CBSE Class 11 Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter Notes

Class-XI

Chapter 11: Thermal Properties of Matter

Key Learning

1. Heat is a form of energy that brings about changes in temperature.

2. Temperature is that quality of an object which determines the  sensation of hotness or coldness felt when there is contact with the object.

3. Heat is the transfer of energy between two systems or a system and its surroundings.

4. Heat flows from body at higher temperature to body at lower temperature.

5. Thermometer uses a measurable property that changes with temperature.

6. In constant volume gas thermometer, PœT

7. When two objects achieve the same temperature and there is no net transfer of heat between then they are in thermal equilibrium.

8. Heat capacity is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a body by one degree. Its unit is joules per kelvin or J K^-1

9. The specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by one degree. SI unit is joules per kilogram per kelvin or J kg ^-1 K^-1and the symbol is c.

10. Calorimeter is a device used for heat measurement.

11. In an isolated system, heat lost = heat gained.

12. Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.

13. Different phases of a substance at a fixed temperature have different internal energies.

14. Latent heat of fusion is the heat required to change unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid at same temperature and pressure.

15. Latent heat of vaporization is the heat required to change unit mass of a substance from liquid to vapor state at same temperature and pressure.

16. The three mechanisms of heat transfer are – Conduction, Convection and Radiation.

17. Radiation is energy transfer through electromagnetic radiation.

18. Newton’s law of cooling states that the rate of loss of heat is proportional to the excess temperature over the surroundings. -dQ/dt = k (T₂ – T₁)

19. In conduction, heat is transferred between neighbouring parts of a body through molecular collisions, without any flow of matter.

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