NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade
You have already studied about the various aspects of International trade in the book Fundamentals of Human Geography. International Trade is mutually beneficial as no country is self-sufficient. India’s international trade has undergone a sea change in recent years in terms…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements
Human Settlement means cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human beings live. For this purpose, people may erect houses and other structures and command some area or territory as their economic support-base. Thus, the process of settlement inherently involves …
NCERT Class 12 Geography Water Resources
WATER RESOURCES Do you think that what exists today will continue to be so, or the future is going to be different in some respects? It can be said with some certainty that the societies will witness demographic transition, geographical shift of population, technological…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN CONTEXT The word ‘planning’ is not new to you as it is a part of everyday usage. You must have used it with reference to preparation for your examination or visit to a hill station. It involves the process of thinking, formulation…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
POPULATION The people are very important component of a country. India is the second most populous country after China in the world with its total population of 1,028 million (2001). India’s population is larger than the total population of North America, South America and…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Mineral and Energy Resources
MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES India is endowed with a rich variety of mineral resources due to its varied geological structure. Bulk of the valuable minerals are products of pre-palaezoic age (Refer: Chapter 2 of Class XI, Textbook: “Fundamentals of Physical Geography” and are…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping
Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping You have learnt various methods of data processing and representation that you can use to analyse the geographical phenomena in the preceding chapters. You must have observed that these methods are time consuming and tedious. Have…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Manufacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES We use various items to satisfy our needs. Agricultural products like wheat, rice, etc. are to be processed into flour, husked rice before we consume these. But besides bread and rice, we also require clothes, books, fans, cars, medicines, etc. and…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Graphical Representation of Data
Graphichal Representation of Data You must have seen graphs, diagrams and maps showing different types of data.For example, the thematic maps shown in Chapter 1 of book for Class XI entitled Practical Work in Geography, Part-I (NCERT, 2006) depict relief and slope, climatic …
NCERT Class 12 Geography Spatial Information Technology
Spatial Information Technology You know that the computers enhance our capabilities in data processing and in drawing graphs, diagrams and maps (Refer Chapter 4 of the present book). The disciplines that deals with the principles and methods of data processing and mapping…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Land Resorces and Agriculture
LAND RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURE You must have observed that the land around you is put to different uses. Some land is occupied by rivers, some may have trees and on some parts roads and buildings have been built. Different types of lands are suited to different uses. Human…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary
Glossary Bar Graph : A series of columns or bars drawn proportional in length to the quantities they represent. They are drawn on a selected scale. They may be drawn either horizontally or vertically. Central Tendency : The tendency of quantitative data to cluster around some…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Field Surveys
Field Survey You have studied aspects of Physical Geography of the world as well as of India in Class XI. In the present class, besides the Practical Work in Geography you will also study various aspects of Human Geography. While studying these aspects, you may have observed…
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Processing
Data Processing You have learnt in previous chapter that organising and presenting data makes them comprehensible. It facilitates data processing. A number of statistical techniques are used to analyse the data. In this chapter, you will learn the following statistical…