NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques

Read and download NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques in NCERT book for Class 11 Chemistry. You can download latest NCERT eBooks chapter wise in PDF format free from Studiestoday.com. This Chemistry textbook for Class 11 is designed by NCERT and is very useful for students. Please also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Chemistry to understand the answers of the exercise questions given at the end of this chapter

NCERT Book for Class 11 Chemistry Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques

Class 11 Chemistry students should refer to the following NCERT Book Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques in Class 11. This NCERT Book for Class 11 Chemistry will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques NCERT Book Class 11

 

                                                                   BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

The laboratory apparatus for carrying out reactions, in general, is made up of glass. It is because glass is resistant to the action of most of the chemicals. Generally, two types of glass are used for making apparatus for laboratory work. These are soda-lime glass and borosilicate glass. Soda-lime glass, which is made by heating soda, limestone and silica, softens readily at about 300-400°C in the burner flame. Therefore, on heating glass tubings made of soda-lime glass easily softens and can be bent. Coefficient of expansion of soda glass is very high, therefore on sudden heating and cooling, it may break. To avoid breaking, it should be heated and cooled gradually. Annealing by mild reheating and uniform cooling prevents breakage. Such glass should not be kept on cold surface while it is hot, since sudden cooling may break it. Borosilicate glass does not soften below 700-800°C and requires oxygennatural gas flame for working. Natural gas mixed with oxygen is burnt to get the oxygen-natural gas flame. Coefficient of expansion of this glass is low and apparatus made of this glass can withstand sudden changes in temperature. Therefore, apparatus used for heating purposes is made from borosilicate glass. On heating, glass apparatus made up of borosilicate glass does not distort. In the following pages you will learn about some of the techniques of handling glass tubes and glass rods without injuring yourself. Also, you will learn the techniques of using laboratory apparatus and equipments.

(ii) Keep the lower end of a triangular file with its sharp edge perpendicular to the tube to be marked and pull it towards you to make a single deep scratch on the glass tube or the glass rod at a desired length (Fig. 2.1 a).

(iii) Keep thumbs of your hands on both sides, very close and opposite to the scratch as shown in Fig. 2.1 b and break the glass tube or rod by applying pressure from your thumbs in a direction away from you (Fig. 2.1 c). Break the tube/ rod by holding it with a cloth so that hands are not harmed.

(iv) If the glass tube does not break, make a deeper scratch at the point marked earlier and make a fresh attempt.

(v) Trim any jagged edge by striking with a wire gauge (Fig. 2.2 a).

(vi) Heat the freshly cut edge of the tube gently in the flame to make the edges round and smooth (Fig. 2.2 b). This is called fire polishing. For fire polishing, first continuously warm the cut end in the Bunsen flame and then rotate it back and forth until the edge is rounded. Too much heating may distort the rounded edge (Fig. 2.2 c).

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Chapter 01 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Some Basic Concepts Of Chemistry
Chapter 02 Structure of Atom
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Structure of Atom
Chapter 03 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Classification of Elements and Periodicity In Properties
Chapter 04 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chapter 05 States of Matter
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry State Of Matter
Chapter 06 Thermodynamics
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Thermodynamics
Chapter 08 Redox Reactions
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Redox Reactions
Chapter 10 The s-Block Elements
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry The s Block Elements
Chapter 11 The p-Block Elements
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry The p Block Elements
Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles & Techniques
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Organic Chemistry Some Basic Priciples and Techniques
Chapter 14 Environmental Chemistry
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Environmental Chemistry
Part I Answer to Some Selected Problems
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Answer of Some Selected Problems
Part II Answer to Some Selected Problems
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Answer to Some Selected Problems

NCERT Book Class 11 Chemistry Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques

The above NCERT Books for Class 11 Chemistry Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques have been published by NCERT for latest academic session. The textbook by NCERT for Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques Chemistry Class 11 is being used by various schools and almost all education boards in India. Teachers have always recommended students to refer to Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques NCERT etextbooks as the exams for Class 11 Chemistry are always asked as per the syllabus defined in these ebooks. These Class 11 Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques book for Chemistry also includes collection of question. Along with Chemistry Class 11 NCERT Book in Pdf for Lab Manual Basic Laboratory Techniques we have provided all NCERT Books in English Medium for Class 11 which will be really helpful for students who have opted for english language as a medium. Class 11 students will need their books in English so we have provided them here for all subjects in Class 11.

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