CBSE Class 11 Biology Body Fluids And Circulation Worksheet

CLASS XI BIOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT NO. 10

BLOOD FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION

Question. Match the types of WBC listed under Column 
I with the shape of nucleus given under Column
II and select the correct option from codes given
below.
      Column I       Column II
A. Neutrophils    (i) Bean-shaped
B. Eosinophils    (ii) 3 lobed
C. Basophils      (iii) Multiple lobed
D. Monocytes    (iv) 2 lobed
                          (v) Disc-shaped

(a) A - (iii), B - (v), C - (i), D - (ii)
(b) A - (v), B - (iii), C - (i), D - (iv)
(c) A - (ii), B - (i), C - (v), D - (iii)
(d) A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (ii), D - (i)

Answer. D

Question. Identify the given figure and select the correct option.   (Img 122)
(a) Neutrophil - phagocytic cell which destroys foreign organisms entering the body
(b) Eosinophil - their number increases during allergic infection
(c) Lymphocyte - small sized non-motile and nonphagocytic
(d) Monocyte - motile and phagocytic in nature

Answer. A

Question. Chordae tendinae are found in
(a) ventricles of brain
(b) ventricles of heart
(c) auricles of heart
(d) connection between bone.

Answer. B

Question. Given below are the figures of blood vessels.
Identify them and select the correct option.   (Img 122)
            A              B              C
(a) Capillary   Vein            Artery
(b) Artery       Capillary     Vein
(c) Vein         Capillary     Artery
(d) Vein         Artery         Capillary 

Answer. C

Question. Which of the following leucocytes have multilobed nucleus?
(a) Eosinophils
(b) Lymphocytes
(c) Neutrophils
(d) Monocytes

Answer. C

Question. _____ is phagocytic in nature.
(a) Monocyte
(b) RBC
(c) Eosinophil
(d) Basophil

Answer. A

Question. In the given figure of the heart which of the marked structure (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) carrying oxygenated blood?  (Img 122)
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(b) 1 and 5
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 3 and 5

Answer. C

Question. Refer to the given electrocardiogram and select the correct statement.  (Img 122)
(a) It shows electrocardiogram of a healthy person.
(b) It shows partial blockage due to damaged AV nodes.
(c) It shows complete blockage and there is no synchrony between atrial and ventricular activities.
(d) It shows that muscles of the heart are weak.

Answer. C

Question. Blood pressure increases due to
(a) hypertension
(b) angina
(c) glucosuria
(d) hypotension.

Answer. A

Question. Which of the following sequences is truely a systemic circulation pathway?
(a) Right ventricle → Pulmonary aorta →
Tissues → Pulmonary veins → Left auricle
(b) Right auricle → Left ventricle → Aorta →
Tissues → Veins → Right auricle
(c) Left auricle → Left ventricle → Pulmonary
aorta → Tissues → Right auricle
(d) Left auricle → Left ventricle → Aorta →
Arteries → Tissues → Veins → Right atrium

Answer. D

Question. In veins, valves are present to check backward flow of blood flowing at
(a) atmospheric pressure
(b) high pressure
(c) low pressure
(d) all of these.

Answer. C

Question. Pulmonary artery is different from pulmonary vein in
(a) its broad lumen
(b) its thick wall
(c) presence of valves
(d) absence of endothelium.

Answer. B

Assertion & Reasoning Based MCQs

For question numbers 48-57, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason.
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion : The open circulatory system is less efficient than the closed circulatory system.
Reason : The blood flows far more rapidly in open circulatory system than in the closed one.

Answer. D

Question. Assertion : The cardiac impulse is said to be myogenic.
Reason : Rate of formation and conduction of cardiac impulse can be changed by the action of nerves.

Answer. B

Question. Assertion : AV bundle is essential for the conduction of cardiac impulse.
Reason : There is no continuity between the cardiac muscle fibres of the auricles and the ventricles.

Answer. A

Question. Assertion : Hypertension is observed in arteriosclerotic patients.
Reason : In the condition of arteriosclerosis, the arteries lose their elasticity and get stiffened.

Answer. A

Question. Assertion : An artificial pacemaker can replace the sinoatrial node of heart.
Reason : An artificial pacemaker is capable of stimulating the heart electrically to maintain its beats.

Answer. A

Read the following passage and answer questions from given below:

Blood is a special connective tissue which comprises of a fluid matrix, plasma and formed elements. 55 percent of blood is plasma which contains fibrinogen, globulins and albumin
and 45 percent constitute formed elements which comprises of erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets. Erythrocytes being most abundant play role in transport of respiratory gases.
Leucocytes lack haemoglobin and comprises of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes which play a role in immune system. Platelets help in clotting of blood.

Question. Read the given statements and identify them.
(I) X is involved in defense mechanism.
(II) Y helps in osmotic balance.
(III) Z is required for clotting of blood.
           X            Y               Z
(a) Albumin     Globulin      Fibrinogen
(b) Globulin     Albumin      Fibrinogen
(c) Fibrinogen  Globulin      Albumin
(d) Albumin    Fibrinogen   Globulin

Answer. B

Question. Cells which lack nucleus is/are
(a) erythrocytes
(b) leucocytes
(c) thrombocytes
(d) both (a) and (c).

Answer. D

Question. Which of the following is an essential factor for maturation of erythrocytes?
(a) Vitamin B12
(b) Globulin
(c) Haemoglobin
(d) Both (a) and (c)

Answer. A

Question. Histamine is secreted by
(a) mast cells
(b) macrophage
(c) basophils
(d) both (a) and (c).

Answer. D

Question. Tunica externa is made up of
(a) connective tissue
(b) squamous epithelium
(c) smooth muscle
(d) endothelium.

Answer. A

Question. Which of the following is true for plasma proteins ?
(a) Helps in uniform distribution of heat all over the body.
(b) Some may act as enzymes.
(c) Maintainance of pH.
(d) All of these

Answer. D

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Name one animal whose heart pumps only deoxygenated blood. How many chambers does it’s heart have?

Answer. Heart of fish has only two chambers and it pumps deoxygenated blood.

Question. A cardiologist observed an enlarged QRS wave in the ECG of a patient. What does it indicate?

Answer. Enlarged QRS wave in ECG indicates about the ventricular contraction of the heart that may be normal or abnormal.

Question. Which blood vessel in mammals would normally carry the largest amount of urea?

Answer. Hepatic portal vein

Question. How parasympathetic nervous system effects on heartbeat?

Answer. Parasympathetic nervous system slows the heart rates by dilating arteries and lowering the blood pressure.

Question. Heart failure is sometimes called congestive heart failure. Why?

Answer. Heart failure is sometimes called congestive heart failure because congestion of lungs is the main symptom of this disease.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Define erythropoiesis.

Answer. Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced. In human adults, this usually occurs within the bone marrow. In the early fetus, erythropoiesis takes place in the mesodermal cells of the yolk sac. By the third or fourth month, erythropoiesis moves to the spleen and liver. In humans with certain diseases and in some animals, erythropoiesis also occurs outside the bone marrow, within the spleen or liver termed as extramedullary erythropoiesis.

Question. Name the condition in which a Rh positive fetus suffers in a Rh negative mother’s body. How can it be avoided?

Answer. The condition in which a Rh positive fetus suffers in Rh negative mother’s body is called erythroblastosis fetalis. It can be avoided by administering anti-Rh antibodies immediately after first delivery.

Question. What is the average number of thrombocytes in human blood? Write their function.

Answer. Average number of thrombocytes is 1,50,000 to 4,50,000/mm3 in human blood. Their function is to release substances that are concerned with the clotting of blood.

Question. What is the composition of lymph?

Answer. The composition of lymph is as follows: (i) Lymph plasma is similar to blood but has fewer blood proteins, less calcium and phosphorus and high glucose concentration. Mainly globulin proteins are present which are actually antibodies. Other components are organic, inorganic substances, water, etc. (ii) Lymph corpuscles are floating amoeboid cells, the leucocytes (WBCs) which are mostly lymphocytes. RBCs and thrombocytes are absent in lymph.

Question. What is pericardium? How is it helpful to humans?

Answer. Pericardium is the two layered covering of the heart. It consists of outer parietal pericardium and inner visceral pericardium. In between the two layers, a space called pericardial cavity is present, which is filled with pericardial fluid. The pericardium protects the heart from shocks and mechanical injuries and also allows free movement of the heart.

Question. Purkinje fibres arise from which region of the heart?

Answer.  A mass of specialised fibres, the bundle of His originates from AV node within myocardium of ventricles and passes downwards into the inter-ventricular septum. This bundle then divides into left and right bundle branches one going to each ventricle. In the walls of the ventricles, these two branches divide into a network of fine fibres called Purkinje fibres.

Question. What is the significance of P-wave and T-wave in the ECG?

Answer. P-wave represents the electrical depolarisation of the atrial musculature. It coincides with the blood being pumped into the ventricle. T-wave represents the repolarisation of the ventricular muscles. It coincides with blood being received by the auricles.

Question. What happens to the mitral valve and the respective blood flow during ventricular systole?

Answer. At the start of the ventricular systole, the mitral valve closes to prevent the back flow of blood into the atrium. As systole continues, blood from the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery and blood from the left ventricle enters the aorta.

Question. What is a portal vein? Give an example.

Answer. A vein which collects blood from one organ by one set of capillaries and distributes blood to some other organ by another set of capillaries instead of sending it to the heart is called a portal vein. For example, hepatic portal vein.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. How is the heart activity regulated in the human body?

Answer. The rate of heart beat is regulated by two mechanisms : neural and hormonal regulation. (i) Neural regulation : The cardiac centre lies in the medulla oblongata of the brain. The cardiac centre is formed of cardioinhibitor and cardio-accelerator parts. The former decreases the rate of heart beat and the latter accelerates it. The cardioinhibitor is connected with the heart through vagus nerve (which carries – parasympathetic nerve fibres) and cardioaccelerator through sympathetic nerve fibres. Sensory fibres extend from the receptors present in the superior vena cava, aorta and carotid sinuses to the cardiovascular centre in the medulla oblongata. The impulses received from the aorta and carotid sinuses decrease the heart rate whereas the impulses from the vena cava increase the heart rate. (ii) Hormonal regulation : Adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) hormones are secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. Noradrenaline accelerates the heart beat under normal conditions while adrenaline does this function at the time of emergency. These hormones directly influence the SA node.

Q1. Name the various components of blood and mention functions of each of them.

Q2. What are the two types of circulation? Which is advantageous & why?

Q3. What is the importance of lymph ? Write any 4 functions of lymph.

Q4. Why does lymph contain much less proteins than the blood plasma?

Q5. What is haemo lymph? How does it differ from blood?

Q6. Explain cascade mechanism of blood clothing.

Q7. Give examples of animals with single, incomplete double and complete double circulation.

Q8. Draw a diagram of external structure of human heart & label the parts.

Q9. Explain the following:-

(a) Auricles have thinner walls than ventricles.

(b) Blood flows under pressure in the arteries.

(c) Here is a slight gap between auricular systole and ventricular systole.

(d) Why can you palpate the pulse on an artery in each heart beat?

(e) SA node is called the pacemaker of heart. (f) No mixing of deoxygenated & oxygenated blood in mammalian heart.

(g) There is no black flow of blood in veins.

Q10. How does blood flow through the heart during the different phases of cardiac cycle?

Q11. With the help of diagram explain ECG and the waves that correspond to a specific electrical activity of heart.

Q12. What are the causes & symptoms of CAT, Angina & Heart Failure?

Q13. Give a schematic plan of blood circulation in human.

Q14. What is the significance of double circulation?