NCERT Class 12 Political Science The Crisis of Democratic Order

Background to EmergencyWe have already studied the changes that were taking place in Indian politics since 1967. Indira Gandhi had emerged as a towering leader with tremendous popularity. This was also the period when party competition became bitter and polarised. This period…

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Rise of Popular Movements

Nature of Popular MovementsTake a look at the opening image of this chapter. What do you see there? Villagers have literally embraced the trees. Are they playing some game? Or participating in some ritual or festival? Not really. The image here depicts a very unusual form of…

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Regional Aspirations

Region and The Nation1980s may be seen as a period of rising regional aspirations for autonomy, often outside the framework of the Indian Union. These movements frequently involved armed assertions by the people, their repression by the government, and a collapse of the…

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Recent Developments in Indian Politics

Context of the 1990sYou have read in the last chapter that Rajiv Gandhi became the Prime Minister after the assassination of Indira Gandhi. He led the Congress to a massive victory in the Lok Sabha elections held immediately thereafter in 1984. As the decade of the eighties…

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Politics of Planned Development

As the global demand for steel increases, Orissa, which has one of the largest reserves of untapped iron ore in the country, is being seen as an important investment destination. The State government hopes to cash in on this unprecedented demand for iron ore and has signed…

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Indias External Relations

International context India was born in a very trying and challenging international context. The world had witnessed a devastating war and was grappling with issues of reconstruction; yet another attempt to establish an international body was underway; many new countries were …

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Era of One Party Dominance

Challenge of building democracy You now have an idea of the difficult circumstances in which independent India was born. You have read about the serious challenge of nation-building that confronted the country right in the beginning. Faced with such serious challenges, leaders…

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Challenges to and Restoration of The Congress System

Challenge of Political Succession Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru passed away in May 1964. He had been unwell for more than a year. This had generated a lot of speculation about the usual question of succession: after Nehru, who? But in a newly independent country like India…

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Challenges of Nation Building

Challenges for the new nation At the hour of midnight on 14-15 August 1947, India attained independence. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of free India, addressed a special session of the Constituent Assembly that night. This was the famous ‘tryst with destiny’…

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics

Question. Which among the following statements about hegemony is incorrect? (a) The word implies the leadership or predominance of one State. (b) It was used to denote the predominance of Athens in the ancient Greece. (c) The country having hegemonic position will possess…

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 2 The End of Bipolarity

Question: Which among the following statements that describe the nature of Soviet economy is wrong? (a) Socialism was the dominant ideology. (b) State ownership/control existed over the factors of production. (c) People enjoyed economic freedom. (d) Every aspect of the…

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order

Question. State whether the following statements regarding the Emergency are correct or incorrect. (a) It was declared in 1975 by Indira Gandhi. (b) It led to the suspension of all fundamental rights. (c) It was proclaimed due to the deteriorating economic conditions.…

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 1 The Cold War Era

Question. Which among the following statements about the Cold War is wrong? (а) It was a competition between the US and Soviet Union and their respective allies. (b) It was an ideological war between the superpowers. (c) It triggered off an arms race. (d) The US and USSR were…

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World

Question. Match the terms with their meaning: 1. Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) 2. Arms Control 3. Alliance 4. Disarmament (a) Giving up certain types of weapons. (b) A process of exchanging information on defence matters between nations on a regular basis. (c) A…

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Rise of Popular Movements

Question. Which of these statements are incorrect: The Chipko Movement (а) was an environmental movement to prevent cutting down of trees. (b) raised questions of ecological and economic exploitation. (c) was a movement against alcoholism started by the women. (d) demanded…