Fundamentals of Visual Arts (Elements & Principles)
The Principles of Visual Art
The elements and principles of arts are the foundation of the language we use to talk about art. The elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. These are line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space.
The principles of art represent how the artist uses the elements of art to create an effect and to help convey the artist's intent. The principles of art and design are:
1. Balance
2. Unity
3. Harmony
4. Contrast
5. Rhythm
6. Emphasis
7. Movement
8. Proportion
The use of these principles can help determine whether a painting is successful and whether or not the painting is finished.
The artist decides what principles of art he or she wants to use in a painting. While an artist might not use all the principles of art in one piece, the principles are intertwined and the use of one will often depend on another. For example, when creating emphasis, the artist might also be using contrast or vice versa. It is generally agreed that a successful painting is unified, while also having some unity/variety created by areas of contrast and emphasis; is visually balanced; and moves the viewer's eye around the composition Thus it is that one principle of art can influence the effect and impact of another.
Balance
Balance is the distribution of the visually interesting elements in an artwork. If all the visually interesting elements in an artwork are centered in one spot, the work is offbalance and the viewer’s gaze will be stuck in one place, ignoring the rest of the work.Balance is an arrangement of lines, shapes, forms, shades, colours and texture in a way that the attention is drawn throughout the artwork. Some simple types of balance are symmetric and asymmetric.
Example art works for Balance
Some simple types of balance are symmetric and asymmetric.
Symmetric or formal Balance.
Symmetric balance is created by the equal division of shapes or components in a design or composition. This implies arranging shapes, colours and shades of equal size and weight on both the sides of the central line or point at equal distance.
Symmetric balance is also called formal balance, as it tends to lead to stable and orderly designs which are less dynamic.
Asymmetric Balance
Asymmetric balance is a type of balance created by unlike things. One large common shape might be balanced by a small irregular one; a dominant element of dull colour can be balanced by a patch of something bright; a small area with lots of texture or detail might balance a larger smoother or less varied area etc.
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