Selina Concise Solutions for ICSE Class 7 History Civics Chapter 10 Making of Composite Culture Sufi and Bhakti Movements

Making of Composite Culture - Sufi and Bhakti Movements

Important Words

• Silsilas: Silsilas were the groups or communities of the Sufis. Two famous groups in India were the Chishti and Suhrawardi orders.
• Monotheism: Monotheism is the belief that there is only one God.
• Dohas: Dohas were short, lovely poems in Hindi used by Kabir to share his ideas.
• Gurumat: Gurumat means what the guru teaches. It is another name for Sikhism.
• Guru Granth Sahib: Guru Granth Sahib is the sacred book of the Sikhs, also called the Adi Granth.
• Khalsa: Khalsa was a strong group of Sikh soldier-saints made by Guru Gobind Singh to protect people.

Time To Learn

I. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1. The Sufi saints were organised into various orders or __________.
Answer: Silsilahs
In simple words: Sufi saints lived in different spiritual groups called Silsilahs.

Exam Tip: Remember that Silsilas refers to the monastic orders of the Sufi mystics.

Question 2. The Chishti order was established in India by __________.
Answer: Moin-ud-din Chishti
In simple words: A famous saint named Moin-ud-din Chishti started the Chishti group in India.

Exam Tip: This is a very common question, so make sure to spell the saint's name correctly.

Question 3. Kabir’s couplets were known as __________.
Answer: Kabirpanthis
In simple words: The poems or verses of Kabir are sometimes referred to as Kabirpanthis in this textbook.

Exam Tip: Even though Kabir's couplets are commonly called dohas, write Kabirpanthis as per your textbook chapter.

Question 4. Guru Nanak was born in __________.
Answer: 1469 AD
In simple words: Guru Nanak, who founded the Sikh faith, was born in the year 1469 AD.

Exam Tip: Memorize the exact birth year 1469 AD as it is frequently asked in multiple-choice or blank-filling questions.

Question 5. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu believed in __________ as the most important means of expressing devotion to God.
Answer: kirtan
In simple words: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu taught that singing group prayers, or kirtan, is the best way to show love to God.

Exam Tip: Focus on spelling "kirtan" correctly as the primary practice of Chaitanya.

Question 6. Meerabai worshipped __________.
Answer: Krishna
In simple words: Meerabai was a famous queen who spent her life praying to Lord Krishna.

Exam Tip: Krishna is the central deity for Meerabai's famous devotional songs.

Question 7. Ramanand preached the worship of __________.
Answer: Rama
In simple words: Ramanand was a great saint who told people to pray to Lord Rama.

Exam Tip: Pair Ramanand with Lord Rama to easily recall this answer.

Question 8. Sant Jnaneshwar wrote a commentary on the Gita, known as __________.
Answer: Dhyaneshwari
In simple words: Sant Jnaneshwar wrote a book named Dhyaneshwari to explain the holy Gita.

Exam Tip: The name "Dhyaneshwari" is derived from Sant Jnaneshwar, which helps in remembering it.

Question 9. Sant Tukaram composed devotional songs in praise of __________.
Answer: Vithoba (Lord Krishna)
In simple words: Sant Tukaram sang religious songs to praise Lord Vithoba, another form of Lord Krishna.

Exam Tip: Note that Vithoba is another name or form of Lord Krishna in Maharashtra.

Question 10. The Bhakti and Sufi movements brought about an __________ among the Hindus and Muslims.
Answer: understanding
In simple words: Both movements helped Hindus and Muslims understand and live peacefully with each other.

Exam Tip: Remember that unity and mutual respect were the core social aims of both movements.

II. Match the contents of Column A with those of Column B:

Answer:
The correct matching is given below:

In simple words: This table shows the correct places connected with each of the famous religious saints.

Exam Tip: Be sure to match saints with their exact birthplaces and tomb (dargah) locations, as these are common matching questions.

III. State whether the following statements are Ture or False:

Question 1. Early Sufis came from Central Asia.
Answer: False
In simple words: The early Sufi saints did not come from Central Asia.

Exam Tip: Early Sufis actually originated from West Asia, particularly Persia and Iraq.

Question 2. Sufis believed in caste distinctions.
Answer: False
In simple words: Sufis did not believe in dividing people by caste; they saw everyone as equal.

Exam Tip: Sufi philosophy strongly supports social equality and rejects any caste system.

Question 3. Meerabai was an ardent devotee of Lord Krishna.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Meerabai loved and worshipped Lord Krishna deeply.

Exam Tip: Meerabai's poems and bhajans are entirely dedicated to Lord Krishna.

Question 4. Kabir was a weaver by profession.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Kabir made his living by weaving cloth.

Exam Tip: Remember Kabir's occupation as a weaver, which is often used to show his humble background.

Question 5. The Marathi devotional songs are known as kirtans.
Answer: False
In simple words: The religious songs in Maharashtra are actually called abhangs, not kirtans.

Exam Tip: Keep in mind that "abhangs" is the specific term for devotional poetry in Maharashtra, such as those by Tukaram.

Question 6. Sant Tukaram was a contemporary of Shivaji.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Sant Tukaram lived during the same time as the great leader Shivaji.

Exam Tip: Knowing which saints lived at the same time as historical rulers is helpful for timeline questions.

IV. Answer the following questions:

Question 1. Who were the Sufis? What were their teachings? Name some famous Sufi saints.
Answer:
Sufis were Muslim saints who loved God deeply. They began a new religious group in West Asia to reform society.

Teachings of Sufism:
1. There is only one God. We are all God's children.
2. Everyone in the world is equal. No one is higher or lower.
3. Different religions are just different ways to reach the same God. We should respect every faith.
4. We need a holy teacher, called a pir, to show us the correct spiritual path.

Famous Sufi Saints: Moin-ud-din Chishti, Baba Farid, and Nizam-ud-din Auliya.
In simple words: Sufis were loving Muslim saints who believed in one God. They taught that all humans are equal and should respect each other.

Exam Tip: To get full marks, list at least three main teachings and name two famous Sufi saints like Baba Farid and Chishti.

Question 2. What do you understand by Bhakti? What were the teachings of the Bhakti reformers?
Answer:
The term Bhakti stands for deep love and prayer to God. Important leaders of this group were Ramananda, Kabir, Guru Nanak, Meerabai, and Chaitanya.

Teachings of the Bhakti Reformers:
1. They taught that we can reach God through pure love and devotion.
2. They believed everyone is a child of the same God. Therefore, they rejected caste rules and useless rituals.
3. They focused on doing good works and living a clean life.
4. They said people do not need to leave their families or homes to find God.
5. All these saints believed that God is one. They wanted all humans to live like brothers.
In simple words: Bhakti means loving God with all your heart. Bhakti saints taught that everyone is equal and God is one.

Exam Tip: Remember to mention that Bhakti saints did not ask people to leave their families to reach God.

Question 3. Who was Kabir? What were his teachings?
Answer:
Kabir was a famous and beloved saint of the Bhakti movement. He worked hard to bring people together.

Teachings of Kabir:
1. He wanted Hindus and Muslims to live together in peace.
2. He believed that God is one. He taught that Ishwar and Allah are just different names for the same divine power.
3. He taught people to love God and treat everyone like a brother.
4. He stood against caste divisions. He believed that only good actions lead us to God.
5. For this reason, he spoke out against empty rituals and praying to idols.
In simple words: Kabir was a saint who believed God is one. He taught that good deeds and love are more important than rituals.

Exam Tip: Highlight Kabir's view on Hindu-Muslim unity and his rejection of idol worship and caste divisions for maximum marks.

Question 4. How were the Bhakti and Sufi movements similar?
Answer:
The Bhakti and Sufi movements shared many key ideas:

1. Both groups believed there is only one supreme God.
2. Both of them strongly stood against any division based on caste or religion.
3. They showed people that there is no real difference between a Hindu and a Muslim.
4. They taught that everyone is a child of God. The easiest way to find God is to love all of humanity.
In simple words: Both Bhakti and Sufi saints believed in one God, treated everyone as equal, and taught people to love each other.

Exam Tip: Focus on points like monotheism, rejection of caste, and love for humanity when comparing these two movements.

Question 5. Who was the founder of the Sikh religion? What are his main teachings?
Answer:
Guru Nanak Dev was the person who started the Sikh faith. His key messages were:

1. There is only one God.
2. God is the ultimate truth.
3. He rejected caste divisions that keep people apart.
4. He started the Langar, a shared kitchen where everyone eats together regardless of caste.
5. He spoke against meaningless rituals and empty religious rules.
6. He urged people to show real, heartfelt love to God.
7. He believed that people do not need to leave their family life to find peace or salvation.
In simple words: Guru Nanak founded Sikhism. He taught that God is one, everyone is equal, and we should share food and love others.

Exam Tip: Mentioning the concept of 'Langar' (community kitchen) is crucial when writing about Guru Nanak's teachings on social equality.

(Making of Composite Culture - Sufi and Bhakti Movements)

A. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1. As the spirit of __________ and __________ developed between the Hindus and the Muslims, two liberal religious __________ movements took shape in the Medieval Period. They were the __________ and __________ movements.
Answer: tolerance, understanding, reform, sufi, Bhakti
In simple words: When Hindus and Muslims started living together peacefully, two gentle reform movements called Sufi and Bhakti began in medieval India.

Exam Tip: Remember both "Sufi" and "Bhakti" as the two parallel liberal reform movements of the medieval era.

Question 2. The Sufis came to India with the __________ in the __________ century ce. Over the years, they absorbed __________ and __________ influences and were greatly respected by the __________ as well as the __________.
Answer: Turks, 12th, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslims, Hindu
In simple words: Sufis came to India with Turkish rulers in the 1200s, learned from Hindu and Buddhist ideas, and became loved by both Muslims and Hindus.

Exam Tip: Note down the 12th century as the arrival period of Sufi saints along with the Turks.

Question 3. The Bhakti Movement began in __________ India in the __________ century ce and became a popular movement before the arrival of the __________.
Answer: South, 7th, Turks
In simple words: The Bhakti movement actually started in Southern India back in the 7th century, long before Turkish rulers came.

Exam Tip: Remember that South India is the birthplace of the Bhakti movement, starting as early as the 7th century.

Question 4. There were __________ Sikh gurus.
Answer: 10
In simple words: The Sikh religion was guided by a line of ten holy gurus.

Exam Tip: 10 is the total number of human gurus in Sikhism, starting with Guru Nanak and ending with Guru Gobind Singh.

Question 5. The holy book of the Sikhs is known as the __________.
Answer: Shri Guru Granth Sahibji
In simple words: The sacred scripture of the Sikh faith is called the Shri Guru Granth Sahibji.

Exam Tip: Be respectful and precise with the spelling of "Shri Guru Granth Sahibji".

Question 6. The Sikhs worship in a __________ which means door of the __________.
Answer: Gurdwara, guru
In simple words: Sikhs go to a place called a Gurdwara to pray, which literally means the door or house of the guru.

Exam Tip: The word "Gurdwara" translates to the gateway or door of the Guru.

B. Match the following

Answer:
The correct matching is given below:

In simple words: This table links each term or saint with their correct meaning or belief.

Exam Tip: Be sure to associate Kabir with the teaching that Ishwar, Allah, Ram, and Rahim are all names for one God.

C. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1. The Sufis were a group of:
(a) Hindu mystics
(b) Buddhist mystics
(c) Muslim mystics
(d) None of the options
Answer: (c) Muslim mystics
In simple words: Sufi saints were peaceful and spiritual teachers from the Muslim faith.

Exam Tip: Sufis are specifically known as Islamic or Muslim mystics who focused on inner love for God.

Question 2. The word 'bhakti' means:
(a) fear of God
(b) following rituals
(c) devotion to God
(d) None of the options
Answer: (c) devotion to God
In simple words: Bhakti means loving and praying to God with all your heart.

Exam Tip: The literal meaning of the word Bhakti is devotion or deep love.

Question 3. The Bhakti saints drew their inspiration from the Bhagwad Gita and the:
(a) Vedas
(b) Puranas
(c) Upanishads
(d) None of the options
Answer: (c) Upanishads
In simple words: The Bhakti saints got their ideas from the holy Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishads.

Exam Tip: The philosophy of the Bhakti movement is deeply connected to both the Gita and the Upanishads.

Question 4. Who was the founder of the Sikh religion?
(a) Guru Nanak
(b) Guru Tegh Bahadur
(c) Guru Gobind Singh
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) Guru Nanak
In simple words: Guru Nanak is the saint who started the Sikh religion.

Exam Tip: Make sure not to confuse the founder, Guru Nanak, with later gurus like Guru Gobind Singh.

Question 5. The word 'Sikh' is derived from a word which means:
(a) teacher
(b) disciple
(c) warrior
(d) None of the options
Answer: (b) disciple
In simple words: The name Sikh comes from a word that means a student or follower.

Exam Tip: The word "Sikh" is the Punjabi form of the Sanskrit word "shishya", which means disciple.

D. State whether the following are true or false:

Question 1. The organization of the Sufis was known as the sangha.
Answer: False (Correct: The organization of the Sufis was known as the silsilas.)
In simple words: Sufi groups were called silsilas, not sanghas. Sanghas are Buddhist groups.

Exam Tip: Sangha is a term used in Buddhism, while Silsilas is used in Sufism.

Question 2. Bhakti saints believed in monotheism.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Bhakti saints believed that there is only one God.

Exam Tip: Monotheism, or the belief in a single God, was a core message of both Bhakti and Sufi movements.

Question 3. Ramananda taught his message through dohas.
Answer: False (Correct: Kabir taught his message through dohas.)
In simple words: It was Kabir, not Ramananda, who wrote simple poems called dohas to share his message.

Exam Tip: Always associate the word "dohas" directly with Kabir.

Question 4. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was a believer in the importance of following rituals.
Answer: False (Correct: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was a believer in the existence of God.)
In simple words: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu did not focus on empty rituals; he believed in loving God through kirtan.

Exam Tip: Most Bhakti saints, including Chaitanya, rejected elaborate rituals in favor of simple love and devotion.

Question 5. Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Aurangzeb.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb ordered the execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur.

Exam Tip: Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Sikh Guru, and his execution is a key historical event in the Mughal-Sikh relationship.

E. Answer the following questions in one or two words/ sentences:

Question 1. Who were the Sufis?
Answer: Sufis were spiritual Muslim saints. They started a movement to reform religion in West Asia.
In simple words: Sufis were loving Muslim saints who wanted to improve religious life in West Asia.

Exam Tip: Define them as "Muslim mystics" and mention their region of origin as "West Asia".

Question 2. What are silsilas?
Answer: Silsilas were the organized spiritual or monastic groups of the Sufi saints.
In simple words: Silsilas are the different spiritual groups that Sufis belonged to.

Exam Tip: A silsila represents a lineage or order in Sufi mysticism, led by a master.

Question 3. Name the two popular Sufi orders in India.
Answer: The Chishti and the Suhrawardi orders were the two most popular Sufi groups in India.
In simple words: The Chishti and Suhrawardi groups were the most famous Sufi paths in India.

Exam Tip: Chishti and Suhrawardi are the two most important Sufi orders to remember for medieval Indian history.

Question 4. What is the importance of qawwali in Sufism?
Answer: Sufis believed that singing qawwali, which is spiritual music, helps a person feel closer to God.
In simple words: Qawwali is a special religious music that Sufis used to feel God's presence.

Exam Tip: Music (Sama or Qawwali) was used by Sufis as a path to achieve spiritual ecstasy and reach God.

Question 5. Mention any one positive effect of the Bhakti Movement on Hindu-Muslim unity.
Answer: The Bhakti movement taught that there is only one God and that all humans are equal. This helped Hindus and Muslims respect each other and live together in peace.
In simple words: By teaching that everyone is equal under one God, the movement helped Hindus and Muslims become friendly.

Exam Tip: Focus on terms like "mutual respect," "equality," and "peaceful coexistence" to secure full marks.

Question 6. What are dohas?
Answer: Dohas are short, simple poems in Hindi that Kabir used to share his spiritual messages.
In simple words: Dohas are two-line Hindi poems that Kabir wrote to teach people about God.

Exam Tip: Dohas are specifically two-line couplets, and they are most famously associated with Sant Kabir.

Question 7. How did Meera Bai spread the message of Bhakti among the people.
Answer: Meerabai sang devotional songs, known as bhajans, to share her deep love for Lord Krishna with everyone.
In simple words: Meerabai sang beautiful religious songs to tell people about her love for God.

Exam Tip: Use the term "bhajans" (devotional songs) to explain how Meerabai spread her message.

Question 8. Name the five sacred symbols of Sikhism.
Answer: The five holy symbols of the Sikh faith are:
1. Kesh (uncut hair)
2. Kanga (wooden comb)
3. Kaccha (special undergarment)
4. Kirpan (small sword)
5. Kara (iron bracelet)
In simple words: These are five special items that a disciplined Sikh always keeps with them.

Exam Tip: These are also known as the "Five Ks" (Kesh, Kanga, Kara, Kirpan, and Kachera/Kaccha).

Question 9. Who transformed the Sikhs into a martial race?
Answer: Guru Gobind Singh changed the peaceful Sikhs into a strong community of brave soldiers.
In simple words: Guru Gobind Singh taught the Sikhs how to defend themselves and fight bravely.

Exam Tip: Remember Guru Gobind Singh as the tenth Guru who established the Khalsa to protect the community.

Question 10. How did the Sufi and Bhakti movements lead to the development of local languages?
Answer: The saints of both movements spoke and wrote in the everyday language of ordinary people. This helped local languages grow and become popular.
In simple words: The saints preached in the simple language that normal people spoke, which helped regional languages grow.

Exam Tip: Mentioning that saints preferred "vernacular" or "local" languages over Sanskrit or Persian is key to this answer.

F. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1. What are the important teachings of the Sufi saints? Explain the impact of Sufism on the people and their rulers?
Answer:
Teachings of Sufism:
1. There is only one God, and we are all God's children.
2. Every human being is equal.
3. Different religions are just different ways to reach the same God. So, we must respect every religion.
4. We need a holy teacher (pir) to guide us on the right path.

Impact of Sufism:
The kind and sensible ideas of Sufism had a big effect on both ordinary people and rulers. It made people more tolerant of other faiths, encouraged them to treat everyone like brothers, and brought Hindus and Muslims much closer.
In simple words: Sufis taught that all humans are equal under one God. Their ideas helped rulers and common people become more loving and peaceful.

Exam Tip: For the "impact" part, always mention religious tolerance and the narrowing of the gap between Hindus and Muslims.

Question 2. Explain the origin of the Bhakti Movement in India. Why did the teaching of the Bhakti saints appeal to the people?
Answer:
Origin of the Bhakti Movement:
The word 'Bhakti' means deep love for God. This movement was started to reform Hindu religious practices. It began in the southern part of India in the 7th century CE. It became popular before the Turks arrived. The Bhakti saints took their ideas from holy books like the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita.

Why it Appealed to People:
Ordinary people loved these teachings because they were simple. The saints spoke about believing in one God, treating everyone equally, and praying without difficult rituals. By teaching peace, brotherhood, and respect for all faiths, the Bhakti movement helped Hindus and Muslims live together happily.
In simple words: The Bhakti movement started in South India. People loved it because it taught that we can reach God with simple love instead of difficult rituals.

Exam Tip: Be sure to write about both the origin (South India, 7th century) and the reasons for appeal (equality, no complex rituals).

Question 3. Mention the chief teachings of the Bhakti saints.
Answer:
The main teachings of the Bhakti saints are:

1. There is only one God, and everyone is equal to God.
2. We can reach God by loving and completely surrendering to God. We do not need empty rituals or idol worship.
3. Every person must live a clean and honest life.
In simple words: Bhakti saints taught that there is one God, all people are equal, and we should live a pure life filled with love.

Exam Tip: Memorize these three points as they represent the core philosophy of almost every Bhakti reformer.

Question 4. Mention the important teachings of Sant Kabir.
Answer:
Sant Kabir focused deeply on the belief in one God. His major teachings were:

1. He taught that names like Ishwar, Allah, Ram, and Rahim are all for the same divine being.
2. He worked to build unity between Hindus and Muslims.
3. Kabir wanted everyone to show tolerance and live as brothers.
4. He strongly opposed the caste system, praying to idols, and empty rituals.
5. He shared these ideas using lovely, simple Hindi poems called Dohas.
In simple words: Kabir taught that God is one, whether we call Him Ram or Allah. He wanted people of all religions to live together like brothers.

Exam Tip: Mentioning the phrase "Ishwar and Allah are different names of one God" is very important when discussing Kabir.

Question 5. What are the main teachings of Guru Nanak? Why is the holy book of the Sikhs known as the Guru Granth Sahib?
Answer:
Teachings of Guru Nanak:
1. God is one, and He created the whole universe.
2. All humans are equal. We must reject caste divisions and treat everyone as a brother.
3. Everyone should live a clean life filled with truth and kindness. We should avoid praying to idols and following empty rituals.
4. We can get real spiritual wisdom only by following a true teacher or guru.

Why it is called Guru Granth Sahib:
The tenth and last human guru, Guru Gobind Singh Ji, passed the spiritual authority of the Guru to the sacred book called the Adi Granth. Since then, this holy scripture has been called the Guru Granth Sahib. It contains the words of the gurus and guides the Sikh community like a living Guru.
In simple words: Guru Nanak taught that God is one, everyone is equal, and we should be kind. The holy book is called Guru Granth Sahib because it serves as the eternal teacher for all Sikhs.

Exam Tip: Be sure to explain how Guru Gobind Singh transferred the spiritual leadership to the Adi Granth, making it the eternal Guru.

Question 6. What effect did the Bhakti and Sufi movements have on Indian society?
Answer:
The Bhakti and Sufi movements started a new era in Indian history that valued peace, respect, and brotherhood. Their major impacts were:

1. The saints used the everyday language of normal people, which helped local languages grow and develop.
2. Common people learned about the great truths of Hindu philosophy, which helped slow down religious conversions in this period.
3. These movements challenged the dominant position and superiority of the Brahmans.
4. They created an environment of mutual respect, love, and tolerance among different communities.
In simple words: These movements made society more equal, helped local languages grow, and made people of different religions live together in peace.

Exam Tip: Be sure to include points about language development and social equality when discussing the overall impact of these movements.

G. Picture Study

This is the picture of a monument associated with the founder of a religious reform movement in India.

Question 1. Name the reformer and the movement he started in India.
Answer: The religious reformer shown is Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti. He introduced the Sufi movement in India.
In simple words: The saint is Moinuddin Chishti, and he started the Sufi movement in India.

Exam Tip: Identify the Dargah of Ajmer Sharif as being associated with Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti.

Question 2. Identify the monument.
Answer: This monument is the famous Dargah of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer.
In simple words: The building is the holy tomb (Dargah) of Moinuddin Chishti.

Exam Tip: The dargah is located in Ajmer, Rajasthan, and is a major pilgrimage site.

Question 3. Why is this monument famous?
Answer: This monument is a famous spiritual center. People visit it because of the noble teachings associated with it:

1. Everyone is equal, and God is one.
2. We must respect all religions.
3. Difficult rituals and fasting are not required to find God.
4. People do not need to change their religion to be spiritual.
In simple words: This place is famous because it teaches that all humans are equal, and we should love everyone without changing our religion.

Exam Tip: Mention that the Dargah is a symbol of religious unity where people of all faiths, including Hindus and Muslims, pray together.

Question 4. Mention any four important religious principles of that movement, which are common to the principles of the Bhakti Movement.
Answer: The four shared principles between the Sufi and Bhakti movements are:

(a) Believing in only one supreme God.
(b) Seeing every person as equal in the eyes of the Divine.
(c) Finding God through love, devotion, and surrender, instead of using rites, rituals, or idols.
(d) Leading a clean, honest, and helpful life.
In simple words: Both movements believed in one God, equality for all, simple love instead of rituals, and living a good life.

Exam Tip: These four core principles are highly important as they form the foundation of India's composite culture.

Question 5. Name any two religious reformers of the Bhakti Movement.
Answer: Two major reformers of the Bhakti Movement are Ramananda and Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
In simple words: Two famous Bhakti saints are Ramananda and Guru Nanak.

Exam Tip: You can also name other Bhakti reformers like Kabir, Meerabai, or Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.