in the age group of 23 years. Then comes a gradual decline before it settles down at 50 percent at the age of 25.
(ii) The ‘desi’ outfits ‘Dhoti and Kurta’ and ‘Pajamas and Kurta’ are struggling to maintain their relevance in the garment market. ‘Pajamas and Kurtas’ still have their own dedicated group of users. About half of the boys in the age group of 22 years still use this as their favourite dress. However, ‘Dhoti and Kurta’, the traditional ancient dress of Indians are struggling to be relevant in the garment market.
Conclusion: It is beyond any doubt that due to their comfort level and looks, the young men of India are crazy after western dresses, particularly the Jeans and T shirts. The traditional Indian dresses are only struggling to remain relevant and are fast disappearing from the choice-list of the young men in India.

Question. The line graph given below illustrates the maximum and minimum temperatures in the first seven days of September, 20XX. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where necessary.

Answer.
Introduction: The line graph/chart given above represents the maximum and minimum temperatures recorded from September 1 to September 7, 20XX.
Overall View/Main Trend: September is supposed to be a month of moderate temperatures. So, the first seven days of the month maintained moderate temperatures. The maximum temperatures during the day time varied from 26 to 36°C and the minimum varied from 14 to 22°C.
Description of Details:
(i) As expected, the first day of the mouth recorded 30°C, which was quite modest when compared to the previous month. The second and third days were really pleasant and bearable at 26°C each. On the third day, the temperature was at 30°C. From the fourth to the seventh day, the temperatures started rising and were recorded 32°C on the fourth and 36°C on the 6th and 7th day. The week-end became quite warmer and a little uncomfortable.
(ii) The minimum temperatures during the night time also showed fluctuations but were more steady than the maximum temperatures during the day time. On the 2nd, 5th and 6th day the nights were rather cool and pleasant as each night recorded 14°C as the minimum temperature. On the third night, the temperature was 20°C but the 4th and the 7th night of September were comparatively warmer nights as the temperatures were recorded at 20 and 22°C respectively.
Conclusion: The maximum temperatures during the first five days during the day-time were quite normal and bearable. However, the 6th and the 7th day recorded 36°C each making the people a little more uncomfortable. The minimum temperatures at night made all five nights quite pleasant and bearable as the temperatures ranged from 14 to 20°C. Only the 7th night was a little warmer compared to the rest of the first six nights.

Question. The line graph given below illustrates the number of COVID-19 cases from September 17 to September 27, 2020 respectively. It also provides Daily Tests (7-day average) and the Test Positive Rate. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where necessary.

Answer. 
Introduction: The line graph given above presents the gradual fall in the number of COVID-19 cases from September 17 to September 19. It also shows that the seven-day average of daily tests conducted amounted to 11.2 lacs and the test positive rate was 7.7 percent.
Overall View: It is heartening that in the time period mentioned above COVID-19 cases started showing a steady fall, from 93,199 cases of infection on the 17th to 85,131 cases on the 27th of September 2020. Daily tests averaged at 11.2 lacs and the positive rate is 7.7 percent, not very alarming but definitely giving no cause for rejoice.
Description of Details:
(i) The government still claims that COVID-19 has not entered the ‘Community transfer’ phase in India. Nor has it climaxed so far. However, the pattern of the infection has raised a little ray of hope. There has been a steady fall in the number of cases from September 17. On 17th of September the number of new infections were 93,199. They dropped by more than 3000 on the next day (90,044). September 19 saw a further drop and recorded 89,426 new cases of infection. On 21st, the numbers again swelled to 93,000. But then started a steady fall from 23rd of September. From 24th September to 27th September, the new cases fell from 86,270 to 86,000 and finally from 85,270 to 85,131, the lowest on September 27, 20XX.
(ii) The need for increasing daily tests have been, at last, recognised and implemented. The 7-dayaverage of daily tests stands at 11.2 lacs which sounds rather encouraging. The test positivity rate stands at 7.7 percent which is definitely on the higher side.
Conclusion: When the daily COVID-19 infection cases were touching near a lac, the steady, though a marginal fall in the number of cases is a major relief to the people. The 7-day-average of daily tests standing at 11.2 lacs need to be enhanced further as the test positive rate is still fairly high at 7.7 percent.

Question. In the graph given below we get a shocking picture of deaths in the USA due to Corona Virus that showed a constant upward trend in the month of April 2020. Write an analytic paragraph describing the general trend and other details after analysing the graph.
Increase in Corona Virus Death Cases in USA. from April 10 to May 2, 2020

Answer. 
The graph given above illustrates the threatening number of Corona Virus related death cases in the United States of America from April 1 to May 1, 2020. The number of deaths even surpassed the shocking numbers of deaths that American soldiers lost in the Vietnam War. The overall trend shows a constant upward trend. Within a short span of 30 days, more than 65,000 precious lives were lost being smitten by COVID-19. The staggering numbers appear more terrible when contrasted with the deaths of American soldiers in the Vietnam War. More American lives have already been lost than the number of soldiers killed (58000+) in Vietnam. And there is no respite as yet. On April 1, there were just 800 deaths. The figures showed a steady climb during the first ten days. On April 10, there were 5000 COVID-19 related deaths in the USA. The number of deaths shot up to 30000 within the next five days, from April 15 to April 20. The numbers doubled up from what they were on April 15. From April 20 to April 25, the time-period showed the maximum increase in the number of deaths, 20000. They rocketed to 50000 on April 25. The same story continued till May 2, when the recorded number of COVID-19 related deaths rose to more than 68000.
Overall, the number of deaths caused by COVID-19 demonstrated a geometric progression. Due to unseen reasons the spread couldn’t be controlled in the initial stages. On April 1, the number was just 800. With the passage of time COVID-19 became more uncontrollable and fatal.

Question. Given below is a chart showing the impact of Covid 19 on the jobs of a group of people in the Non- Corporate sector of Kerala during the initial months of the outbreak of Covid 19.Write an analytical paragraph in about 100 to 120 words.

Answer. Covid 19 has paved way for large scale job loss in the Non-Corporate sector of Kerala.While April was the most affected month as far as both Malayalis and Migrants were concerned,the months of May, June and July saw a gradual decline.In the month of April,73percent of Malayalis became jobless ,while the Migrants recorded 81 percent. Around 20 percent and 10 percent reduction in job loss can be seen in the month of May among Malayalis and Migrants respectively ,recording 51 percent among Malayalis and 69 percent among Migrants. The trend continued in the next two months in the sense that there was a decline in the numbers as far as Malayalis were concerned and only a very gradual decline as far as the Migrants were concerned.From the 51 percent reflected in May, the Malayalis incurred a job loss of 29 percent in June whereas the Migrants incurred a loss of 54 percent as compared to 69 in the month of May.In July The Malayalis were seen to have incurred a loss of 25 percent compared to the Migrants who incurred an increased loss of 55 percent.Though both the groups were affected, the Migrants can be said to be the worst-hit by the pandemic.

Question. Below is a graph given showing birth and death rates in a country from 1901 to 2101. Write an analytical paragraph in about 100 to 120 words.

Answer. The graph shows birth and death rates starting from 1901 till 2101.Since 1901, the birth rate has remained more than the death rate until 2041. Birth rate was 20000 in 1901 and started increasing gradually. It peaked in 1961 to around 65000. From 1961, birth rate has fluctuated multiple times between 50000 and 60000. It is expected to decline for the coming years reaching approximately 42000 by 2101.On the other hand, the death rate stood at around 10000 in 1901 and then has increased steadily. It is expected to rise strikingly from 2021 before leveling off to approximately 60000 between 2061 and 2081. The graph indicates a slight decline in deaths in the year 2101.The graph shows the huge gap between birth rate and death during 1961 to 2001. However, this gap is expected to reduce in the later years. Overall, as opposed to the prevailing trends, the death rate will be more than the birth rate in the later half of the 21st century.

Question. The chart below gives the percentage of social media users by age in Jamestown in 2018. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Write at least 120 words.

Answer. The given pie chart provides information about the proportion of people using digital networking according to the age group for James town in the year 2018.In terms of the most significant feature of the chart, the largest category of digital communicators was the group aged 13 to 25, which accounted for 40% of the total users. In addition, the next important segment of the population using social media, was those aged between 26 and 35. This group’s contribution was slightly lower at 35%. Moreover, added together, these two categories made up more than half of all those who used social media platforms in 2018, in Jamestown. They accounted for the vast majority of users, at 75%.

Question. The maps below show the village of Stokeford in 1930 and 2010.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant in about 100 to 120 words.

Answer. The maps below show the village of Stokeford in 1930 and 2010. The two maps illustrate how the village of Stokeford, situated on the east bank of the River Stoke, changed over an 80 year period from 1930 to 2010. There was considerable development of the settlement over these years and it was gradually transformed from a small rural village into a largely residential area. The most notable change is the presence of housing in 2010 on the areas that were farmland back in 1930. New roads were constructed on this land and many residential properties built. In response to the considerable increase in population, the primary school was extended to around double the size of the previous building. While the post office remained as a village amenity, the two shops that can be seen to the north-west of the school in 1930, no longer existed by 2010, having been replaced by houses. There also used to be an extensive property standing in its own large gardens situated to the south-east of the school. At some time between 1930 and 2010, this was extended and converted into a retirement home. This was another significant transformation for the village.

Points to remember :

1. Start each line from the left hand margin.
2. Follow the proper format of the letter.

Format of the Format letter :
a) Sender’s Address (2 to 3 Lines)
b) Leave a line
c) Write the date like May 16, 2012
d) Leave a line
e) Write receiver’s post and address (3 to 4 lines)
f) Leave a line
g) Write the subject and underline the subject. The initial alphabet of each key word of the subject will be a capital letter.
h) Leave a line
i) Write the salutation like respected sir/madam,
j) Don’t put any punctuation mark at the end of the line of the format.

3. Generally the letter has four paragraphs.
4. In the first paragraph, write the introduction by introducing the subject.
5. In the second paragraph, write the content of the letter/problems and effects/ causes of the problem etc.6
. In the third paragraph, write the solution you want from the concerned authority.
7. In the fourth paragraph, show your obligation to the authority.
8. Conclude the letter by writing “Thanking you” in a separate line followed by “your faithfully” and name in separate lines.

Solved Example (Letter to the Editor)

Q.1. You are Himanshi Jaggi living at 1652, Outram lines, Delhi54.The redidents of your area are facing lots of inconvenience due to poor maintenance of the public park of your locality. Write a letter to the editor of a local daily drawing the attention of the concerned higher authorities towards the problem and requesting them to solve it.
Ans. 1652 outram Lines
Delhi59
May 16, 2012
The Editor
The Hindustan Times
K.G. Marg,
New Delhi110001
Subject : About Poor maintenance of the Public Park of our locality.
Respected Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to express my serious concern on the poor maintenance of the public park of our locality.
The public park of our area is in a pathetic conditon. The gardeners are not regular and the plants are not pruned regularly as a result of which, the park gives an ugly look. The park has become a thoroughfare stray animals as there is not any gate at the entrance of the park. Even the anti social elements gather in the park in the evening making it difficult for the women folk to have a walk in the evening. Our regular complaints to the local authorities have failed to bring any change in the situation.
Therefore, I would like to request the concerned higher authorities to improve the condition of the park for the convenience of the local residents.
I shall be hghly obliged to you for publishing my letter in your newspaper.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Himanshi Jaggi

Solved Example (Letter to the Principal)

Q.2. You are Megha Singh, a student of classXC of R.P.V.V., Civil Lines,Delhi54 write an application to the principal of your school requesting her/ him to provide remedial classes of English after the school hours.
Ans. R.P.V.V., Civil Lines,
Delhi110054
May 16, 2012
The Principal
V.P.V.V., Civil Lines
Delhi110054
Subject : Request for remedial classes in English.
Respected Ma’am/Sir
With due regards, I want to bring to your kind notice that I am a regular student of class XC of your school.
The students of class XC
are facing some difficulties in English and particularly in grammar section. The students need some remedial classes in english to have more time for practising grammar and writing section. They need to have more classes to understand basics of grammar which will be helpful in developing the understanding of the language.
Therefore, I request you kindly to arrange remidial classes of English for our benefit I shall be highly obliged to you for your true concern.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Megha Singh
XC

Solved Example (Informal Letter)

Q. 3 You are Abhinav Shankar living at 10, Rajpur Road, Delhi110054.Write a letter to your friend living in Hyderabad telling him about your visit to International Book Fair 2012 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.
Ans. 10, Rajpur Road,
Delhi0110054
May 16, 2012
Dear Rachit
Hope this letter finds you in the best of your spirits. I am also doing fine here. I want to share with you my experience of the International Book Fiar, 2012. An International Book Fair was organised at the Pragati Maidan in February, 2012. I went to the Book Fair on Sunday with my friends. I was amazed to see so many publishers from all around the world displaying books on practically all the topics and areas of studies. I went to the literature section which had wonderful collection of novels and short stories. I purchased 10 novels and 15 collections of short stories. I also met the famous novelist Ruskin Bond. It was really an exciting visit and I enjoyed it thoroughly. I hope that you will also come next year to visit the book fair. Waiting for your earliest response.
Yours truly
Abhinav Shankar

Solved Example (email)

Q.4. You are Prashant Chikara. Write an email to the editor of the Times of India expressing your concern on growing incidents of road rage in Delhi.
Use the proper format of an email.
Ans. From : prashant_chikara@yahoo.com
To : editor@timesofindia.com
Subject : Regarding growing incidents of Road Rage in Delhi.
Message :
Respected Sir
This email is regarding rowing incidents of road rage in Delhi. Every nowandthen, we come across the news of road rage where people start fighting on the roads on trivial issue.People are over stressed these days and their frustration is offen displayed when they start fighting on the matter of a small collision or on the matter of pressing horn or even on the issue of parking. Generally, the fight starts verbally which turns into a physical fight leading to even the death of a person. Many incidnets of death due to road rage have been reported so far and, so, it needs the attention of everyone. The government should start a large scale campaign to educate and make people aware about the outcome of a road rage. The government should come forward with strict legal provisions to stop incidents of the road rage. I hope that the government will take some solid steps to make the Delhi roads safe to travel.
With regards
Prashant Chikara

Article Writing
Points to Remember :
1) Write the headline in the center of the page.
2) Write the name of the person writing the article in the center of second line.
3) Start Writing the article from the left hand margine after leaving a gap of
one line from the writer’s name.
4) Write about three paragraphs.
4) Write about three paragraphs.
5) In the first paragraph, give a general introduction of the topic.
6) In the second paragraph, write on the topic and its effect of impact
7) In the third paragraph, give your suggestions and remember that your suggestions should be practical and acceptable.

Solved Examples

Q. 1 You are Nidhi, a member of “Environment Club” of your school. Write an article on “Need of Afforestation” in the present day world.
Ans. Afforestation : The Need of the Hour
[An article by Nidhi)
We are living in the modern age of development where we have left everything behind in the mad race of development. The race of development has made us take the mother earth for granted and as a result, we have started cutting the trees mindlessly to meet our present requirements. Threes are considered to be the “Powerhouse of Evolution” and they are helpful to in a many ways. They not only provide us fresh oxygen but, they also reduce pollution absorbing carbon from the atmosphare. They are helpful in reducing global warming, besides, they are the constant source for furniture, paper, medicines, firewood, etc. It’s a matter of great concern that the trees are cut in large numbers for human settlements, papers and fire wood. If the present trend of cutting trees is not checked then we will have to face dire consequences.
It is, thus, the need of the hour that we should plant more and more trees.
The government should start a largescale campaign to make people aware about the importance of trees. like the literaly campaign of “Each one Teach one”, it should be the prime duty of everyone to “Plant a true on his/her birthday.”

Speech and Debate Writing

Points to remember :
1) Greet the chief guest, teachers, fellow speakers and the present students/ audience.
2) Introduce yourself and mention the topic on which you have to speak on.
3) In the case of debate, mention clearly whether your are speaking in the favour of the topic or against the topic.
4) In the second paragraph write in details about the topic and its impact or effect on the common man or society at large.
5) In the case of debate, dont try to have a “Middle approach”. Be clear in your presenttation.
6) Conclude the debate or speech in the third paragraph by giving your conclusion or suggestion.
7) Thank the audience at the last.

Solved Examples

Q. 1 You are Humada Khan, a student of class XA of RPVV, Rajniwas Marg.
Write a speech in about 120 words on the topic “CCE a boon for students.”
Ans. Good morning hon’ble principal, respected teachers and my dear friends!
I am Humada Khan of XA and I am feeling privileged to have been given a chance to share my views on the topic “CCE – A boon for students.”
I often wonder why CBSE felt the need to introduce “Continuous and comprehensive Evaluation” system in class IX and class X. When I look back, I find the old education system to be strange as the whole yearls hard work was to be assessed by an exam of three hours only.

If, unfortunately, something wrong happened before or during the exam the whole year’s hard work was wasted. Thanks to CCE, now the students get a chance to get evaluated all around the year. The new system has enabled the students to improve their performances through different activities of FAS. The system also works for the overall development of a child as it is designed to improve all the basic skills related to “LSRW.” Now, the students are also getting chances to come at front and they are also getting chances of assessment through peer assessment and self assessment. The best part of the system is that the students are free from the terror and tension of the “Board Examination.”
Although, there are few who criticise the new system for different reasons but, those points of criticism would be removed in the near future. Hence, we should welcome the new system.
Thank you.

Q. 2 You are Anand, a student of class X of SV, Sector VI, Rohini. Write a debate favouring the topic “Internet a boon for students.”
Ans. Good morning hon’ble judges and dear friends!
I am Anand of class X and I take this opportunity to express my views on the topic “Internet – A room for students” and I stand here to support the motion.
We are living in the modern age of information and any information is just a click away thanks to internet which has revolutionsed the world of information. If a student wants to get any information about any area of studies, everything is available on the site. Thanks to sites like “Google,”
“Wikipedia,” “yahoo search,” etc, we get the desired information within seconds. Even the social networking sites like “Facebook” and “Tweeter”
connect us with our friends all around the world.
There are few who criticise the internet for providing immoral materials on the net. But then, it’s a matter of choice and it is upto us to decide what we want to get from the net. Hence, I personally feel that internet is a boon in our life and the only need of the hours in that we must make sensible use of it.
Thank you.

6. “SHORT COMPOSITIONS”
REPORT WRITING
DIALOGUE
STORY
Total marks : 03
Content : 02
Expression : 01

Report Writing
Points to remember :
1) Write the headline of the report in the first line in the center of the page.
2) Write the name of the person writing the report at the center of the second line.
3) Take a gap of one line and start writing the report from the extreme left of the fourth line.
4) Mention three information about ‘what’, ‘whey’ and ‘where’ in the first sentence.
5) Describle the event in past tense. Take care of the word limit so, mention the necessary details only.
6) Don’t leave the report incomplete. Concluding line is a must in every kind of report.

Solved Example

Q. 1 You are Gurmeet Kaur, the Cultural Secretary of RPVV, Civil Lines, Draft a report of the inter class Solo Dance Competition held in your school in about 80 words.

Solo Dance Competition held
(A report by Gurmeet Kaur)
RPVV, Civil Line organised an inter class Solo Dance Competition for the students of classes IX to XII in the school auditorium on 15th February, 2012 at 10 a.m. the famous dancer Sonal Man Singh was the judge for the competition.
About 10 participants from different classes participated. Out of which seven participants presented traditionned Indian Dances. Tamanna Singh of class IXA
was declared winner of the competition for her outstanding Kathak Dance. The judge praised the students a lot for their wonderful performances. The trophies and cash prizes were given to the first three winners by the judge.... The competition ended successfully with the thanks giving speech of the principal who thanked both the judge and the participants for making the competition a success

DIALOGUE WRITING

1. Imagine you visited your friend to know about his health as he had been ill for a week. He gave the following answers complete the dialogue by writing the questions you asked your friend.

Q. a) _________________________________?
Ans. I am feeling much better now.

Q. b) _________________________________?
Ans. I was admitted to AIIMS for five days for treatment.

Q. c) _________________________________?
Ans. I had the problem of severe stomach ache

Q. d) _________________________________?
Ans. One of my parents looked after me there.

Q. e) _________________________________?
Ans. I shall join school day after tomorrow.

Q. f) _________________________________?
Ans. No, with my father.

2. Suppose you and your friend participated in debate competition. Your school principal wants you to tell about it. You gave the following answers. Complete the dialogue by writing the questions asked by your principal.

Q. a) ________________________?
Ans. I fared well in this competition.

Q. b) _________________________________?
Ans. About 10 schools participated in it.

Q. c) _________________________________?
Ans. Luckily, our school’s team got first position.

3. Imagine you went to market to buy some books yesterday. After reaching home your father asked you about the visit and purchase of books. Your answers are given below. Complete the dialogue by writing the questions asked by your father.

Q. a) ___________________________?
Ans. I went to Nai Sarak, Delhi.

Q. b) ___________________________?
Ans. On my own Motorbike.

Q. c) ___________________________?
Ans. I spent more than fifteen hundred.

4. There is the following conversation between two friends. Complete the dialogue with suitable answers.

Sumit :Where are you going carrying a basket containing flowers and scents?
Amit : a) __________________________
Sumit :Which particular god or goddess do you have deep faith in?
Amit : b) __________________________
Sumit :Do you go for worshipping daily or occassionally?
Amit : c) __________________________.