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Worksheet for Class 8 Social Science Our Past III Chapter 9 The Making of the National Movement1870s--1947
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Class 8 Social Science Worksheet for Our Past III Chapter 9 The Making of the National Movement1870s--1947
NATIONAL MOVEMENT
1. Dadabhai Naoroji, organized the East India Association in London to influence British public opinion to promote Indian welfare.
2. The first session of the Indian National Congress at Bombay in December, 1885. It was presided over by W.C.Banerjee.
3. V.D. Savarkar has organized the Abhinava Bharat which was a popular secret society of revolutionaries.
4. In June 1914, the first world war broke out.
5. Jawaharlal Nehru was made the president of the congress at the historic Lahore session of 1929.
6. The British Government sent a Cabinet Mission in March 1946 to negotiate with Indian leaders the terms for transfer of power to Indians.
7. In September 1946, an interim cabinet, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru was formed by the congress.
8. Lord Mountbatten was sent as the last viceroy in March 1947.
9. Lord Curzan divided the province of Bengal into two parts.
Important Notes on Non-Cooperation Movement :->
Causes for the Non-Cooperation Movement :-
1. Khilafat Movement :
-Turkey Ottoman empire attack ( 1 World War ) so Indian Muslims started a powerful agitation known as Khilafat Movement
-Ali brothers (Mohammed Ali & Shaukat Ali ),Maulana Azad ,Hakim Ajmal Khan & Hasrat Mohani.
(-Khilafatists -three points programme
1. Ottoman Caliph should retain his empire
2. Caliph power to be returned
3. Arab lands under Muslim rule.)
-Khilafat Day observed on Oct 17,1919
Gandhiji was elected as the president of All India Khilafat Conference.
-People resigned the government jobs ,foreign goods were picketed,students boycotted schools & colleges, hartals & demonstrations were held.
-Ali Brothers were arrested.
2. Rowlatt Act :-
The bill which was passed on March 1919 authorised the Government to imprison any person without trial & convict him in the court
1. Arrest a person without warrant.
2. In camera trial
3. Restriction on movement of the individuals
4. Suspension on the right of the Habeas Corpus.
3. Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy:
-Jallianwala Bagh ,Amritsar -April 13,1919
-against the arrest of Dr.Saifuddin Kitchlu & Dr.Satya Pal
-under the command of General Dyer troops kept on firing till their ammunition were exhausted
-one thousand innocent demontraters were killed & many were wounded
-British made a half-hearted attempt at constitutional reforms but refused to annul the Rowlatt Act & make amends for the atrocities of Punjab
Objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement :-
1. Attain Self-government
2. Anullment of the Rowlatt Act & Remedying of the Punjab Wrong.
3. Remedying the Khilafat Wrong.
Programmes:-
Boycott :
Boycott of government schools colleges ,courts & foreign goods
Boycott the elections to be held for the Councils suggested by the reforms of 1919 and resignation from nominated seats in local bodies
Also surrendered the titles & honorary offfices & refused to attend Government functions
Swadeshi :
Popularisation of Swadeshi & Khadi
Establishment 0f national schools & colleges & Panchayats all over India
Development of Unity between Hindus & Muslims
Removal of untouchability & other measures for Harijan welfare
Emancipation & upliftment of women
Suspension of the Non -cooperation movement :
Chauri-Chaura :- ( tragedy of Chauri -Chaura )
-a village in Gorakhpur District in UP -Feb5 , 1922 .
-3,000 peasants marched to the police station. ( to protest against the police officer who had beaten a volunteer during picketing a liquor shop )
-police fired – infuriated the demonstrators & they set the police station in fire
-22 policemen died -violent in other parts also.
-Gandhiji who believed in Ahimsa was shocked & withdrawn the movement.
-severely criticized
Impact of the Non-cooperation movement:-
1. The National Movement became a mass movement
2. Instilled confidence among the people
3. The Congress became a revolutionary movement
4. Fostered Hindu-Muslim unity.
5. Promoted social reforms
6. Spread nationalism to every part of the country
7. Popularised the cult of Swaraj
Factors leading to Civil Disobedience movement:-
Simon Commission :-
-nov 1927,-appointed Simon Commission – to investigate the need for future constitutional reforms.
-seven British members -no Indian
-violation of the principle of self-determination and a deliberate insult to the self-respect to the Indians.
-Madras session (1927 ) -Dr.Ansari -boycott the commission
-Muslim League & Hindu Mahasabha decided to cooperate
-feb 3,-commission reached Bombay-AII INDIA HARTAL
-“Simon go back “
Declaration of Poorna Swaraj :-
-Calcutta session of Congress – served as an ultimatum to the British government to accept the Nehru Report or face a mass movement
-1929 Nehru (President)
- passed a resolution of Poorna Swaraj ( complete independence )
-midnight of Dec 31,1929
- banks of the river Ravi at Lahore.
Civil Disobedience Movement :-
Dandi March :-
-12th march ,1930 Mahatma Gandhi ---Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi ,a village on the Gujarat sea coast.
-number of people joined
- 6TH march, Gandhiji violated the salt law by picking up a some salt left by the sea waves .
-to attack the salt laws ( salt tax affected all sections of the society )
- breaking the salt law is the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement .
Programmes of the movement:
Civil Disobedience Movement involved :-
1. Defiance of the salt laws
2. Boycott of liquor
3. Boycott of foreign cloth & British goods of all kinds
4. Non-payment of taxes & revenues.
Round Table Conference :-
First Round Table Conference :-
Gandhi Irwin Pact :
Government agreed:
1. Withdraw all ordinances & prosecutions
2. Release all political prisoners , except those who are guilty of war.
3. Permit peaceful picketing of liquor & all foreign cloth shops
4. Restore the confiscated properties of the satyagrahis.
5. Permit the free collection and the manufacture of salt by persons near the sea coast.
Congress agreed :
1. To suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement
2. To participate in the second session of the Round Table Conference
3. Not to press investigation into police excesses.
Second Round Table Conference :-
-attended by Gandhiji , according to the Gandhiji-Irwin Pact.
-deadlocked by the minorities issue with separate electorate not only Muslims but also Depressed Classes, Indian Christians ,Anglo-Indians and Europeans.
-question Of Independence or setting up a responsible government remained
-British government refused immediate grant of Dominion status
Impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement :
1. caused a tide of patriotic fervour in the country
2. widened the base of freedom struggle
3. understand the significance of non- violence
4. popularised new methods of propaganda like Prabhat Pheris, Vanara Sena & Manjari Sena
5. changes in the social conditions like entry into temples ,access to wells also women were out of their homes & became the partners of freedom struggle
6. basic constitutional reforms are necessary
7. revived the will to fight the elections 1937 Congress achieved the positive results in the elections
Second Phase Of The Indian National Movement
Scheme of Partition:-
July 20th ,1905 Lord Curzon (announced )
October 16,1905 ( implemented )
1. BENGAL -proper Bengal -Bihar & Odisha (54 million ) Calcutta -capital
2. EASTERN BENGAL & ASSAM – eastern districts of Bengal proper & Assam ( 31 million ) Dacca -capital.
Causes of the Partition of Bengal :-
A) Nerve centre of Indian Nationalism.
B) By creating minorities issue.
C) Eastern Bengal – Muslim majority
western Bengal- Hindu majority
Anti-Partition Movement :-(August 7 ,1905)
1. People’s reaction:-
2. Partition observed as National Mourning Day
3. Bande Mataram – theme song of the National movement
4. Amar Sonar Bangla -sung by huge crowds parading the streets
5. Raksha Bandhan – Hindus & Muslims tied rachis (unbreakable unity )
Impact of Anti-Partition Movement (Aug,7, 1905):-
1. Accelerated the National Movement
2. Swadeshi & Boycott popularized .
3. Lost faith in British Fair play.
4. Backfired the plans of Curzon.
Surat Split , 1907 :-
Assertive Nationalists (AN ) wanted Swadeshi & Boycott to extend – Early Nationalists not accepted
Sank the differences worked together for Partition of Bengal.
DISARGUMENT OVER THE CANDIDATURE OF THE PRESIDENT
Assertive Nationalists Early Nationalists
Kolkata session (1906 )
Dadabhai Naoroji
Assertive Nationalists Early Nationalists
Surat session ( Dec1907 )
Lala Lajpat Rai Rashbehari Ghosh
Utter confusion- AN expelled – 9 years
British – Concession & Repression
THE ASSERTIVE NATIONALISTS :-
Causes for the rise of Assertive Nationalists :-
1. Recognition of the true nature of the British.
2. Failure of the Early Nationalists
3. Worsening economic conditions
4. Growing consciousness among Indians
5. Need for Mass action
6. Influence of International events
7. Growth of Education & Unemployment
8. Ill-treatment of Indians abroad.
9. Existence of a Nationalist School of thought
10. Repressive policies of Lord Curzon.
1. the act of 1898- offence to provoke people against the British.
2.The Calcutta Corporation Act 1899 reduce the strength of elected members from India.
3.The Official Secrets Act
4.The Indian Universities Act 1904
11. Partition of Bengal.
Main Objectives :-
Immediate atttainment of SWARAJ (complete independence ) & not just self-government .
Methods of Assertive Nationalists :-
- Swadeshi
- Boycott.
- National Education:-
-National scheme of Education was planned to replace Govt. controlled Universities & collages
-large number of National schools in East Bengal,Bengal National College, Kolkata, Pachaiyappa National College, Chennai & D.A.V Movement ,Punjab.
Passive Resistance
Revivalism
Personal Sacrifice
Mass involvement
Achievements of the Early Nationalists:-
-inculcate national pride by extolling India’s past.
-new slogan-non-cooperation, passive resistance ,mass agitation & self-reliable.
-spoke , wrote & edited newspapers in Vernacular languages.
-infused the spirit of Nationalism - hallowness in fair play.
-Self-reliance promoted,. (Jamshedji Tata Iron & Steel Industry - Bengal Chemical Works & Rabindranath Tagore ,Swadeshi Bhandar.)
-total freedom from British rule
-new educational institutions were setup
-Partition of Bengal annulled in 1911.
LEADERS OF ASSERTIVE NATIONALISM :-
Bal Gangadhar Tilak:(1856-1920 )
Father of Assertive Nationalism.
-first one to declare the demand for SWARAJ (“Swaraj is my birth right & I shall have it. “)
-he shifted petitions to demands for political rights
-organised Akharas & lathi clubs to inculcate courage ,self-defence & patriotism.
-preached Nationalism-Ganapati festival(1893 )
-1895 Shivaji festival to encourage young Maharastrians
-Mahratta (English) & Kesari (Marathi )( newspaper)-preached nationalism & people to be courageous & self-reliant
-Gita Rahasya & The Artic Homes of the Vedas(books )
-established Home Rule League in Pune (1916 )- attain self-government within the British empire by constitutional means (1916) Forerunner of Gandhiji.
Bipin Chandra Pal :-
Father of Revolutionary thought in India
Worked as journalist in Bengal Public Opinion, The Tribune & New India to propagate the brand of Nationalism
National Education to be the base of the freedom movement
National Education would arouse patriotic feelings & also an instrument to social progress
Social & Economic reforms:-
-opposed caste system, advocated widow remarriage & educating women
-stressed in the indigenous development of the industries & supported Swadeshi & Boycott
-established equality in society, wanted to tax the rich than poor & demanded 48 hours of work.
LALA LAJPAT RAI:-
-an educationalist & a forceful writer, he started a monthly magazine ‘Young India’ (USA) which inspired the Indian youth ,kindled the fire of Nationalism in spreading the message of attaining Swaraj
-publications included The call to India ,England’s debt to India & The political future of India.
-founded Punjabi,Vande Mataram (Urdu Daily ) &People (English weekly )
-book -National Education regarding the reform of the prevalent Education system
-associated to Arya Samaj Movement also instrumental in the expansion of D.A.V
-opened orphanages, hospitals & schools setup Servants of the Peoples Society for the welfare of the downtrodden & the outcastes.
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Question. When Gandhi broke the salt law at Dandi, who welcomed him with the words 'Law breaker - you're welcomed'
(A) Pt. Nehru
(B) Sarojini Naidu
(C)Anibesant
(D) None of the above
Answer.B
Question. With how many followers Gandhi completed his Dandi March ?
(A) 75
(B) 57
(C) 78
(D) 801
Answer.C
Question. Underwhose leadership the army denied to fire on freedom fighters at Peshawar in 1930 ?
(A) Mohan Singh
(B) Chandan Singh Gadhwali
(C) Subhash Chandra Bose
(D) None of the above
Answer.B
Question. For which incident, Dr. Rajendra prasad used the words 'A marrige without groom' .
(A) First Round Table Conference
(B) Second Round Table Conference
(C) Third Round Table Conference
(D) Gandhi-Irwin pact
Answer.A
Question. Who presented the August praposals ?
(A) Wavel
(B) Irwin
(C) Linlithgo
(D) Mountbatten
Answer.D
Question. The ryotwari settlement was made with the :
(A) The zamindars
(B) The cultivators
(C) The village communities
(D) The muqaddams
Answer.B
Question.The theory of the early British rulers that the Company, as the owner of agricultural land, was entitled to the whole of the'economic rent' derived its support from :
(A) The Theory of Surplus Value
(B) The Agio Theory of Interest
(C) Keynes' Theory of Income and Employment
(D) The Ricardian Theory of Rent
Answer.D
Question. The main reason for the permanent indebtedness of the peasantry was :
(A) False accounting
(B) Forged signatures
(C) Making the debtor sign for larger amounts than he had borrowed
(D) High rate of interest on loans
Answer.D
Question. Which of the following was not one of the reasons for the spurt in the demand for Indian cotton goods in England to such an extent that the Indian calicoes emerged as the biggest item of the Company's imports from India ?
(A) Change in English fashions and modes of dress
(B) Improvement in the quality of goods on account of introduction of superior variety of cotton
(C) Abolition of import duties on them in England (1685)
(D) The prohibition of imports from France (1688)
Answer.B
Question. An Indian mercantile class, which almost completely vanished on account of the British economic policies and commercial practices of the Europeans in India, was :
(A) Freighttraders
(B) Sugar manufacturers
(C) Bankers
(D) Brokers
Answer.C
Question. Whom did the British monopoly over internal trade benefit the most ?
(A) The Company
(B) The employees of the Company
(C) The British government
(D) The gomashtas or the Company's servants
Answer.B
Question. The extension of the cultivation of indigo, cotton, opium, tea, and coffee in India, besides benefiting the British planters, also benefited -.
(A) The zamindars
(B) The small merchants
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) The Indian bankers
Answer.C
Question. The root of the poverty of the people of India during the British rule was that:
(A) All economic resources of India were at the mercy of the British
(B) Indian economy had been bound to the colonial interests
(C) Agriculture remained almost the sole occupation of the masses.
(D) Foreign capital flowed into all branches of India's economic life
Answer.C
Question. The British industrial policy in India has been rightly called as the policy of :
(A) "Stagnated Growth"
(B) "De-industrialisation
(C) "Colonisation of Economy'
(D) "Monopolised Europeanisation
Answer.B
Question. According to Karl Marx, the British economic policies "caused a social revolution in Hindustan" which was the consequence of :
(A) The destruction of co-operative living in the rural areas
(B) The western ideas of competition and market economy
(C) The emergence of a middle class which prospered on account of the British policies
(D) AIl the above
Answer.D
Question. In the ryotwari areas, the value of land declined appreciably because :
(A) All peasant cultivators were declared owners of land
(B) Instead of cultivation, sale of land was an easierway of sustenance
(C) The rate of land revenue was excessive
(D) The methods of collection of revenue were so harshas to make the ownership of land highly undesirable
Answer.D
Question. The modern Indian middle class owed its birth to :
(A) The struggle between the ruling class and the proletariat
(B) The political upheavals in the country on account of the disintegration of the Mughal empire
(C) European enterprise in India resulting in the growth of a new working class and urban revolution
(D) Industrialisation
Answer.C
Question. The worst effect of the law, relating to sub-in-feudation of zamindari rights in British India, was
(A) The rapid increase in the value of landed property
(B) The land became an objective of speculative investment and source of profit to the moneyed class
(C) The land lost its importance as a source of production and livelihood to the cultivators
(D) Both (B) and (C) above
Answer.D
Question. Who said "The British rule was a bleeding transform India" ?
(A) Dadabhai Naoroji
(B) M.G. Ranade
(C) R.C. Dutt
(D) B.C. Pal
Answer.A
Question. India became a classic British colony when
(A) She was brought under the British Crown
(B) She was thrown open to British Capital investment
(C) Indian village economy was completely dismantled
(D) The conservative and reactionary elements became the major beneficiaries of British economic policies
Answer.A
Question. Increasing exports from India led to further Drain of Wealth because the exports :
(A) Did not lead to the growth of India's material wealth
(B) Were used to meet the Home Charges and surviving of public debts
(C) Were the further sources of Drain of Wealth
(D) Were all the above
Answer.C
Question. The unique contribution of Rani Gaidinliu's Naga movement was that :
(A) She gave considerable support to the Indian National Army (INA)
(B) It was the only nationalist movement by the tribals of the North-east
(C) For thefirst time the tribals of the North-east demanded autonomy
(D) She integrated the tribal movement with the Civil Disobedience movement
Answer.D
Question. Lord Dalhousie's single measure, which went a long way in spreading the Revolt of 1857, was
(A) Annexation of native states on the plea of mismanagement
(B) Introduction of railway, post, and telegraph
(C) Stopping or reducing the pensions of former Indian rulers
(D) Indiscriminate application of the Doctrine of Lapse
Answer.D
Question. Which of the following logistic factors did not facilitate the outbreak of mutiny among the sepoys ?
(A) The great disparity in numbers between European and India troops
(B) The ratillery was in most cases controlled by Indians
(C) The distribution of troops was also defective
(D) England was then engaged in several extra-Indian wars which sorely taxed her resources
Answer.B
Question. With the capture of which of the following rebels in April 1858 could the revolt be said to have ended ?
(A) Kunwar Singh
(B) Nana Saheb
(C) Tanta Tope
(D) Begum Hazrat Mahat of Awadh
Answer.A
Question. Which of the following was the chief organiser of the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar ?
(A) AmarSingh
(B) Kunwar Singh
(C) Pir Ali
(D) Imaduddin
Answer.B
Question. The most fundamental weakness of the Revolt of 1857 was that :
(A) It lacked a planning, programme, and funds
(B) The rebels failed tounderst and the significance of contemporary scientific advancements
(C) The entire movement lacked a modern, unified, and forward-looking programme
(D) There was no understanding of the character of the enemy's political organisation among the rebels
Answer.C
Question. The resistance of British rule during the early phase up to 1857 took three broad forms. Which of the following was not one of them ?
(A) Constitutional agitation
(B) Civil rebellions
(C) Tribal uprisings
(D) Peasant movements and agrarian uprisings
Answer.A
Question. The uprising of the Bhils, an aboriginal tribe of Khandesh andAurangabad, during the first half of the nineteenth century, took place on account of :
(A) The devastation of the region by Maratha wars
(B) The Pindari depredations
(C) The famine in the Deccan
(D) AII the above
Answer.D
Question. Which of the following consequences of the British rule did not affect the Muslim middle classes ?
(A) The tyranny of the British indigo planters
(B) The disbandment of the Nawab's forces
(C) The abolition of the rural police
(D) The resumption of in am lands which provided sustenance to the learned
Answer.C
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Worksheet for CBSE Social Science Class 8 Our Past III Chapter 9 The Making of the National Movement1870s--1947
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