CBSE Class 11 Accounting Recording of Transactions

Accounting-Recording of Transactions

Books of Original Entry

The books of accounts where in transactions are recorded for the first time from a source document are called ‘Books of Original Entry’. A document which provides evidence of the transactions is called a source document or voucher,for e.g. cash memo, invoice, sales bills, pay-in-slips, cheques, salary slips, debit notes, credit notes, receipts etc. We will discuss about vouchers in greater detail in Chapter 4. Journal is one of the basic books of original entry in which transactions are originally recorded in a chronological order, i.e. one after the other in order of their happening according to the principles of double entry system. When the size of the business is small then all its transactions can be recorded in a single journal. But as the size of the business grows, it no longer remains possible to record all the transactions in a single journal. In such a situation more than one journal may be used - each such journal is called a sub-journal. A particular type of transaction may be recorded in a sub-journal, or subsidiary book, for e.g., all credit purchases of goods may be recorded in one journal called the purchases book and all credit sales of goods may be recorded in another sub-journal called sales day book. These journals are called as ‘Special purpose subsidiary books’ or ‘books of original entry’. The important types of subsidiary books are Cash Book, Purchases Book Sales Book, Purchases Return Book, Sales Return Book, Bills Receivable Book, Bills Payable Book and Journal Proper.

These books are called books of original entry because transactions are first of all recorded in these books. An enterprise need not maintain all of the above books - it may maintain any of the above books, according to its needs and requirements.

2.2. Journal

Journal is the basic book of original entry. Transactions in the journal are recorded in chronological order, i.e., the transaction which happened first followed by the next transaction and so on. The journal provides a date-wise record of all the transactions with details of the amounts debited and credited and the amount of each transaction.

Maintenance of the different columns of the journal has been discussed below.

(i) Date: The first column in the journal is the date column. In this column the date on which the transaction took place is entered. The year and month is written only once till they change. First the year of the transaction is written followed by the month and lastly the date of the transaction is entered.

(ii) Particular: In the ‘particular’ column, the particulars of the transactions are recorded. We know that every transaction affects at least two accounts - one account is debited and the other account is credited. First the account to be debited is identified and the name of this account is recorded in the particulars column. After writing the name of the account to be debited in the first line in the particular column, in the second line we write the name of the account which is to be credited after its identification. Some space is to be left before we start writing the second line. This is done just to clearly distinguish between the account(s) to be debited and the account(s) to be credited. The word ‘To’ is prefixed to the name of the account to be credited. After writing the names of the accounts to be debited and credited a small explanation of the transaction called ‘Narration’ is written. Narration explains the reasons for the happening of the transactions. A line is drawn after the narration which touches both the date column on the one hand and ledger folio column on the other hand indicating that the recording of the transaction is completed.

(iii) Ledge Folio or L.F. : All entries from the journal are posted in the ledger which contains different accounts. In the L.F. column the folio number of the ledger where the posting has been done is recorded. For example, suppose the ‘Machinery Account’ in ledger appears at folio number 151, if by a journal entry Machinery Account has been debited than 151 will be written in the L.F. column against Machinery Account which will indicate that this transaction has been debited at folio number 151 in the ledger where ‘Machinery Account’ exists.

Please refer to the link below - CBSE Class 11 Accounting-Recording of Transactions