CBSE Class 11 Economics Infrastructure Worksheet

MCQ Questions for NCERT Class 11 Economics Infrastructure in India

Question: Which of the following statements is incorrect with regards to infrastructure? 
(a) Infrastructure contributes to economic development.
(b) Infrastructure provides support service.
(c) All infrastructural facilities have a direct impact on the production of goods and services.
(d) Inadequate infrastr ucture can have multiple adverse effects on health.

Answer: C

Question:  Match the following 

Codes
      A      B       C       
(a) (i)   (ii)      (iii)
(b) (iii)  (ii)      (i)
(c) (ii)   (i)      (iii)
(d) (i)   (iii)     (ii)

Answer: B

Question: Which of the given statement(s) explain the relevance of infrastructure?
(a) Modern agriculture is highly dependent on infrastructural facilities
(b) Infrastructure helps in increasing productivity of factors of production
(c) It helps in improving quality of life of people 
(d) All of the above

Answer: D

Question: Indian system of medicine comprises of …… systems.
(a) three
(b) four
(c) five
(d) six

Answer: D

Question: Which of the following programmes was launched in 2006 with the objective of correcting regional imbalances in provision of healthcare?
(a) Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana
(b) National Rural Health Mission
(c) Janani Suraksha Yojna
(d) Integrated Disease Surveillance

Answer: D

Question: The structure which contributes directly to the  Infrastructure in India economic process within the system of production and distribution is known as
(a) Social infrastructure
(b) Political infrastructure
(c) Technological infrastructure
(d) Economic infrastructure

Answer: D

Question: Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) Social infrastructure directly contributes in the production activities.
(b) ‘Jail Cost of Living’ index was introduced by Amartya Sen.
(c) Poverty line of rural areas has been set below poverty line of urban areas.
(d) India’s infant mortality rate is higher than that of Bangladesh.

Answer: D  

Question: Health infrastructure includes..... .
(a) nurses
(b) pharmaceutical industries
(c) doctors
(d) All of these

Answer: D

Question: Infrastructure contributes to economic development of the country through…… .
(a) improving the quality of life.
(b) raising the productivity of factors of production.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Answer: C

Question: Write the correct pair. 8 table
 

Codes
(a) A-(i)
(b) B-(ii)
(c) C-(iii)
(d) D-(iv)

Answer: B

Question: Which of the following comes under the purview of primary healthcare system in India?
(a) Immunisation, proper nutrition and health education
(b) Surgery, research and specialised healthcare
(c) X-rays and ECG
(d) All of the above

Answer: A

Question: Write the correct pair.  

Codes
(a) A-(i)
(b) B-(ii)
(c) C-(iii)
(d) None of these

Answer: C 

Question: Morbidity is defined as …… .
(a) proneness to fall ill
(b) high infant mortality rate
(c) high maternal mortality rate
(d) low life expectancy rate

Answer: A

Question: Which plan is to provide at least one community health worker for every village at a norm of 1,000 population?
(a) JSY
(b) National Health Programme
(c) NRHM
(d) IDPS

Answer: A

Question: Vaccination, proper diet, promotion of food supply,sanitation, maternal and child healthcare, provision of essential drugs, etc. health services are provided by ............. in India.
(a) primary healthcare system
(b) secondary healthcare system
(c) tertiary healthcare system
(d) All of the above

Answer: A

Question: Which of the given state is not lagging behind in terms of healthcare system?
(a) Kerala
(b) Bihar
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d)Madhya Pradesh

Answer: A

Question: Which of the following is not a function of primary health care?
(a) Spreading education concerning prevailing health problems
(b) Promoting food supply and proper nutrition
(c) Conducting research
(d) Providing essential drugs

Answer: C 

Question: AYUSH is a part of Indian systems of medicine. It does not include ............. .
(a) Allopathy
(b) Naturopathy
(c) Homeopathy
(d) Ayurveda

Answer: A

Assertion-Reasoning MCQs

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Question:  Assertion (A) It is imperative to develop the status of both social and economic infrastructure.
Reason (R) It enhances overall productivity and expands the dimensions of economic development.

Answer: B

Question:  Assertion (A) Economic infrastructure and social infrastructure are interdependent on each other.
Reason (R) Infrastructure such as power, water,transport, communication, etc. are used as inputs for production in the directly productive sector.

Answer: B

Question: Assertion (A) Infrastructure is a support system on which the efficient working of a modern industrial economy depends.
Reason (R) The quality of transport and communication can affect access to healthcare.

Answer: B

Question: Assertion (A) The distribution of our existing health infrastructure is inequitable.
Reason (R) About 70 percent of India’s population lives in urban area but only one-fifth of hospitals are located in urban areas.

Answer: C

Question: Assertion (A) Government has launched the‘National Infrastructure Pipeline’ for period of 2020-2030.
Reason (R) The objective of the NIP is to provide equitable access to infrastructure to all.

Answer: D 

Question: Assertion (A) There has been a reduction in infant mortality rate in India.
Reason (R) Factors contributing to this slowing decline include the lower social, cultural and health status of women in India. Thus, improving female
education and nutrition, as well as increasing the use of health services during pregnancy and delivery would lower child mortality.

Answer: A

Question: Assertion (A) The health status of India has surpassed those of Europe and North America.
Reason (R) India still has high birth rate as compared to developed nations. Frequent births of children adversely affect the health of mothers.
Unhealthy mothers give birth to unhealthy child.

Answer: D 

Short Answer Type Questions

Question:  Explain the term ‘infrastructure’. 
Answer: Infrastructure refers to the supporting services in the main areas of industrial and agricultural production,domestic and foreign trade and commerce. These services include roads, railways, ports, airports, dams,power stations, oil and gas pipelines, telecommunication,schools and colleges, hospitals, sanitary system and also the monetary system including banks, insurance and other financial institutions. Infrastructure provides support system to economic and social development.

Question: Some infrastructural facilities have a direct impact on production of goods and services while others give indirect support by building the social sector of the economy. Using the above information,differentiate between social and economic infrastructure.
Answer: Difference between social and economic infrastructure is as follows 

Question: How are economic growth and infrastructure development related to each other?
Answer: Infrastructure Promotes Growth Sufficient availability of the power, water, transport, etc. may result in optimal utilisation of assets. Infrastructure developments such as transport, power, finance, etc. expand the size of markets and improve productivity significantly. Infrastructure brings modern technology in all sectors.
There is a close association between infrastructure spending and GDP growth. Around 6.5 % of the total value added is contributed by infrastructure services in UDCs, 9 % in developing countries and 11 % in developed countries. Infrastructural development is important not only for economic growth, globalisation technological innovation in manufacturing but also for poverty reduction.
Growth Promotes Infrastructure Growth increases demand of infrastructure. Obviously, as income increases, people will demand more of transport,communication, energy, etc. Consequently, in UDCs,basic infrastructure such as water, irrigation is most important. In developing economies, demand for transport grows fast. In developed economies,power and telecommunication occupy more importance.

Question: Explain the two categories into which infrastructure is divided. How are both interdependent?
Answer: Infrastructure is divided into two categories, i.e.economic infrastructure and social infrastructure.
Infrastructure associated with energy, transportation and communication are included in the former category whereas those related to education, health and housing are included in the latter.
Economic infrastructure and social infrastructure are interdependent on each other. For example, the development and expansion of transport and communication network requires a team of qualified and skilled persons. Similarly, a strong infrastructure of education and health becomes meaningless, if it is not supported by a good transport and communication system.

Question: How does infrastructure impact productivity and induce investment?
Answer: Impact on Productivity Infrastructure plays a major role in raising the productivity of primary, secondary and tertiary sector.
Productivity of primary sector has increased due to the provision of better irrigation facilities. Productivity of secondary sector has increased because of development in energy sector and tertiary sector has benefitted by changes in transportation and communication sector.
Induces Investment A well-developed infrastructure attracts foreign investors. Thus, infrastructure induces investment and increases profitability.

Question: How is the national income of a country related tothe level of infrastructural development? Explain.
Answer: The composition of infrastructure requirements changes significantly with the increase in country’s national income. Basic infrastructure facilities such as irrigation,transport and power are more important for low income countries.
However, as economies grow and they are able to satisfy their basic consumption demand, the share of agriculture in the economy shrinks and more service related infrastructure become important. Thus, the share of power and telecommunication infrastructure is greater in high income countries.

Question: What is the state of rural infrastructure in India?
Answer: State of infrastructure in rural India can be understood from the following points 
(i) Inspite of the technological progress, women of rural India are still using bio-fuels to meet their daily energy requirements. About 90% of the rural households use bio-fuels for cooking.
(ii) The Census 2001 shows that in rural India, only 56% households have an electricity connection and 43% still use kerosene.
(iii) Tap water availability is limited to only 24% rural households. About 76% of the population drinks water from open resources such as wells, ponds, etc.
Women go long distances to fetch water for their basic needs.
(iv) Access to improved sanitation in rural areas was only 20%.

Question: Expansion of one industry facilitates the expansion of the other. How economic growth can become a dynamic process and a self-propelling activity of change?
Answer: Availability of proper means of transport and communication, ample sources of energy and a developed system of banking and finance generate an environment of inter-industrial linkages.
In this situation, expansion of one industry facilitates the expansion of the other. Accordingly, growth becomes a dynamic process and a self-propelling activity of change.

Question: Write a note on the various healthcare centres in India.
(i) Primary healthcare centre
(ii) Secondary healthcare centre
(ii) Tertiary healthcare centre
Answer: (i) Primary healthcare centres are small hospitals managed by a single doctor, a nurse and a limited quantity of medicines. They are located in villages and small towns.
(ii) Secondary healthcare centres are better healthcare centres and provide facilities for surgery, ECG and X-ray. They are located in bigtowns and district headquarters.
(iii) Tertiary healthcare institutions are specialised medical centres and undertake complicated healthcare problems.

Question: Why do medical tourists come to India?
Answer: Medical tourists come to India to avail our health services which combine latest medical technologies with qualified professionals and are cheaper for foreigners as compared to costs of similar healthcare services in their own countries.
They come for surgeries, liver transplants, dental and even cosmetic care. In the year 2004-05, as many as 1,50,000 foreigners visited India for medical treatment.

Question: Highlight the points that reflect development in the health services after independence in India.
Answer: The following are the points that reflect development in the health services after independence in India (i) Decline in Death Rates Death rate has come down from as high as 27.4 per thousand in 1951 to 6.3 per thousand in 2015.
(ii) Reductions in Infant Mortality Infants mortality rate has significantly reduced from 140 per thousand in 1951 to 32 per thousands in 2015.
(iii) Rise in Life Expectancy Expectancy of life has risen from 50 years in 1951 to 68.3 years in 2012.

Question: Do you think regional inequality exists even in health infrastructure in India? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer: Yes, the development of health infrastructure has shown gender, income and regional biasness in India. Rural areas do not have access to or cannot afford medical care.
Even though majority of population lives in rural areas, only one-fifth of India’s hospitals are located in rural areas with only half the number of dispensaries. Out of 6.3 lakh beds, roughly 30% of them are available in rural areas. The PHCs in rural areas do not offer basic medical care like X-ray or blood testing devices.
In rural areas, the percentage of people who have no access to proper aid has risen from 15 in 1986 to 24 in 2003. States like Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh are relatively lagging behind in health care facilities.

Question: Give an account of the contribution of community and non-profit organisation to healthcare in India.
Answer:Community participation functions with the idea that the people can be trained and involved in Primary Healthcare System. Trade unions have built Healthcare services to give low-cost healthcare to their members as well as the people from nearby villages. For instance, Shahid hospital was built in 1983 and is sustained by the workers of Chhattisgarh mines Shramik Sangh in Durg, Madhya Pradesh. SEWA in Ahmedabad and ACCORD in Nilgiris are examples of some non-profit organ

Question: Health care in India is suffering from urban-rural and rich-poor divide. Explain how?
Answer: It is rightly said that health care in India suffers from urban-rural and rich-poor divide. 70% population is living in rural areas while only 20% of the hospitals are located in rural areas. It means 80% hospitals are serving 30% population. There are only 0.36% hospitals for one lakh people in rural areas whereas there are 3.6% hospitals per one lakh population in urban areas, i.e. number of hospitals in urban areas is 10 times the number of hospitals in rural areas. 
In villages, specialised medical care is completely missing like paediatrics, gynaecology, anaesthesia and obstetrics.
PHCs located in rural areas do not have even X-ray or blood test facility. 20% of doctors passing leave the country for better prospects.
Many others are interested in urban areas, rare are the ones interested in rural areas. The poorest one fifth spends 12% of their income on health while rich spend only 2% of their income on health.

Question: A study estimates that medical costs alone push down 2.2% of the population below the poverty line each year. How?
Answer: Public health facilities are highly inadequate in our country. These facilities are also lacking in quality. So even poor and middle class people do not prefer to use these facilities.
So, in case of a medical emergency, they are forced to avail expensive services of private hospitals and health centres. These expenses prove to be a heavy burden on these families and they are forced to sell whatever valuables they have, to fund the treatment. This pushes the families below poverty line.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question: Infrastructure contributes to the economic development of a country. Do you agree? Explain.
Answer: Yes, infrastructure acts as a support system for production activity in the economy and thereby, contributes to economic development.
The following points will further explain the role of infrastructure in the economic development of a country 
(i) Infrastructure Increases Productivity Social and economic infrastructure facilitates production. The availability of quality infrastructure guarantees
increase in production and productivity. Infrastructure ensures easy movement of goods and raw materials, thereby, reducing inefficiencies and lead to efficient utilisation of scarce resources and eliminate wastages.
(ii) Infrastructure Encourages Investment Infrastructure provides an environment conducive to investment. Lack of facilities discourage
investment. For example, an investor will not invest in absence of basic infrastructure such as transport and communication.
(iii) Infrastructure generates Linkages in Production Infrastructure promotes economic development by way of various forward and backward linkages. In
other words, infrastructure provides scope for expansion of one industry due to the expansion of the other by way of forward and backward linkages.
The process of economic growth becomes a dynamic process in the presence of sufficient infrastructure facilities. This can be explained with
the help of a forward linkage. For example, if irrigation facilities boost agricultural production,then the related industries that depend on agriculture for the supply of raw materials simultaneously experience increased production.
(iv) Infrastructure enhances Size of theMarket Infrastructure widens the size of the market. The fast and cost effective movement of raw materials
and finished goods in bulk enables a producer to offer its products across the country and even across international boundaries.

Question: Describe the meaning of public health. Discuss the major public health measures undertaken by the state in recent years to control diseases.
Answer: The science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community, as by preventive medicine,health education, control of communicable diseases,application of sanitary measures and monitoring of environmental hazards, is called public health. In the recent years, government has built up a vast health infrastructure equipped with trained manpower at different levels. 
The following measures have been initiated by the state in recent years to promote public health 
(i) Establishing health care institutions.
(ii) Expanding the health facilities.
(iii) Expanding the facilities for medical education.
(iv) Promoting preventive medicine.
All these measures have helped to control diseases like smallpox, malaria, TB, etc.

Question: Infrastructure provide supporting service in the main areas of industrial and agricultural production. In the context of the above statement,explain how infrastructural facilities boost-up the production?
Answer: Infrastructural facilities increases production of the country bot h by increasing the productivity of the factors of production and improving the quality of life of its people. Infrastructure plays a major role in raising the productivity in all the three sectors, viz. primary,secondary and tertiary sector.
(i) Productivity in primary sector is increased because irrigation facilities have reduced the dependence on monsoon.
(ii) Production in the secondary sector has increased due to the improvements made in the energy sector.
(iii) Production in the tertiary sector has increased due to the improvements made in the means of transportation and communication.
Also, social infrastructure increases the quality of life of workers, thereby increasing their efficiency. Health care centres, educational institutions and other such facilities develop the skills of the workers, which increases the ability and efficiency to work. Thus, we can conclude that infrastructure boosts production.

Question: Differentiate the six systems of Indian medicine.
Or Explain the six systems of Indian medicine.
Answer: The six systems of Indian medicine can be differentiated from the points below
(i) Ayurveda Atharvaveda, the last of the four great bodies of knowledge known as Vedas, contains 114 hymns related to formulations for the treatment of different diseases.
The Ayurvedic practitioners recommend diet and lifestyle changes alongwith drug therapy. The methods of Ayurveda such as applying herbs and massage can simultaneously be used alongwith other systems.

(ii) Yoga It is being practised in India from thousands of years. It has references in Upanishads and Puranas composed by Aryans in the Vedic period. The main credit for systematising Yoga goes to Patanjali who wrote ‘Yoga Sutra’ which is the most important and basic text on Yoga. Yoga is defined as an art of
righteous living or an integrated system for the benefit of the body, mind and inner spirit.

(iii) Unani This also means ‘Greek medicine’, and is a form of traditional medicine widely practised in South Asia.
Unani medicine is based on the concept of the four humours, Phlegm, Blood, Yellow bile and Black bile.
Unani medicine first arrived in India with establishment of Delhi Sultanate (1206–1527 CE) and muslim rule over North India and subsequently
flourished under Mughal empire.

(iv) Siddha It comes from the word Siddhi which means an object to attain perfection or heaven. Siddhi is attained through meditation which cures mental
illness and promotes mental, emotional and physical well-being.

(v) Naturopathy It heals with the power of nature as it assumes that all healing powers are within our body. It uses the inbuilt immune system of the human body for curing. Naturopathy regards that we fall ill only when we go against nature. An ailing body can purify and recover itself with thorough rest and fasting or having natural diet which helps in healing.

(vi) Homeopathy It consists of two words ‘homeo’ meaning similar and ‘pathos’ meaning suffering. In this system, a drug and a disease that produces similar
symptoms are believed to be having a neutralising effect on each other. Thus, the homeopathic treatment is based on symptoms the body is showing and
medication is given accordingly. It is popular among the people due to its remarkable healing capacit. Also, its remedies are free from side effects.

Question: How can we increase the effectiveness of healthcare programmes? 
Answer: We can increase the effectiveness of healthcare programmes in the following manner 
(i) The wide gap between rural and urban areas, poor and rich in utilising health care facilities must be addressed through more investment in health facilities in rural and backward areas by the government as private investment is not forthcoming in these areas.
(ii) Women’s health across the country should be taken into greater focus as a healthy mother gives birth to a healthy off spring and health status of population can be improved.
(iii) Regulated private sector health services, NGOs and community participation can improve the effectiveness of health care facilities and play an important role in spreading health awareness.
(iv) Indian system of medicine including ayurveda and naturopathy should be explored and used to support public health as they are based on natural healing and are of preventive nature.

1 Explain the term infrastructure.

2 Explain the two categories in which infrastructure can be divided.

3 Discuss how infrastructure contributes in economic development.

4 Describe the state of rural infrastructure in India.

5 Name the different sources of energy. Give example.

6 How has consumption pattern of energy changed over the years?

7 Explain the challenges faced by the power sector.

8 Write a note on health infrastructure.

9 Give full form of AYUSH .

10 Critically appraise the health infrastructure in India.

11 Give your views on Urban-rural & poor-rich divide.

12 How has women’s health become a matter of great concern?