Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1: The muscular tube through which stored urine is passed out of the body is called –
(a) kidney
(b) ureter
(c) urethra
(d) urinary bladder
Solution 1: (c) urethra
Waste that is found in the blood needs to be taken out of the bloodstream. The blood capillaries of the kidneys do this. The waste that is dissolved in water is extracted as urine. The pee goes into the urinary bladder from the kidneys by tube-like ureters. It is contained in the bladder and flows out at the end of a muscular conduit called the urethra into the urinary opening.
Question 2: They are pipe-like, consisting of a group of specialized cells. They transport substances and form two-way traffic in plants. Which of the following terms qualify for the features mentioned above?
(a) Xylem tissue
(b) Vascular tissue
(c) Root hairs
(d) Phloem tissue
Solution 2: (d) Phloem tissue
A community of specialized cells are made up of phloem tissue. Elongated tubular conducting phloem channels through which food is transferred are sieve tubes. In the upward and downward directions, the contents of the phloem will shift. Therefore, in plants, they generate two-way traffic.
Question 3: The absorption of nutrients and exchange of respiratory gases between blood and tissues takes place in –
(a) veins
(b) arteries
(c) heart
(d) capillaries
Solution: (d) capillaries
Capillaries are very small blood vessels where liquids are transferred and nutrients are ingested. Their thin walls make the exchange smoother.
Question 4: In which of the following parts of the human body are sweat glands absent?
(a) Scalp
(b) Armpits
(c) Lips
(d) Palms
Solution 4: (c) Lips
Sweat glands are responsible for sweat manufacturing. These glands in the lips are absent, so the lips do not secrete sweat.
Question 5: In a tall tree, which force is responsible for pulling water and minerals from the soil?
(a) Gravitational force
(b) Transportation force
(c) Suction force
(d) Conduction force
Solution 5: (c) Suction force
Roots continually extract water and nutrients from the soil. Water evaporation from leaves induces a suction force that allows the water to flow upward.
Question 6: Aquatic animals like fish excrete their wastes in gaseous form as
(a) Oxygen
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Ammonia
(d) Nitrogen
Solution 6: (c) Ammonia
Oxygen is released by plants, hydrogen is a result of cellular waste, nitrogen is excreted in urea form, and urea-excreting animals are referred to as ureotelic organisms. In the presence of ammonia gas that dissolves in water, marine species can excrete waste products and these creatures are known as ammonotelic animals.
Very Short Answer Questions......................
Question 7: Veins have valves which allow blood to flow only in one direction. Arteries do not have valves. Yet the blood flows in one direction only. Can you explain why?
Solution 7: The arteries have thick elastic valves and blood flows easily at high pressure in the arteries. Owing to this, blood only flows in one direction.
Question 8: What is the special feature present in a human heart which does not allow mixing of blood when oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide-rich blood reach the heart?
Solution 8: The human heart is four-chambered, but as blood enters the heart, oxygen-rich and carbon-dioxide-rich would not combine.
Question 9: Name the organ which is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly tilted towards the left.
Solution 9: Heart is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly tilted towards the left.
Short Answer Questions......................
Question 10: Look at Figure 11.1. Draw another figure of the same set-up as would be observed after a few hours.
Solution 10:
Question 11: Arrange the following statements in the correct order in which they occur during the formation and removal of urine in human beings.
(a) Ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder.
(b) Wastes dissolved in water is filtered out as urine in the kidneys.
(c) Urine stored in the urinary bladder is passed out through the urinary opening at the end of the urethra.
(d) Blood containing useful and harmful substances reaches the kidneys for filtration.
(e) Useful substances are absorbed back into the blood.
Solution 11:
(d) Blood containing useful and harmful substances reaches the kidneys for filtration.
(e) Useful substances are absorbed back into the blood.
(b) Wastes dissolved in water is filtered out as urine in the kidneys.
(a) Ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder.
(c) Urine stored in the urinary bladder is passed out through the urinary opening at the end of the urethra.
Question 12: Paheli uprooted a rose plant from the soil. Most of the root tips, with root hairs, got left behind in the soil. She planted it in a pot with new soil and watered it regularly. Will the plant grow or die? Give a reason for your answer.
Solution 12: The possible chances may take place
- Without root hair, water and nutrients cannot be absorbed by roots and plants will therefore die.
- A rose plant's stem may grow into new plants, so that plant survives.
- When moved to a new soil form, the rose plant will die.
Question 13:
(a) Name the only artery that carries carbon dioxide-rich blood.
(b) Why is it called an artery if it does not carry oxygen-rich blood?
Solution 13:
- Pulmonary artery carries carbon dioxide-rich blood.
- It is called an artery because it carries carbon-rich blood away from the heart.
Question 14: Boojho’s uncle was hospitalised and put on dialysis after a severe infection in both of his kidneys.
(a) What is dialysis?
(b) When does it become necessary to take such a treatment?
Solution 14:
a) Dialysis is the intermittent blood filtering of an artificial kidney.
b) While kidney is not working dialysis is administered.
Question 15: Name the process and the organ which helps in removing the following wastes from the body.
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Undigested food
(c) Urine
(d) Sweat
Solution 15:
Question 16: Observe Figure 11.2 and answer the given questions:
(a) Name the instrument.
(b) Label the parts A, B and C.
Solution 16:
(a) The name of the instrument is stethoscope.
(b)
Question 17: Paheli noticed water being pulled up by a motor-pump to an overhead tank of a five-storeyed building. She wondered how water moves up to great heights in the tall trees standing next to the building. Can you tell why?
Solution 17: Roots continually extract water and nutrients from the soil. Water evaporation from leaves induces a suction force that allows the water to flow upward.
Long Answer Questions.................
Question 18: Match the parts of the heart in Column I with the direction of flow of blood in Column II.
Solution 18:
Question 19: Read the following terms given below.
Root hairs, xylem, urethra, arteries, kidneys, veins, atria, capillaries, heart, ureter, phloem, urinary bladder
Group the terms on the basis of the categories given below:
(a) The circulatory system of animals.
(b) Excretory system in human.
(c) Transport of substances in plants.
Solution 19:
(a) The circulatory system of animals
Arteries, atria, capillaries, veins, heart.
(b) Excretory system in human
Ureter, kidneys, urethra, urinary bladder.
(c) Transport of substances in plants
Root hairs, xylem, phloem.
Question 20: Fill in the blanks of the following paragraph using just two words – arteries and veins.
___(a)___ carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body and ___ (b)___ carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart. ___ (c)___ have thin walls and __ (d)___ have thick elastic walls. Blood flows at high pressure in ___ (e)____. Valves are present in __ (f) ___ which allow blood to flow only towards the heart. __ (g)___ divide into smaller vessels. These vessels further divide into extremely thin tubes called capillaries. The capillaries join up to form ____ (h)_____.
Solution 20:
(a) Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body and (b) veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart. (c) Veins have thin walls and (d) arteries have thick elastic walls. Blood flows at high pressure in (e) arteries. Valves are present in (f) veins which allow blood to flow only towards the heart. (g) Arteries divide into smaller vessels. These vessels further divide into extremely thin tubes called capillaries. The capillaries join up to form (h) veins.
Question 21: While learning to ride a bicycle Boojho lost his balance and fell. He got bruises on his knees and it started bleeding. However, the bleeding stopped after some time.
(a) Why did the bleeding stop?
(b) What would be the colour of the wounded area and why?
(c) Which type of blood cells is responsible for clotting of blood?
Solution 21:
- Because of blood clot forming, the bleeding ceased.
- Deep red as a result of blood clotting.
- Platelets are responsible for blood clotting.