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NCERT Book for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 The sBlock Elements
Class 11 Chemistry students should refer to the following NCERT Book Chapter 10 The sBlock Elements in Class 11. This NCERT Book for Class 11 Chemistry will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks
Chapter 10 The sBlock Elements NCERT Book Class 11
THE s -BLOCK ELEMENTS
The s-block elements of the Periodic Table are those in which the last electron enters the outermost s-orbital. As the s-orbital can accommodate only two electrons, two groups (1 & 2) belong to the s-block of the Periodic Table.Group 1 of the Periodic Table consists of the elements: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium. They are collectively known as the alkali metals. These are so called because they form hydroxides on reaction with water which are strongly alkaline in nature. The elements of Group 2 include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium. These elements with the exception of beryllium are commonly known as the alkaline earth metals. These are so called because their oxides and hydroxides are alkaline in nature and these metal oxides are found in the earth’s crust.
Among the alkali metals sodium and potassium are abundant and lithium, rubidium and caesium have much lower abundances (Table 10.1). Francium is highly radioactive; its longest-lived isotope 223Fr has a half-life of only 21 minutes. Of the alkaline earth metals calcium and magnesium rank fifth and sixth in abundance respectively in the earth’s crust. Strontium and barium have much lower abundances. Beryllium is rare and radium is the rarest of all comprising only 10–10 per cent of igneous rocks† (Table 10.2, page 299).
The general electronic configuration of s-block elements is [noble gas]ns1 for alkali metals and [noble gas] ns2 for alkaline earth metals.
Lithium and beryllium, the first elements of Group 1 and Group 2 respectively exhibit some properties which are different from those of the other members of the respective group. In these anomalous properties they resemble the second element of the following group. Thus, lithium shows similarities to magnesium and beryllium to aluminium in many of their properties.
This type of diagonal similarity is commonly referred to as diagonal relationship in the periodic table. The diagonal relationship is due to the similarity in ionic sizes and /or charge/radius ratio of the elements. Monovalent sodium and potassium ions and divalent magnesium and calcium ions are found in large proportions in biological fluids. These ions perform important biological functions such as maintenance of ion balance and nerve impulse conduction.
10.1 GROUP 1 ELEMENTS: ALKALI METALS
The alkali metals show regular trends in their physical and chemical properties with the increasing atomic number. The atomic, physical and chemical properties of alkali metals are discussed below.
10.1.1 Electronic Configuration
All the alkali metals have one valence electron, ns1 (Table 10.1) outside the noble gas core. The loosely held s-electron in the outermost valence shell of these elements makes them the most electropositive metals. They readily lose electron to give monovalent M+ ions. Hence they are never found in free state in nature.
10.1.2 Atomic and Ionic Radii
The alkali metal atoms have the largest sizes in a particular period of the periodic table. With increase in atomic number, the atom becomes larger. The monovalent ions (M+) are smaller than the parent atom. The atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals increase on moving down the group i.e., they increase in size while going from Li to Cs.
10.1.3 Ionization Enthalpy
The ionization enthalpies of the alkali metals are considerably low and decrease down the group from Li to Cs. This is because the effect of increasing size outweighs the increasing nuclear charge, and the outermost electron is very well screened from the nuclear charge.
10.1.4 Hydration Enthalpy
The hydration enthalpies of alkali metal ions decrease with increase in ionic sizes.
Li+> Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ Li+
has maximum degree of hydration and for this reason lithium salts are mostly hydrated, e.g., LiCl· 2H2O
Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 11 Chemistry The s-Block Elements
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Some Basic Concepts Of Chemistry |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Structure of Atom |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Classification of Elements and Periodicity In Properties |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry State Of Matter |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Thermodynamics |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Equilibrium |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Redox Reactions |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Hydrogen |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry The s Block Elements |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry The p Block Elements |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Organic Chemistry Some Basic Priciples and Techniques |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Hydrocarbons |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Environmental Chemistry |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Answer of Some Selected Problems |
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Answer to Some Selected Problems |
Chemistry NCERT Book Class 11 Chapter 10 The sBlock Elements
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NCERT Book Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 The sBlock Elements
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Class 11 Chapter 10 The sBlock Elements NCERT Book Chemistry
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