Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Solutions

The Administration Of The Swaraj Class 7 Questions And Answers

Question 1. A Council with eight departments –
Answer: Ashtapradhan Mandal
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj established a council of eight ministers, known as the Ashtapradhan Mandal, to efficiently manage the various departments of his administration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the term 'Ashtapradhan Mandal' and its purpose in Shivaji Maharaj's administration.

Question 2. Bahirj Naik was the Head of this department –
Answer: Intelligence department.
In simple words: Bahirj Naik was the leader of the intelligence department, responsible for gathering crucial information for Shivaji Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the key officials and their roles helps in understanding the administrative structure.

Question 3. The sea fort built by Maharaj near Malvan –
Answer: Sindhudurga
In simple words: Sindhudurga is the name of the significant sea fort constructed by Shivaji Maharaj close to Malvan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify important forts and their strategic locations, especially those built by Shivaji Maharaj.

Question 4. He looked after the war materials on the fort –
Answer: The Karkhanis.
In simple words: The Karkhanis was the officer responsible for managing and maintaining all war materials and supplies on the forts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the specific duties of fort officials like the Karkhanis is important for detailing fort administration.

2. Write About It In Your Own Words:

Question 1. Shivaji Maharaj's Policy regarding agriculture.
Answer:
• Agriculture was the backbone of the village/ rural economy
• Shivaji Maharaj paid attention to the welfare of the peasants.
• The officers were warned not to collect more revenue than the fixed amount.
• Peasants were encouraged to bring more land under cultivation.
• Special concession was granted if: There was famine, floods or if any army of the enemy had devasted the area.
• Bullocks, ploughs and good seeds were provided to the peasants.
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj prioritized agriculture, the base of the economy, by ensuring peasant welfare, controlling revenue collection, encouraging cultivation, and offering relief during calamities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the key measures Shivaji Maharaj took to support agriculture and protect farmers' interests.

Question 2. Shivaji Maharaj – a ruler concerned about the welfare of his subjects.
Answer:
(i) Shivaji Maharaj had an excellent agricultural policy like fixed revenue. He paid attention to the welfare of the peasants.
(ii) Concessions to the farmers who had crop failure due to floods, famine, etc.
(iii) He provided bullocks, ploughs and good seeds to the farmers.
(iv) He increased trade so that kingdom could prosper.
(v) He protected industries, e.g. The salt industry in the Konkan.
(vi) Salt imported from the Portuguese territory would then cost more so he protected the salt industry in Konkan. Hence the above stories reveal that Shivaji Maharaj was concerned about the welfare of his subjects.
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj showed deep concern for his subjects by implementing fair agricultural policies, providing aid during disasters, promoting trade, and protecting local industries like salt production.

🎯 Exam Tip: To answer this, provide specific examples of his policies that directly benefited common people and the economy.

3. Give Reasons:

Question 1. Shivaji Maharaj appointed a Council of Eight Ministers.
Answer:
• Shivaji Maharaj divided the administration in to eight different departments.
• For the convenience of the administration, Shivaji Maharaj appointed a Council of Eight Ministers called 'Ashtapradhan Mandal'.
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj appointed the Council of Eight Ministers (Ashtapradhan Mandal) to efficiently manage the divided administrative departments of his Swaraj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the need for division of labor in a large administration and how the Ashtapradhan Mandal fulfilled that need.

Question 2. Shivaji Maharaj raised a navy.
Answer:
• The enemies on the west coast of India created obstacles in the work of expansion of the Swaraj.
• It was necessary to curb their activities and to protect the west coast.
• Shivaji Maharaj also realized that the one who has a navy, controls the sea. Hence, Shivaji Maharaj raised a navy.
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj established a navy to counter coastal enemies, protect the Swaraj's western borders, and gain control over the vital sea routes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the strategic importance of a navy for coastal defense and expansion in the given geographical context.

4. Complete The Chart:

Question 1.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र शिवाजी महाराज के सैन्य संगठन को दर्शाता है। इसमें सैन्य संगठन को मुख्य रूप से पैदल सेना (Infantry) और घुड़सवार सेना (Cavalry) में विभाजित किया गया है। पैदल सेना के अधिकारी हवलदार और जुमलेदार थे, जबकि घुड़सवार सेना में हवलदार, जुमलेदार, शिलेदार और बरगीर जैसे अधिकारी शामिल थे।
Answer:

In simple words: The military organization under Shivaji Maharaj was structured into Infantry and Cavalry, with specific officers like Havaldar and Jumledar in both, alongside Shiledars and Bargirs in the cavalry.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to identify and list the different branches and officers within Shivaji Maharaj's military organization.

Activities:
1. Interview a person in your neighbourhood who has served in the armed forces.
2. Visit a market in your town. List the items prepared/grown in the neighbourhood and those that come from outside.

Complete The Sentence By Choosing The Appropriate Words From The Options Given Below:

Question 1. Shivaji Maharaj entrusted the responsibility of organizing the land revenue system to __________.(Bahuji Naik, Netaji Palkar, Annaji Datto)
Answer: Annaji Datto
In simple words: Annaji Datto was assigned the crucial task of establishing and managing the land revenue system under Shivaji Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific individuals responsible for key administrative reforms like the land revenue system.

Question 2. __________ was the highest officer in the cavalry. (Sarnobat, Havaldar, Naik)
Answer: Sarnobat
In simple words: The Sarnobat held the highest rank among the officers in Shivaji Maharaj's cavalry force.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the hierarchy of officers in both the infantry and cavalry for a complete understanding.

Question 3. One of the excellent sea forts was __________.(Sindhudurga, Padmadurga, Rajgad)
Answer: Sindhudurga
In simple words: Sindhudurga is recognized as one of the most strategically important and well-built sea forts by Shivaji Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to name prominent forts and distinguish between sea forts and hill forts.

Question 4. __________ looked after the storage of food grains and maintenance of war material on the fort. (Killedar, Karkhanis, Sabnis)
Answer: Karkhanis
In simple words: The Karkhanis was responsible for managing the fort's provisions, including food grains and war supplies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly differentiate the roles of various fort officers (Killedar, Sabnis, Karkhanis).

Question 5. __________ was the backbone of rural economy. (Navy, Agriculture, Army)
Answer: Agriculture
In simple words: Agriculture formed the fundamental support and primary source of livelihood for the rural economy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the foundational elements of the economy during Shivaji Maharaj's time.

Question 6. Shivaji Maharaj appointed a __________ Council of Ministers. (four, eight, seven)
Answer: Eight
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj established a council comprising eight ministers to manage the state affairs effectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the exact number of ministers in the Ashtapradhan Mandal.

Question 7. Shivaji Maharaj knew the importance of __________.(trade, agriculture, industries)
Answer: agriculture
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj recognized agriculture as a vital pillar for the prosperity and stability of his kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize how Shivaji Maharaj's policies reflected his understanding of the importance of primary sectors.

Name The Following:

Question 1. He is the chief of the infantry.
Answer: Sarnobat
In simple words: The Sarnobat was the highest-ranking officer responsible for commanding the infantry division.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish the Sarnobat of the infantry from the Sarnobat of the cavalry.

Question 2. Officers of infantry.
Answer:
(a) Havaldar
(b) Jumledar
In simple words: Havaldar and Jumledar were the key officers who commanded units within the infantry forces.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to list at least two main officers for each branch of the military.

Question 3. Two type of cavalrymen.
Answer:
(a) Shiledars
(b) Bargirs
In simple words: The cavalry was composed of two main types of soldiers: Shiledars, who owned their horses, and Bargirs, who were provided horses by the state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the distinction between Shiledars and Bargirs based on horse ownership and provision.

Question 4. Number of forts in Swaraj.
Answer: 300 Forts
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj controlled a vast network of approximately 300 forts across his Swaraj.

🎯 Exam Tip: The sheer number of forts highlights their strategic importance for defense and administration.

Question 5. Number of ships of various kind in Navy.
Answer: 400 ships
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj maintained a significant naval fleet consisting of around 400 ships of different types.

🎯 Exam Tip: The size of Shivaji Maharaj's navy demonstrates his foresight in securing maritime interests.

Answer The Following Questions In One Or Two Sentences:

Question 1. Which officers were there on the forts?
Answer: There was a Killedar, Sabnis and a Karkhanis on every fort.
In simple words: Each fort had three main officers: the Killedar (commander), Sabnis (accountant), and Karkhanis (logistics manager).

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the distinct responsibilities of the Killedar, Sabnis, and Karkhanis for effective fort management.

Question 2. Which were the hill forts built by Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
(i) Pratapgad
(ii) Pavangad
(iii) Rajgad
In simple words: Some notable hill forts constructed or strengthened by Shivaji Maharaj include Pratapgad, Pavangad, and Rajgad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be ready to name important hill forts associated with Shivaji Maharaj's reign.

Question 3. Name the battleships in the Navy of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
(i) Gurab
(ii) Galbat
(iii) Pal
In simple words: The battleships in Shivaji Maharaj's navy included types such as Gurab, Galbat, and Pal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the names of different naval vessels used by Shivaji Maharaj.

Question 4. What were the two types of cavalrymen?
Answer:
(i) The Shiledar with his own horse and weapons
(ii) The Bargirs who were provided with a horse and weapons by the state.
In simple words: The two types of cavalrymen were Shiledars, who owned their own equipment, and Bargirs, who received their horses and weapons from the state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly articulate the difference in equipment ownership between Shiledars and Bargirs.

Question 5. Who were the Chief Naval Commanders?
Answer: Maynak Bhandari and Daulatkhan were the Chief Naval Commanders.
In simple words: Maynak Bhandari and Daulatkhan were the primary leaders commanding Shivaji Maharaj's naval forces.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the names of prominent military and naval commanders of Shivaji Maharaj.

Question 6. Name the enemies on the west coast, who created obstacles in the expansion of Swaraj.
Answer:
• The Portuguese of Goa
• The Siddi of Janjira
• The British factors of Surat
• The Rajapur.
In simple words: The Portuguese of Goa, the Siddi of Janjira, and the British factors of Surat and Rajapur were the main adversaries hindering Swaraj expansion on the west coast.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific coastal powers that posed challenges to Shivaji Maharaj's growing kingdom.

Question 7. What constituted the 'Ashtapradhan Mandal'?
Answer: Shivaji Maharaj appointed a council of eight ministers handling the affairs of eight different departments. These eight heads of department constituted the Ashtapradhan Mandal.
In simple words: The Ashtapradhan Mandal was a council of eight ministers, each heading a specific department, appointed by Shivaji Maharaj to administer the Swaraj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the Ashtapradhan Mandal by explaining its composition and primary function.

Question 8. How did Shivaji Maharaj appoint the council of ministers?
Answer: Shivaji Maharaj appointed the council on the basis of their merits and achievements, and they were paid handsome salaries.
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj selected his ministers based on their competence and past accomplishments, ensuring they were well-compensated for their service.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that appointments were merit-based, reflecting Shivaji Maharaj's emphasis on capable governance.

Question 9. How did Shivaji Maharaj describe the merchants?
Answer: Shivaji Maharaj described the merchants as “Merchants are the ornaments of the kingdom and the glory of the king".
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj highly valued merchants, considering them essential for the kingdom's prosperity and a source of pride for the ruler.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand Shivaji Maharaj's progressive views on trade and merchants, recognizing their economic importance.

Question 10. Name some of the famous sarnobats (officers) of the cavalry.
Answer:
• Netaji Palkar
• Prataprao
• Gujar
• Hambirrao Mohite.
In simple words: Famous Sarnobats of the cavalry included Netaji Palkar, Prataprao, Gujar, and Hambirrao Mohite, who were prominent military leaders.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to recall the names of key military commanders under Shivaji Maharaj.

Give Reasons:

Question 1. Shivaji Maharaj encouraged trade.
Answer:
• Shivaji knew that a kingdom does not prosper if the trade does not increase.
• Necessary goods could be brought in the kingdom.
• Prosperity of trade increased the wealth.
• Goods were available in plenty.
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj encouraged trade because he understood that a flourishing trade was crucial for the kingdom's prosperity, wealth generation, and ensuring the availability of essential goods.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect trade promotion directly to economic growth and the well-being of the kingdom.

Question 2. Shivaji Maharaj protected the salt industry in Konkan.
Answer:
• At that time, traders imported salt from the Portuguese territory and sold in Swaraj.
• They paid heavy duty on the salt.
• That affected the local trade in Konkan areas. Hence Shivaji Maharaj protected the salt Industry in Konkan.
In simple words: Shivaji Maharaj safeguarded the Konkan salt industry to prevent its decline due to high duties on Portuguese-imported salt, thereby supporting local trade and economy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how protecting local industries like salt production was a strategy for economic self-reliance.

Question 3. Forts were of great importance.
Answer:
• Possession of a fort made it possible to keep an eye on the surrounding area.
• In case of a foreign invasion, it was possible to protect the people by taking shelter in the fort.
• It was possible to stock the fort with food grains, war materials, ammunition and military garrison.
• Hence forts were of great importance.
In simple words: Forts were crucial for strategic surveillance, providing refuge for people during invasions, and serving as storage depots for provisions, arms, and military garrisons.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the multifaceted roles of forts – defensive, administrative, and logistical – to explain their importance.

Write About The Following In Your Own Words:

Question 1. Bahirji Naik
Answer:
• Bahirji Naik was the head of the intelligence department.
• He was extremely skilled in his job.
• He collected accurate and detailed information about the subject.
In simple words: Bahirji Naik was the highly skilled chief of Shivaji Maharaj's intelligence department, known for gathering precise and thorough information crucial for military and administrative decisions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Bahirji Naik's critical role and expertise in intelligence gathering for Shivaji Maharaj.

Question 2. Ashtapradhan Mandal of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:

In simple words: The Ashtapradhan Mandal was an efficient council of eight ministers, each with specific portfolios like Pradhan (administration), Amatya (accounts), Sachiv (royal edicts), Mantri (correspondence), Senapati (army), Sumant (foreign affairs), Nyayadhish (justice), and Panditrao (religious matters).

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the names, designations, and specific duties of each of the eight ministers in the Ashtapradhan Mandal.

Lets Learn:

Obtain Information About The Armed Forces Of India

Question 1. State the names of the three Armed forces.
Answer:
• The Indian Army
• The Indian Navy
• The Indian Air force
In simple words: India's armed forces consist of three main branches: the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, and the Indian Air Force.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the basic components of India's defense structure.

Question 2. What is the designation of the head of each forces?
Answer:
• The Indian Army – General
• The Indian Navy – Admiral
• The Indian Air force – Air Chief Marshal
In simple words: The Indian Army is headed by a General, the Indian Navy by an Admiral, and the Indian Air Force by an Air Chief Marshal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the highest ranks in each branch of the Indian Armed Forces.

Question 3. Who is the head of all the three forces?
Answer: The President of India is the head of all the three forces.
In simple words: The President of India serves as the supreme commander of all three branches of the armed forces.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the constitutional head of India's defense forces.