CBSE Class 6 Science Body Movements Worksheet Set A

Learning Objectives
1. Locomotion is movement of animals from one place to another.
2. Skeleton in humans is made of bones and cartilages.
3. Bones are joined to muscles by tendons.
4. Where two bones meet the place is called a joint.
5. The skull, backbone, shoulder bones, hip bones and ribs form the skeleton system.
6. Movements in various organisms like snail, earthworm, fish, snake and birds are different. 

Living things differ from non-living things in that living things show movements of their body parts. Even when we are at rest our body shows some movements like blinking of eyes. Animals move from one place to another. For this purpose they show various kinds of movements like walking, running, flying, creeping, slithering crawling, etc.

Movements: A change in the position of any object is called movement. Many
movements take place in our body and also in other organisms' body.

Locomotion: When movement results in change of position of the whole organism, it is called locomotion.

Examples of Movements in the Human Body:
(a) Movement of eyelids.
(b) Movement of the heart muscles.
(c) Movement of teeth and jaw.
(d) Movement of arms and legs.
(e) Movements of head.
(f) Movements of neck.

Movement of some organs happens because of the teamwork of bones and muscles. In such cases, movement is possible along a point where two or more bones meet.

Human body movements : Humans can move their various body parts in different ways. We can move some parts of our body in different directions and some body parts can be moved only in one direction. Our body is made up of a framework of bones called skeleton.
1. Bones are made of hard substance.
2. Cartilages are soft and elastic.
3. In the bone marrow, red blood cells are produced.
4. Bones are of many shapes and sizes. Some are flat, some are cylindrical and some are spherical.
5. The longest bone of our body is femur and the smallest bone is found in our internal ears.
6. Cartilages are found in our nose and external ears.
7. Skeleton system extends from the top of our head to the tip of the toes.

Functions of skeleton:
1. The skeleton gives shape to our body.
2. Skeleton protects many delicate internal organs.
3. Skeleton provides numerous points for attachment of muscles.
Bones are held together by strands of tissues called ligaments. Points where two bones join are called joints. There are 206 bones in a human body.

DESCRIPTION OF SKELETON

(a) Skull : The bony part of head is called skull. The skull is made up of 22 bones joined together. These bones are not movable except the lower jaw bone. It has two parts; the cranium or the brain box and the facial bones. The cranium covers and protects the brain. The facial bones form the upper and lower jaws and some other bones. The eye sockets are also part of skull.

(b) Ribcage : Ribs are curved bones in the body. There are 12 pairs of ribs.
The ribs are curiously bent. They join the chest bone and the backbone together to form a box. This is called a ribcage.
Ribcage protects the internal organs of the body like heart, lungs. Cartilage attaches 10 of them to the breast bone at the front.
Two ribs are free and are called floating ribs. The ribs allow certain kind of movement of the chest during breathing.

(c) Shoulder bone or Pectoral girdle : The shoulder bone is formed by the collar bone and the shoulder blade. It is attached to the upper part of the rib-cage and to the upper arm bone.

(d) Backbone : The backbone is a long hollow,rod like structure running from the neck to the hips. Backbone is made up of 33 small bones placed one over the other. These small bones are called vertebrae. It provides support to the body and protects spinal cord.

(e) Pelvic bones : The pelvic bones form a large, basin shaped frame at the lower end of the backbone, to which legs are attached. The pelvic bones encloses the portion of our body below the stomach. It is formed by the fusion of three bones, the hip bones and the tail parts of the backbone; to from a large bony bowl. The thigh bones are attached to the hip bone.

The longest bone is the femur or thigh bone, which forms 1/4 of the body height. The shortest bone is the stirrup in the ear.

BONE JOINTS
The places where two or more bones meet are called joints. There are various kinds of joints.
(a) Ball and socket joint
(b) Hinge joint
(c) Pivot joint
(d) Fixed joint.

(a) Ball and socket joint: The rounded end of one bone fits into cavity  (hollow space) of the other bone is called ball and socket joint. Such joints allow movements in all directions. Ex. shoulder joints, hip joints.

(b) Hinge joint: A hinge joints allow the movements of bones in only in one direction. Forwards and backwards. Ex. elbow and knee joints. The movement by this joint is not more than 180 degrees. The wrist has double hinge joint.
• There are more than 350 joints in our body.
• The biggest joint is in the knee.
• The bendiest joint is in the shoulder.
• The tiniest joint is in the ear. It is smaller than letter a.

(c) Pivot joint: Such joints allow only rotation against one another. In it a cylindrical bone rotates in a ring. It allows us to bend our head forward and backward and turn the head to our right and left.

(d) Fixed joints: In some joints, the bones are held so tightly together that they cannot move at all. Such joints are called fixed joints. E.g. joint between the skull and the upper jaw.

Many bones are curved like the skull bones because it makes them much stronger than if they were flat.

MUSCLES
Muscle is a fibrous tissue in the body which has ability to contract. When muscle contracts, it shortens and pulls the bone due to which the bone move at that joint. A muscle can only pull a bone it cannot push a bone. The muscles joined to our bones work in pairs. When one muscle of a pair contracts, then the other muscle of a pair is relaxed. A contracted muscle can come back to its original position only when the other muscle of the pair pulls it by contracting itself. Muscles are attached to the bones by fibres called tendons.
The skeleton and muscles play important role in the movement of animals. The skeleton is made of bones joined together by fibres called ligaments. Before birth our skeleton is made up of cartilage and is soft. Later these cartilages get changed to bones. Bones become hard because of deposits of calcium and phosphorus.
The bodys bendiest muscle is the one you use to talk, eat, drink and lick your lips. Its your tongue

LOCOMOTION
Animals differ from plants in that they show quick movements. Plants show slow movements. Most of the animals move from one place to another. However some animals like sponges, corals, sea anemones remain fixed at one place. They simply show body movements but no locomotion

Why animals move?
• Animals move in search of food.
• They move to escape from enemies and predators.
• To get better habitat.
• To find mate for reproduction.

Gait of animals : Different animals have different organs for locomotion.

Earthworm: The body of earthworm is made up of many rings joined end to end. It has muscles which help to extend and shorten the body. Under its body it has large number of bristles which are connected with muscles. This bristles help to get grip on the ground.
During movement, the earthworm first extends the front part of body, keeping the rear portion fixed to the ground. Then it fixes the front end and release the rear end. It then shortens the body and pull the rear end forward. This makes it forward by small distances. Repeating such muscle contraction and relaxations, the earthworm can move through soil. Its body secrete a slimy substance to help movement.

Animals without
Bones : All animals do not have bones.
Bones are present in animals with backbones that is vertebrates.
1. Sharks have backbone but their bodies do not have any bones. Its body is made up of cartilages.
2. Crabs, insects and spiders also do not have bones. Their bodies are covered and protected by hard coverings.
3. Jelly fishes, leeches and worms have neither bones nor hard structures.
4. Hard coverings of crabs and insects are known as exoskeleton.
5. Molluscs have exoskeleton that is made up of calcium.

Snail : the body of snail is covered with a hard and inflexible shell. It has an opening with a lid. The snail drags the shell while moving. The head comes
out through the opening in the shell. The snail has muscular foot which helps in locomotion. The muscular foot is made up of strong muscles. The foot is
attached to the belly and it produces slow wavy movements. Hence a snail moves slowly.

Cockroach : A cockroach has three pairs of jointed legs, which help it to walk, run and climb. It also has two pairs of wings; for flying. Large and strong muscles help in the movement of legs. The body is covered by chitin, a light protective material. Chitin is shed regularly so that the body can grow.

Birds : Birds can walk on the ground and fly as well. Some birds can also swim in the water. A bird has streamlined body. Its bones are light and strong. They are hollow and have air spaces between them. The hind limbs of birds are modified as claws, which help it to walk and to perch. The breast bones are modified to hold massive flight muscles which help in moving wings up and down. Birds have special flight muscles and the forelimbs are modified as wings.
The wings and tail have long feathers, which help in flying. Birds show two types of flight; gliding and flapping.

1. Gliding : during gliding the bird has its wings and tail spread out. In this movement the bird uses air currents for going up and down.

2. Flapping : this is an active flight. The bird beats the air by flapping its wings. They use flight feathers for this purpose.

Snake : The body of snake consists of a large number of vertebrae. The adjoining vertebrae, ribs and skin are interconnected with slender body muscles. When the snake moves, it makes many loops on its sides. The forward push of the loops against the surface makes the snake move forward. Movement of snake is called slithering movement. Many snakes can swim in water also.

Fish : Fish swims with the help of fins. They have two paired fins and an unpaired fin. The body of a fish is streamlined to reduce friction; while moving in water. They have strong muscles, which help in swimming. When a fish  swims; its front part curves to one side and the tail part stays in the opposite direction. In the next move, the front part curves to the opposite side and the tail part also changes its position to another side. The tail fin helps in changing direction.

Key words
• Joint : Place where two bones meet an articulate.
• Skeleton : Internal framework of bones in animals.
• Movements : A change in the position of any object is called movement.
• Locomotion : When movement results in change of position of the whole organism, it is called locomotion.
• Cartilage : Cartilages are soft and elastic fibres that make nose and external ears.
• Tendon : Muscles are attached to the bones by fibres called tendons.
• Ligaments : Bones are held together by strands of tissues called ligaments.

Question. Human skeleton is formed by
(a) bones
(b) cartilages
(c) bones and cartilages
(d) bones, cartilages and muscles
Answer : C

Question. Joints are the
(a) places where two parts of our body seem to be joined
(b) the points of contact between two (or more) bones together with tissues that  surround it
(c) the points of contact between two (or more) bones
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer : D

Question. Shoulder joint
(i) is a ball and socket type of joint
(ii) is a joint in which the rounded end of one bone fits into cavity of other bone
(iii) allows movement in all directions
(iv) exists between limbs and hip
(a) (i), (ii) only
(b) (i), (iii) only
(c) (i), (ii), (iii) only
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. Which one of the following has a different type of joint than others?
(a) Finger
(b) Elbow
(c) Knee
(d) Shoulder
Answer : D

Question. The type of joint in which a cylindrical bone rotates in a ring is which of the following typesof joint?
(a) Ball and socket joint
(b) Pivotal joint
(c) Hinge joint
(d) Fixed joint
Answer : B

Question. The rib cage protects which of the following  body parts?
(a) Lungs
(b) Wind pipe
(c) Heart
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. Select the function performed by our skeletal system.
(a) It gives shape and form to our body.
(b) It helps body in performing different body movements.
(c) It protects our delicate internal organs.
(d) It performs all the functions given in (a), (b) and (c).
Answer : D

Question. Select the one that is incorrect about cartilage.
(a) It is a firm but flexible skeletal material.
(b) It is as hard as bones.
(c) It can be bent.
(d) It is found in the joints of our body.
Answer : B

Question. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) The body of earthworm is made up of many  rings joined end to end.
(b) Outer skeleton of snail is called shell.
(c) Pivotal joint allow us to bend our head forward and backward.
(d) None of these
Answer : D

Question. Corals are/is
(a) the tiny animals that live in shells in the sea
(b) a special variety of fish that live in shells
(c) a particular type of shell found near some of the sea coasts
(d) the remains of tiny sea animals resembling shells
Answer : D

Question. The joint between the upper jaw and rest of the head is
(a) a pivotal joint
(b) fixed joint
(c) a ball and socket joint
(d) a hinge joint
Answer : B

Question. Ribs refers to
(a) chestbones
(b) backbone
(c) chestbones and backbone
(d) the bones that join the chestbone and backbone
Answer : D

Question. Backbone
(i) is made up of many small bones
(ii) encloses and supports the spinal cord
(iii) extends from skull to tip of tail
(iv) forms the main supporting axis
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) are correct
(b) (ii), (iii) are correct
(c) (i), (iv) are correct
(d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
Answer : D

Question. Skull
(a) is made up of many bones joined together
(b) encloses brain and sense organs
(c) consists of cranium and facial bones
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. Which of the following is correct for earthworm?
(a) Its body is made of many rings joined end to end.
(b) Its body has only very small bones.
(c) It cannot extend or shorten its body using its muscles.
(d) All of the above
Answer : A

Question. Shell
(a) refers to skeleton of a snail
(b) is a single unit
(c) is made up of only one bone
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer : D

Question. Snakes
(a) move with the help of ribs and scales
(b) slither on the ground by looping side ways
(c) Both the above
(d) None of these
Answer : C

Question. In birds
(a) the breast bones are modified to hold muscles of flight
(b) the bony parts of fore limbs are modified as wings
(c) the bones of hind limbs are typical for walking and perching
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. A streamlined body is one
(a) in which middle portion of body is large as compared to head or tail portion
(b) in which middle portion is smaller as compared to head or tail portion
(c) Both the above
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. The bones are moved
(a) by simultaneous contraction and relaxation of two sets of muscles
(b) by alternate contraction and relaxation of two sets of muscles
(c) by alternate contraction and relaxation of one set of muscles
(d) None of these
Answer : B

Question. The body joints are classified in various types on the basis of
(a) nature of joints
(b) direction of movement allowed by them
(c) part of body where they are found
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer : D

Question. The forward and backward movement of our head is possible because of presence of 
(a) ball and socket joint where our neck joins the head
(b) pivotal joint where our neck joins the head
(c) hinge joint where our neck joins the head
(d) None of these
Answer : B

Question. The elbow joint
(a) is a hinge joint
(b) allows only a back and forth movement
(c) allows movement in one direction only
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. During swimming, fish uses its muscles and they
(a) make the front part of its body curve to one side and tail part to the same side
(b) make the front part of its body curve to one side and tail part to the opposite site
(c) make the whole body straight
(d) All of the above
Answer : B

Question. Select the one that forms supporting frame work of nasal and buccal cavities and consists of cranium and facial bones.
(a) Backbone
(b) Skeleton
(c) Skull
(d) None of these
Answer : C

 Questions

            Very Short Answer

Q1)      How snails move?

Q2)      What are the hard structures in the human body?

Q3)      What is rib cage?

Q4)      What are joints?

Q5)      How skeleton of the human body is formed?

            Short Answer

Q6)      Why are we unable to move some parts at all

Q7)      How do animals move from place to place?

Q8)      What is the main function of the cartilage?

Q9)      What do you understand by the ball and socket joints?

Q10)    What do you mean by the human body?

            Long Answer

Q11)    State the difference between cartilage and bone?

Q12)    Explain how muscles and bones work together?

Q13)    Explain about joints and different types of joints?

Q14)    Difference between muscle and tendon?

Q15)    Write short note on gait of animals?

Please click on below link to download CBSE Class 6 Science Body Movements Worksheet Set A