NEET Biology Origin And Evolution Of Life Chapter Notes

Download NEET Biology Origin And Evolution Of Life Chapter Notes in PDF format. All Revision notes for Full Course Evolution have been designed as per the latest syllabus and updated chapters given in your textbook for Evolution in Full Course. Our teachers have designed these concept notes for the benefit of Full Course students. You should use these chapter wise notes for revision on daily basis. These study notes can also be used for learning each chapter and its important and difficult topics or revision just before your exams to help you get better scores in upcoming examinations, You can also use Printable notes for Full Course Evolution for faster revision of difficult topics and get higher rank. After reading these notes also refer to MCQ questions for Full Course Evolution given on studiestoday

Revision Notes for Full Course Evolution Evolution

Full Course Evolution students should refer to the following concepts and notes for Evolution in Full Course. These exam notes for Full Course Evolution will be very useful for upcoming class tests and examinations and help you to score good marks

Evolution Notes Full Course Evolution

 

Big-Bang Theory :
 
Proposed by Abbe Lemaitre.
According to it, the universe originated about 20 billion years ago due to a thermonuclear explosion.
This thermonuclear explosion is called Big-bang.
Flat-disc like structure is called SOLAR-NEBULA formed.
About 4.5 billion years ago, the origin of our solar system took.
The very hot central part of this solar Nebula became still hotter & converted into the sun. Now, due to condensation of atoms & dust particles moving around the sun, formation of the other planets took place
[Mercury, venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune].
The solid part of our planet earth was called Lithosphere & the gaseous part was known as atmosphere.
When the earth's surface cooled down and its temperature decreased to 100°C, water formed on it.
 
Ancient Theories for origin of life :
 
1. Theory of special creation –
The greatest supporter of this theory was father Suarez According to Bible life and everything was created by god in 6 days.
on first day : Earth and heaven
on second day : Sky and water
on third day : Land and plants
on forth day : Sun, moon and stars
on fifth day : Fishes and birds
on sixth day : Land animals and first man Adam and from his 12th Rib first woman Eve.
According to hindu mythology the world was created by God Brahma. (The first man was Manu and the first woman was Shraddha)
According to it life has not changed ever since its origin.
Special creation theory lacks scientific evidences so is not accepted.
 
2. Theory of Spontaneous Generation (Abiogenesis or Autogenesis) –
This hypothesis was supported by ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaximander, Xenophanes, Plato. Empedocles, Aristotle.
According to this theory life was originated from nonliving things spontaneously.
They believed that the mud of the Nile river could give rise to frogs, snakes, crocodiles.
Abiogenesis was strongly supported by Von Helmont. He claimed formation of mice in 21 days. If a sweat soaked dirty shirt is kept in wheat barn.
 
3. Cosmozoic Theory –
Proposed by Richter.
Protoplasm reached on earth in the form of spores or other simple particles from some unknown part of the universe with cosmic dust and they gave rise to various forms of life.
 
4. Cosmic panspermia theory –
Proposed by Arrhenius.
According to this theory organisms existed throughout the universe and their spores could freely travel through space from one star to the other.
 
5. Theory of Eternity of Life –
Helmholz believed that life is immortal.
 
6. Theory of Biogenesis –
Harvey (1651) and
Huxley (1870)
{Omnis vivum ex ovo or vivo.}
New organisms can be originated on earth only by pre-existing life.
This theory rejected the theory of Spontaneous generation but cannot explain origin of life.
To prove Biogenesis and to disprove abiogenesis experiments were performed by –
 
Francesco Redi (Italian 1668) –
He took cooked meat in three jars, one was uncovered, the second was covered with parchment and the third was air tight.
He observed that maggots developed only in the uncovered jar while maggots could not develop in the meat in closed jars.
This proved that larvae were formed from eggs laid by the flies in open jars. Since the meat in closed jars could not be visited by flies so no larvae could develop. Therefore life originated from pre existing life.
 
Lazzaro Spallanzani (Italian 1767) –
He boiled vegetables and meat to prepare a sterlized nutritive soup and he kept some of it in air sealed flasks and some in loosely corked flasks.
He observed that the soup in sealed flask remained sterile while micro organisms appeared in the soup in loosely corked flasks.
Thus even micro organisms were formed from pre existing ones in the air rather then spontaneously.
 
NEET Biology Origin and Evolution of Life Chapter Notes
 
Louis Pasteur (French 1862) –
Pasteur is popular for Germ Theory of Diseases or Germ theory and he disproved abiogenesis.
He prepared sterlized syrup of sugar and yeast by boiling them in flasks.
He took two flasks one of broken neck and another of curved neck (swan neck flask). No life appeared in swan neck flask because germ laden dust particles in the air were trapped by the curved neck which serves
as filter while in broken neck flask colonies of microorganism were developed.
 
Modern theory of origin of life :
 
(Oparin-Haldane theory of origin of life)
Naturalistic theory Or Theory of Chemical Evolution –
This theory was proposed by Russian Scientist A.I. Oparin and J.B.S Haldane (England born Indian scientist)
Oparin's theory was published in his book 'ORIGIN OF LIFE'.
 
Important Points
 
– According to this theory life originated by the composition of chemicals. (Chemical evolution).
 
– Oparin's theory is based on Artificial Synthesis. So also called as artificial synthetic theory.
 
– Ist life originated in the water of oceans. So water is essential for origin of life.There is no life on moon due to absence of water. 
 
– At the time of origin of life free O2 was absent, so first life was anaerobic.
 
– In the primitive atmosphere free oxygen was present but complete oxygen consumed in composition so primitive atmosphere of earth was reducing.
 
– Oxygen was reproduced by photosynthesis and atmosphere converted in oxydising.
 
Chemical Evolution :
 
1. The atomic stage –
 
The earth was originated about 4.5 billion years ago. Early earth had free atoms of all elements which are essential for the formation of protoplasm.
The lightest atoms like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen formed the primitive atmosphere.
 
2. Molecular stage (Origin of molecules and simple Inorganic compounds) –
 
Free atoms combined to form molecules and simple inorganic compounds.Due to presence of high temperature, active hydrogen atoms combined with all oxygen atoms to form water and leaving no free oxygen.
 
Thus the primitive atmosphere was reducing (without free oxygen) unlike present oxidising atmosphere (with free oxygen).
Hydrogen atoms also combined with nitrogen to from NH3.
(The first molecular compounds formed were probably water and Ammonia).
These Lighter elements also formed CO2 , CO, N2 , H2 etc.
 
3. Origin of early organic compounds –
 
The nitrogen and carbon of the atmosphere combined with metallic atoms forming nitrides and carbides.Water vapour and metallic carbides reacted to form to first organic compound Methane (CH4). Later on hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was formed .
 
Water which formed on earth due to high temperature evaporated so clouds were formed.
Water vapour changed into rain drops and by the collection of water on earth primitive oceans were formed.
 
4. Origin of simple organic compounds –
 
Water of primitive oceans contained large amount methane, ammonia, hydrogen, cyanides, carbides, nitrides.These early compounds interacted and formed simple organic compounds like, aldehyde, Ketones. Alcohols Pentose and hexose sugar, Amino Acids, Glycerol, Fatty Acids, Purines, Pyrimidines etc.Energy was obtained from U.V. Rays of sunlight, cosmic rays and heat of volcanic eruptions
 
5. Origin of complex organic compounds –
 
The small simple organic molecules combined to form large complex organic molecules, e.g –
– Amino acids Joined to form polypeptides and proteins, which were non-enzymatic.
– Simple sugar units combined to form polysaccharides.
– Fatty acids and glycerols united to form fats and lipids.
– Sugar, nitrogenous bases, phosphates combined into nucleotides which polymerized into nucleic acid,which unable to replicate.
 
These macromolecules forms main component of protoplasm hence the possibility of origin of life in primitive oceans could be established.After long time the water of primitive oceans became rich mixture of organic compounds as a result of chemical evolution.Haldane called this saturated water of oceans as prebiotic soup or hot dilute soup.
 
The major requirement for promoting polymerization is the availability of continuous source of energy and removal of water from the surface of reactants so that they can concentrate and prevent depolymerisation.Experimental evidence for formation of simple organic compounds –
By Stanley Miller who was a student of Harold Urey.
In this experiment Miller took the mixture of methane, ammonia and hydrogen (ratio 2 : 1 : 2) in a large flask and passed steam over it by boiling water and connecting it with a glass tube. Electric spark discharged in the mixture by using two tungsten electrodes as source of energy.After 18 days this fluid was collected and analysed. This dark red fluid was found to contain.
 
– Simple amino acids – glycine, alanine, aspartic acid.
– Simple organic acids – formic, acetic, oxalic, lactic, succinic acids.
– Pentose, hexose, aldehyde, ketone etc.
NEET-Biology-Origin-and-Evolution-of-Life-Chapter-Notes_0 1
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
NEET Botany Reproductive Morphology Chapter Notes

NEET Full Course Evolution Evolution Notes

We hope you liked the above notes for topic Evolution which has been designed as per the latest syllabus for Full Course Evolution released by NEET. Students of Full Course should download and practice the above notes for Full Course Evolution regularly. All revision notes have been designed for Evolution by referring to the most important topics which the students should learn to get better marks in examinations. Studiestoday is the best website for Full Course students to download all latest study material.

Notes for Evolution NEET Full Course Evolution

Our team of expert teachers have referred to the NCERT book for Full Course Evolution to design the Evolution Full Course notes. If you read the concepts and revision notes for one chapter daily, students will get higher marks in Full Course exams this year. Daily revision of Evolution course notes and related study material will help you to have a better understanding of all concepts and also clear all your doubts. You can download all Revision notes for Full Course Evolution also from www.studiestoday.com absolutely free of cost in Pdf format. After reading the notes which have been developed as per the latest books also refer to the NCERT solutions for Full Course Evolution provided by our teachers

Evolution Notes for Evolution NEET Full Course

All revision class notes given above for Full Course Evolution have been developed as per the latest curriculum and books issued for the current academic year. The students of Full Course can rest assured that the best teachers have designed the notes of Evolution so that you are able to revise the entire syllabus if you download and read them carefully. We have also provided a lot of MCQ questions for Full Course Evolution in the notes so that you can learn the concepts and also solve questions relating to the topics. All study material for Full Course Evolution students have been given on studiestoday.

Evolution NEET Full Course Evolution Notes

Regular notes reading helps to build a more comprehensive understanding of Evolution concepts. notes play a crucial role in understanding Evolution in NEET Full Course. Students can download all the notes, worksheets, assignments, and practice papers of the same chapter in Full Course Evolution in Pdf format. You can print them or read them online on your computer or mobile.

Notes for NEET Evolution Full Course Evolution

NEET Full Course Evolution latest books have been used for writing the above notes. If you have exams then you should revise all concepts relating to Evolution by taking out a print and keeping them with you. We have also provided a lot of Worksheets for Full Course Evolution which you can use to further make yourself stronger in Evolution

Where can I download latest NEET Full Course Evolution Evolution notes

You can download notes for Full Course Evolution Evolution for latest academic session from StudiesToday.com

Can I download the Notes for Evolution Full Course Evolution in Pdf format

Yes, you can click on the link above and download notes PDFs for Full Course Evolution Evolution which you can use for daily revision

Are the revision notes available for Evolution Full Course Evolution for the latest NEET academic session

Yes, the notes issued for Full Course Evolution Evolution have been made available here for latest NEET session

How can I download the Evolution Full Course Evolution Notes pdf

You can easily access the link above and download the Full Course Notes for Evolution Evolution for each topic in Pdf

Is there any charge for the Full Course Evolution Evolution notes

There is no charge for the notes for NEET Full Course Evolution Evolution, you can download everything free of charge

Which is the best online platform to find notes for Evolution Full Course Evolution

www.studiestoday.com is the best website from which you can download latest notes for Evolution Evolution Full Course

Where can I find topic-wise notes for Full Course Evolution Evolution

Come to StudiesToday.com to get best quality topic wise notes for Full Course Evolution Evolution

Can I get latest Evolution Full Course Evolution revision notes as per NEET syllabus

We have provided all notes for each topic of Full Course Evolution Evolution as per latest NEET syllabus