CBSE Class 11 Economics Comparative Development Experience Worksheet

MCQ Questions for NCERT Class 11 Economics Comparative Development Experience of India and Its Neighbours

Question: Which of the following features relates to the Chinese economy?
(a) Very high fertility rate
(b) Growth due to service sector
(c) Growth due to manufacturing sector
(d) High density of population 

Answer: C

Question. According to demographic parameters, the density of population is lowest in:
a) China
b) India
c) Pakistan
d) Both (b) and (c)

Answer : A

Question. Social Economic Zones were set up by China to:
(a) Attract foreign investors.
(b) To develop the backward regions.
(c) To maintain economic equality.
(d) To promote private sector.

Answer : C

Question. Which of the three countries has lowest rate of population growth?
a) India
b) Pakistan
c) China
d) All equal

Answer : C

Question. China discontinued the one child policy because:
(a) They will be more elderly people in proportion to young people.
(b) It increased the number of dependent population.
(c) People became dissatisfied with the policy.
(d) Population of the country decreased.

Answer : A

Question. Which of the three countries has the highest growth rate of GDP?
a) India
b) Pakistan
c) China
d) All equal

Answer : C

Question: Which of the following is the feature of Indian economy?
(a) Contribution of industry to GDP is the highest
(b) Contribution of agriculture to employment is the largest
(c) High level of human development
(d) Poor growth of service sector 

Answer: B

Question: Special Economic Zones are set up by China to
(a) attract foreign investors
(b) to develop the backward regions
(c) to maintain income equality
(d) to promote private sector 

Answer: A

Question: Match the following 
Codes


        A   B  C   D    E              A    B   C     D     E
(a) (iii) (v) (i) (ii) (iv)     (b) (iv)  (ii)  (i)  (v)   (iii)
(c) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)     (d) (ii)   (i)  (iv)  (iii)  (v) 

Answer: A 

Question: Name any two areas where India is ahead of Pakistan?
(a) Human development index and rate of GDP
(b) Rate of GDP and infant mortality rate
(c) Improvement in health sector and rate of GDP
(d) Rate of GDP and per capita income. 

Answer: D

Question: Which particular year marked the introduction of economic reforms in Pakistan?
(a) 1978
(b) 1980
(c) 1988
(d) 1991 

Answer: C 

Question: Find the correct sequence explaining the commencement of five year plans in chronological order.
(a) India, China and Pakistan
(b) Pakistan, China and India
(c) China, India and Pakistan
(d) India, Pakistan and China 

Answer: A 

Question: Arrange the given events in chronological order and choose the correct alternative.
(i) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
(ii) Great Leap Forward Campaign
(iii) Introduction of Economic Reforms
(iv) First Five Year Plan
Alternatives
(a) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)      (b) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
(c) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)      (d) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii) 

Answer: B 

Question: ……… is the population density, the ……… is the pressure of population on land and more are the economic problems.
(a) Lower, higher
(b) Lower, lower
(c) Higher, lower
(d) Higher, higher 

Answer: D

Question: The LPG model of development in context of Indian economy aimed at ……… .
(a) export led growth strategy as against import substitution strategy
(b) import led growth strategy as against export led growth
(c) encouraging FDIs to support the growth process
(d) Correctly explained by (a) and (c) 

Answer: D 

Question: In Pakistan, the reforms were introduced as a result of the pressure from
(a) IMF
(b) World Bank
(c) Swis Bank
(d) Both IMF AND World Bank 

Answer: D

Question: The reason for slow growth rate and re-emergence of poverty is ……… .
(a) earning more foreign exchange
(b) growing dependence on foreign loan
(c) decline in poverty rate
(d) All of the above 

Answer: B

Question: ……… has followed the classical development pattern of gradual shift from agriculture to manufacturing and then to service.
(a) Pakistan
(b) India
(c) China
(d) All of these 

Answer: C

Question: Structural changes are ……… .
(a) changes in the relative contribution of tertiary sector of Indian economy
(b) changes in relative structure of primary sector of Indian economy
(c) All of the above
(d) changes in the relative contribution of primary sector of Indian economy 

Answer: D

Question: Per capita GNI means
(a) how much is country’s national income
(b) how much is country’s GDP
(c) how much on average a person earns
(d) how much on an average a country earns 

Answer: C

Question: Which of the following nation has most skewed sex ratio?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Pakistan
(d) None of these 

Answer: A

Question: Choose the correct statement from the following.
(a) China’s economy growth is mainly contributed by the service sector.
(b) One child norm policy was adopted in India.
(c) The largest share in national income comes from agriculture in India.
(d) Pakistan is ahead of India in providing improved sanitation facilities. 

Answer: D

Question: The main reason that can be argued for high growth of population in context of India and Pakistan is ……… .
(a) high level of illiteracy and high fertility rates
(b) low level of illiteracy and low fertility rates
(c) high level of illiteracy and low fertility rates
(d) low level of illiteracy and high fertility rates 

Answer: A

Question: Highlight the success which is not common between India and Pakistan?
(a) Reduction in poverty
(b) Self sufficient in food production
(c) Rise in GDP per capita
(d) Dismal fiscal management 

Answer: D

Question: Which of the following is not an indicator of human development index?
(a) National income
(b) GDP per capita
(c) Life expectance at birth
(d) Literacy rate 

Answer: A 

Question: Which one of the following is not true for China?
1) Sex ratio is biased
2) The density of population is low
3) The population is very small
4) The fertility rate is low
Answer: C

Question: Infant mortality rate in China is ______ per thousand and _______ per thousand in India?
1) 30,60
2) 30,35
3) 35,65
4) 35, 09
Answer: D

Question: The production process engaged in transforming one good to another is known as _________ sector. ( Primary/Secondary/Tertiary) ( Fill up the blank with correct option).
Answer: Secondary Sector

Question: The highest fertility rate is in __________ ( India/China/Pakistan) ( Fill up the blank with correct option)
Answer: Pakistan ( 3.7, India-2.3, China - 1.6)

Question:  ___________percentage of the workforce are engaged in agriculture in China. ( Fill up the blank with correct answer)
Answer: 17.5% workforce is engaged in agriculture in China, 42.7% in India and 42% in Pakistan

Question: China follows __________ economy structure however, India and Pakistan follow______ economy. ( Socialist/ Capitalist/ Mixed) ( fill up the blanks with correct option)
Answer: socialist, Mixed economy.

Question: China is working on ____________ Five year plan (2016-2020). ( 12th/ 13th/14th ) (Choose the correct option)
Answer: 13th

Question:Arrange the following events of Pakistan in chronological order and choose the correct alternative: i)Introduction of Economic Reforms ii)First five year plan iii) Nationalisation of capital goods industries iv)Independence
a) iv) , ii), i) , iii)
b) iv), iii), ii) , i)
c) iv), ii), iii), i)
d) ii), i), iii), i)
Answer: C

Question: Identify the correct sequence of alternatives given in Column II by matching them with respective terms in Column I:
COLUMN I                                                   COLUMN II
a. Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution         i) 1953
b. Great Leap Forward Campeign                 ii) 1978
c.Economic Reforms                                     iii) 1958
d. Economic Planning ( Five Year Plan)         iv)1966
Choose the correct sequence.
a)ii, i, iv, iii
b)iv iii, i, ii
c)iii, ii, iv, iii
d)iv, iii, ii, i
Answer: D

Question: Full form of UNDP
1) United Nation Development Policy
2) United Nation Development Programme
3) Union Nation Development Programme
4) None of the above
Answer: B

Question: To attract foreign investors China has set up ___________. ( Write the correct answer)
Answer: Special Economic Zones

Question: The service sector is in which sector?
1) Primary Sector
2) Secondary Sector
3) Tertiary Sector
4) None
Answer: C

Question: Between India, China, and Pakistan which country has the highest life expectancy at birth
Answer: China has the highest life expectancy at birth ( 76.4) ( India -68.8, Pak- 66.6)

Question: The number of deaths per 1,000 live births with in one year of age is called as _________. ( Fill up the blank with correct answer)
Answer: infant mortality rate is calculated by the number of infant deaths under one year of age, divided by the number of live births during the year, multiplied by 1,000 for a given area.

Question: Five Year plan is introduced in India in year ___________ and by Pakistan in year_________. ( Fill up the blank with correct answer)
Answer: 1951, 1956

Question: Match the following items given in Column I with column II.
COLUMN I                                                   COLUMN II
1.Great Leap Forward                               a) Worker were sent to countryside for training
2.Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution     b) to establish industry in each courtyard
3.One Child Policy                                     c) Public Sector Units
4.State Owned Enterprises                       d) Reducing population growth
Answer: 1b, 2a, 3d, 4c

Question: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and _____________are the members of SAARC. (Myanmar/ Sri lanka) ( Fill up the blank with correct option)
Answer: Sri Lanka

Question: Fixing the price of same commodity in two ways refers to _________. ( Fill up the blank with correct answer)
Answer: Dual Pricing

Question: Manufacturing sector of the economy is considered as the engine of growth of _________. ( China/ India/ Pakistan) ( Fill up the blank with correct option)
Answer: China

Question: Maternal mortality Rate is higher in________, followed by__________ and ______ (India/China /Pakistan) ( Fill up the blank with correct option)
Answer: Pakistan, India, China

Question: Among India, Pakistan and China ________has the highest urbanization. ( Fill up the blank with correct answer)
Answer: China

Question: Whether the following statement is true of false Pakistan‘s economy, as scholars put it, are agricultural growth and food supply situation were based on an institutionalised process of technical change.
Answer: False ( It was based on good harvest)

Question: Which of the following is not correct regarding Pakistan‘s external Sector?
a) most foreign exchange earnings came from remittances from Pakistani workers in the Middle-east
b) the exports of highly volatile agricultural products
c) there was also growing dependence on foreign loans
d) Pakistan was able to pay back the loans as foreign exchange earnings were high from middle east.
Answer: D

Question: Which of the following was not the impact of one child policy norm?
a) Population growth reduced
b) Burden of old aged people increased
c) Working population reduced in China arresting the economic growth
d) There was an unrest among the people
Answer: D

Fill in the blanks
a. First Five Year Plan of ________________ commenced in the year 1956. (Pakistan/China)
b. Maternal mortality rate is high in _____________. (China/Pakistan)
c. Proportion of people below poverty line is more in __________(India/Pakistan)
d. Reforms in ______________ were introduced in 1978. (China/Pakistan)
Answer: (a) Pakistan, (b) Pakistan, (c) India, (d) China

Question: Why are regional and economic groupings formed?
Answer: Regional and economic groupings are formed by nations to strengthen their economies by close cooperation and by knowledge sharing.

Question: What are the various means by which countries are trying to strengthen their own domestic economies?
Answer: As the examples of India, China and Pakistan show; countries are trying various means to strengthen their own domestic economies.
i) Five Year Planning
ii) Reforms in agriculture,
iii) improvement in industrial production
iv) promoting privatization.

Question: What similar developmental strategies have India and Pakistan followed for their respective developmental paths?
Answer: Both India and Pakistan began with greater focus on public sector during the first phase of economic development. After that, both the countries followed the path of privatization so that productivity could be improved. In the agricultural sector, both the countries implemented Green Revolution.
- India and Pakistan started its development process almost at the same time in the year 1947. Whereas, the Republic of China was established in the year 1949.
- India launched its five-year plan in 1951-1956, while Pakistan started its plan in 1956 and China started in the year 1953.
- India and Pakistan follow the same strategy as generating a large public sector and rising public expenditure on social development.
- All three counties have the same growth rates and per capita income until the year 1980.
- In all the three countries economic reform started from India 1991, China 1978, and Pakistan 19

Question: Explain the Great Leap Forward campaign of China as initiated in 1958.
Answer: The Great Leap Forward campaign of China began in 1958. It was aimed at industrializing the country in a big way. People were encouraged to set up industries in their backyards. Communes were started in rural areas so that farming could be collectively done.

Question: China‘s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. Do you agree? Elucidate.
Answer: China‘s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. Reforms were introduced in phases in China. In the first phase, reforms were initiated in agriculture, foreign trade and investment sector. Reforms in the industrial sector were initiated in the second phase.
i) Private sector was encouraged to improve production.
ii) Village and township enterprises which were owned by the local government were also encouraged to improve production.
iii) The State Owned Enterprises (SEOs) were made to face competition with the private sector.
iv) A policy of dual pricing was followed to improve industrial productivity.
v) Special economic zones were also created to motivate industrialists.

Question: Describe the path of developmental initiatives taken by Pakistan for its economic development.
Answer: In the 1950s and 1960s Pakistan introduced many policies for import substitution in order to protect its domestic industry. During this period, i)Green Revolution was initiated to improve agricultural output.
ii) In 1970s the capital goods industry was nationalized.
iii) Pakistan then dramatically changed its economic policy in the late 1970s and 1980s.
iv)The new policies were aimed at greater privatization.
v) In addition to changes in policies, inflow of foreign loans and remittances helped in creating a conducive environment of growth in Pakistan.

Question: What is the important implication of the one child norm‘ in China?
Answer: While the one child norm‘ helped in arresting the growth of population in China, it has a severe drawback. i)After some years from now, there will more elderly people in China than young people. ii)The cost of social security will increase iii)while number of workers will decline significantly in China. iv)This will result in huge economic burden on China however the burdrn of six elderly person s on one child.

Question: Mention the salient demographic indicators of China, Pakistan and India.
Answer:
i) Total Population: The population of China is 1371 million, that of India is 1311 million and that of Pakistan is 188 billion.
ii) The annual growth rate of population is highest in Pakistan (2.1) followed by India (1.2) and China comes a distant third at 0.5. Reason Scholars point out the one child norm introduced in China in the late 1970s as the major reason for low population growth.
iii) Sex ratio is adverse or biased for females in all these countries with about 48% of the population comprised of females. India has the lowest with 929 females per thousand males followed by China (941) and Pakistan ( 947) Reason: One child policy norm adopted in China and preference to male child due to patriarchal system of society is the main reason in India behind adverse sex ratio.
iv) The fertility rate is highest in Pakistan at 3.7%; followed by India (2.3) and China (1.6). Reason: China has one child policy norm , India has 2 child policy norm and Pakistan has no control.
v) The level of urbanization is highest in China at 56%; followed by Pakistan (39) and being lowest India (33). 

Question: Mention the various indicators of human development.
Answer: Various indicators of human development are as follows:
- Life expectancy at birth
- Adult literacy rate
- GDP per capita
- People below poverty line
- Infant mortality rate
- Maternal mortality rate
- Population with improved access to sanitation and drinking water

Question: Define the liberty indicator. Give some examples of liberty indicators.
Answer: Parameters which show relative democratic liberty and freedom enjoyed by citizens in a country can be termed as liberty indicator. The extent of democratic participation in social and political decision making is an example of liberty indicator. Extent of constitutional protection to rights of citizens is another example.

Question: Evaluate the various factors that led to the rapid growth in economic development in China.
Answer: There are many factors which led to the rapid growth in economic development in China. Unlike India and Pakistan;
i) Chinese reforms were not initiated under compulsion from IMF and World Bank, rather reforms were the results of an innate desire by the political establishment. Each reform measure was first implemented at small level and then replicated at bigger level. Decentralization helped in proper analysis of successes and failures of various reform measures
ii) Establishment of infrastructure in the areas of health and education, long existence of decentralized planning and existence of small enterprises helped in ensuring the success of the reforms.
iii) Provision of education and healthcare in rural areas helped in developing human capital.
iv) The commune system helped in equitable distribution of food grains among the people.

Question: Group the following features pertaining to the economies of India, China and Pakistan under three heads: One-child norm, Low fertility rate, High degree of urbanization, Mixed economy, Very high fertility rate, Large population, High density of population, Growth due to manufacturing sector, Growth due to service sector.
Answer: India: Mixed economy, very high fertility rate, large population, high density of population, growth due to service sector China: One-child norm, low fertility rate, high degree of urbanization, mixed economy, large population, growth due to manufacturing sector Pakistan: Mixed economy, very high fertility rate, growth due to service sector

Question: Give reasons for the slow growth and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan.
Answer:
i) Lack of Institutional improvement: Experts believe that agricultural growth and food supply in Pakistan was not due to institutional improvement rather it was mainly caused by years of good harvest. When there was good harvest the economy was in good condition, when it was nor economic indicators showed stagnation or negative trend.
ii) External borrowing: Moreover, growth was fueled by finance from external borrowings and remittances from the Middle East. When the crops failed the economy suffered. This also resulted in greater inability in paying back loans.
iii) Over dependence on remittances: In Pakistan most of foreign exchange earnings came from remittances from Pakistani workers in middle east. Export earnings were from highly volatile agricultural goods in place of export of manufactured goods.
iv) Floods and Political instability: The economy is under stress as floods delays implementation of economic reforms. Massive floods took a heavy toll in agriculture. Political instability and difficult security challenges were also adversely affecting the economy.
v) Lack of infrastructure : Infrastructural development was also not sufficient to achieve sufficient growth. These factors led to slow growth.

Question: Compare and contrast the development of India, China and Pakistan with respect to some salient human development indicators.
Answer: China is way ahead of India and Pakistan at most of the human development indicators. Pakistan is ahead of India in terms of reducing the number of people below poverty line and in providing better sanitation and drinking water. But both the countries perform equally badly in terms of infant mortality and maternal mortality rates. All the three countries perform badly in sex ratio. However, in assessing human development we should not ignore various liberty indicators which include extent of democratization and protection of various fundamental rights.

Question: Comment on the growth rate trends witnessed in China and India in the last two decades.
Answer: In the last two decades, China has been able to maintain double digit growth rate. India began with a low growth rate of 5.7% in the first decade and has fared somewhat better in the second decade with 7.4% growth rate.

Question: Compare and contrast India and China‘s sectoral contribution towards GDP in 2015. What does it indicate?
Answer: The following table shows sectoral contribution in GDP in 2015-17 in India, China and Pakistan.
i) Agriculture Sector: It is clear from the above table that agriculture is the lowest contributor to GDP in all the three countries. Highest contribution of agriculture in GDP is in Pakistan with 25% followed by India with 17% and China has the lowest share of agriculture 9%.
ii) Industry: In case of China, industry is the largest contributor to GDP with 43% and India contributes 30% from industry and lowest contribution is 21% of Pakistan. It shows China has build strong manufacturing base.
iii) Service sector: In case of Pakistan and India, the service sector is the largest contributor to the GDP with 54% and 53% respectively. China‘s share in service sector is lowest with 48%.
Indicates: Normal structural pattern says that initially countries are agrarian economy, then transforms in to industrial economy then tertiary sector grows. Tertiary sector supports service sector .
Above trend indicates that China is very strong in manufacturing sector however India & Pakistan are showing their growth in tertiary sector than in manufacturing sector. It indicates that in India and Pakistan‘s service sector is not completely supported by manufacturing sector. They are dependent on imports.

Question: Write a few lines on the comparative development experiences of India and its neighbouring countries.
Answer: Few lines on the comparative development experiences of India and its neighbouring countries are.
- India and Pakistan started its development process almost at the same time in the year 1947.
Whereas, the Republic of China was established in the year 1949.
- India launched its five-year plan in 1951-1956, while Pakistan started its plan in 1956 and China started in the year 1953.
- India and Pakistan follow the same strategy as generating a large public sector and rising public expenditure on social development.
- All three counties have the same growth rates and per capita income until the year 1980.
- In all the three countries economic reform started from India 1991, China 1978, and Pakistan 1988.

 

Assertion-Reasoning MCQs

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true 

Question: Assertion (A) The major policy initiatives, i.e. land reforms and green revolution helped India to become self-sufficient in food grain production.
Reason (R) The proportion of people depending on agriculture did not decline as excepted. 

Answer: B

Question: Assertion (A) India and Pakistan adopted the mixed economic model.
Reason (R) Mixed economic model allows both public and private sector to work hand-in-hand thereby allowing for efficiency.

Answer: A 

Question: Assertion (A) Regional and economic groups are formed to strengthen the economies of member nations.
Reason (R) It helps to understand the development process followed by member countries and evaluate our own strength and weakness.

Answer: A

Question: Assertion (A) There was low population growth in China.
Reason (R) One child policy was adopted by China. 

Answer: A

Question: Assertion (A) Every year the government fixes a target for disinvestment of private sector enterprise.
Reason (R) Disinvestment is an excellent tool for discarding the loss incurring public sector enterprise. 

Answer: (d)

Question: Assertion (A) India, Pakistan and China have started planning their developmental strategies in the same way.
Reason (R) India, China and Pakistan have started working on their developmental plans at the same time. 

Answer: B  

→ Answer in one sentence (1 mark each)

1. Define Liberty Indicator.

2. In which year New economic Reforms were introduced in Pakistan?

3. What do you mean by One Child norm?

4. Name three regional and economic groupings.

5. What are special economic zone?

 

→ Answer in around 60 words ( 3 marks each)

6. Explain the Great Leap Forward programme of China initiated in 1958?

7. Describe the path of developmental initiatives taken by Pakistan for its economic development?

8. Evaluate the various factors that led to the rapid growth in economic development in China?

9. China’s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reform in 1978.Elucidate.

10.What are the consequences of one child norm in China?

 

→ Answer in around 75 words (4 marks each)

11.Give reasons for the re emergence of poverty in Pakistan?

12.Comment on the growth rate trends witnessed in India ,China and Pakistan

 

→ Answer in around 100 words? (6 marks each)

13.Compare the development of China , India and Pakistan with respect to some salient features of human development indicators.

 

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