NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 6 Staffing

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 6 Staffing Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Briefly enumerate the important sources of recruitment.
Answer: The important sources of recruitment are:

1. Internal sources: It is the process of recruiting employees from within enterprise. Generally based upon seniority of employees. Internal sources of recruitment enjoy economy of time, expenses and resources.
2. External sources: It is the process of recruiting employees from outside the enterprise. Normally based upon the merit of employees. External sources are not as economical as internal sources.

Question. What is meant by recruitment? How is it different from selection?
Answer: Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organisation. The purpose of recruitment is to stimulate and attract more and more job applicants for different positions in the organisation.

The differences between recruitment and selection are:

Basis	Recruitment	Selection
Meaning	It is a process of searching suitable candidates to fill up vacant job position	It is a process of screening and selecting the most eligible candidates and offering them jobs
Stage	Recruitment proceeds the staffing function	Selection starts where recruitment ends
Nature	It is a positive process	It is a negative process

Question. Define Training. How is it different from education?
Answer: Training is a process by which the aptitudes, skills and abilities of employees to perform specific jobs are increased.

Basis	Training	Education
Meaning	Training is a process	Education implies
	by which the	increasing the
	aptitudes, skills and	overall knowledge
	abilities of employees	and
	to perform specific	understanding of

 

	jobs are increased.	the employees.
Scope	Narrow scope as it	Wide scope as it
	relates a specific task	leads to overall
	or job.	development.
Focus	Focuses on technical	Focuses on
	skills.	learning
		opportunities.

Question. Distinguish between training and development.
Answer:

Basis	Training	Development
Meaning	It is concerned with	It is concerned in
	teaching technical	teaching technical,
	skill only	human and
		conceptual skill
Focus	It focuses on	It focuses on
	present	future
	requirements of the	requirement of the
	organisation	organisation
Time	It is a short term	It is a long term
	process	process

Question. Why are internal sources of recruitment considered to be more economical?
Answer: Internal source of recruitment is the process of recruiting employees from within enterprise. Two sources of such recruitment are transfers and promotion. Internal source is cheaper in terms of time and cost. It saves the cost of advertisement and training also.

Question. What is the importance of staffing function in today’s environment?
Answer: The importance of staffing is:

1. Staffing helps in discovering and obtaining competent personnel for various jobs.
2. It makes for higher performance by putting right person on the right job.
3. It ensures the continuous survival and growth of the enterprise through the succession planning for managers.
4. It ensures optimum utilization of the human resources by avoiding over manning. It prevents underutilisation of personnel and high labour cost.
5. It improves job satisfaction and morale of employees through objective assessment and fair rewarding of their contribution.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 6 Staffing Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Define the staffing process and the various steps involved in it?
Answer: Staffing may be defined as the managerial function of hiring and developing the required personnel to fill in various positions in the organisation. Staffing injects into the organisation which is otherwise an empty shell of job positions. Staffing function is a key to other managerial functions viz, planning, organising, directing and controlling.

The steps involved in the process of staffing to be followed by the HR department are:

1. Estimating the manpower requirements: Staffing process begins with the estimation of manpower requirement i.e. finding out the number and type of employees needed by the organisation in near future.
2. Recruitment: It implies the process of inducing people to apply for the job in the organisation. Internal as well as external sources of recruitment may be explored for attracting a pool of prospective candidates.
3. Selection: It is the process of choosing the most suitable candidate to fill the vacant job position.
4. Placement & orientation: Placement refers to occupying of post by the candidate for which he is selected. Orientation refers to introduction of new employees to the existing employees and making them familiarise with the organizational working.
5. Training & development: Training is a process through which knowledge, skills, aptitude and abilities of employees to perform specific jobs are increased. Development implies learning opportunities designed to help the employees to grow.
6. Compensation: It implies all forms of pay or rewards given to the employees i.e., fixing compensation of an employee in order to match his/her contribution to the organisation with his/her remuneration.
7. Promotion and career planning – It includes determining promotion, transfer and demotion of personnel based on their performance appraisal.

Question. Explain the procedure for selection of employees.
Answer: The steps that Abhinav needs to follow for

Employees’ selection are:

1. Preliminary screening
2. Selection Tests: The different types of selection tests that can be conducted by Pawan Ltd are:
3. Intelligence test – This test is conducted to check the efficiency level of the employees in performing the job. This means assignment of the job related to vacant job position and testing the ability of the employees.
4. Aptitude Test – This test is conducted to test the potential of learning new job of the candidate. This test helps to know the candidate will be performing in future.
5. Personality Test – This test is conducted to find out the human behaviour of the candidate. This test relates to intelligence, aptitude, attitude and interest of the candidate.
6. Trade Test – This test is conducted to check the basic knowledge and skill of the candidate related to vacant job position.
7. Employment Interview
8. Reference & Background checks
9. Selection decision
10. Medical Examination
11. Job Offer
12. Contract of Employment

Question. What are the advantages of training to the individual and to the organisation?
Answer: Training is important for the organisation as well as for the employees too.

Importance of training for organisation is:

1. Training is a systematic learning which reduces the wastage of time and efforts.
2. It enhances employee productivity both in quality and quantity.
3. It aims at moulding the employees so that they can develop positive attitude for the organisation.

Importance of training for the employee is:

1. Improved skills and knowledge due to training lead to better career of the individual.
2. Training makes employee more efficient in handling machines.
3. It increases the satisfaction and morale of employees.

Question. The staffing function is performed by every manager and not necessarily by a separate department. Explain.
Answer: Staffing may be defined as the managerial function of hiring and developing the required personnel to fill in various positions in the organisation. Managing the people element is pre requisite function of any organisation as it serves the basis of level of efficiency of an organisation. The success of any organisation depends on how effectively this function can be performed.

Human resource department acts as link between workers and management. Handling grievances and complaints in an organisation is an essential part of the duty of human resource department. Staffing does not require a separate department. Staffing is the function performed by each manager. This also helps in utilisation of manpower. They should also work on how recruitment has to be done, what qualifications are necessary, etc. Staffing involves managing the organisational structure through proper and effective manpower. Planning, selection appraisal and development of personnel staffing consists of the following:

1. Identifying people who possess the right combination of skills, attitudes and interests.
2. Inducing them to join the organisation; and
3. Creating conditions for their continued association with the organisation so as to secure their maximum cooperation.

Application Type

 

Question. The workers of a factory are unable to work on new machines and always demand for help of supervisor. The Supervisor is overburdened with their frequent calls. Suggest the remedy.
Answer: The workers of the organisation shall be given proper training. Training is the process by which the aptitudes, skills and abilities of employees to perform specific jobs are increased. It improves their performance on the current job or prepares them for any intended job.

The benefits of training are:

1. Training is a systematic learning which reduces the wastage of time and efforts.
2. It enhances employee productivity, both in quality and quantity.
3. It aims at moulding the employees so that they can develop positive attitude for the organisation.
4. It helps in obtaining effective response to fast changing environment.
5. Training increases employee morale and reduces absenteeism and employee turnover.

Question. The workers of a factory remain idle because of lack of knowledge of hi-tech machines. Frequent visit of engineer is made which causes high overhead charges. How can this problem be removed.
Answer: The problem mentioned in the above case study can be solved by providing vestibule training. Vestibule training is an off the job training method where employees are trained in an actual work environment in a class room where employees use the same materials and equipment. Employees learn their jobs on the equipment they would be using, but the training is conducted away from the actual work floor. Though expensive, vestibule training allows employees to get a full feel of doing their task without the real world pressures. Trainees are made to work on dummy equipment’s and after relevant expertise they are shifted to actual work.

This is usually done when the employees are required to handle expensive machinery and equipment.

Question. The quality of Production is not as per standards. On investigation it was observed that most of the workers were not fully aware of the proper operation of the machinery. What could be the way to improve the accuracy?
Answer: The way to improve is to impart Training to workers to make them learn use of machinery. The training method which will be suitable in this situation is Apprenticeship training. In apprenticeship training programme, a supervisor or a trainer guides the workers or learner regarding the skill of job. The trainer performs the job and the trainees observe him performing it. The time period for apprenticeship programme varies between 1 to 2 years and the trainee is paid less than the skilled or qualified worker.

Question. An organisation provides security services. It requires such candidates who are reliable and don’t leak out the secrets of their clients. What step should be incorporated in selection process?
Answer: Selection is the process of choosing the most suitable candidate to fill the vacant job position. To solve this problem personality test should be performed. This test is conducted to find out the human behaviour of the candidate. This test relates to intelligence, aptitude, attitude and interest of the candidate.

Question. A company is manufacturing paper plates and bowls. It produces 100000 plates and bowls each day. Due to local festival, it got an urgent order of extra 50,000 plate’s bowls. Advise how the company will fulfil its order and which method of recruitment would you suggest.
Answer: To complete the order on time the company needs to recruit more people immediately and the most suitable method in this case is ‘labour contractors’. Labour contractors maintain close contact with the labour in villages and rural areas and whenever there is vacancy or requirement for labour in factory or in the construction site, they bring the labour from villages and supply to the organisations. They charge commission for the same. This method of recruitment is suitable for labourers and unskilled workers.

Case Study Problems:

CASE STUDY 1: A company X limited is setting up a new plant in India for manufacturing auto components. India is a highly competitive and cost effective production base in this sector. Many reputed car manufacturers source their auto components from here. X limited is planning to capture about 40% of the market share in India and also export to the tune of at least $5 million in about 2 years of its planned operations. To achieve these targets it requires a highly trained and motivated work force. You have been retained by the company to advise it in this matter. While giving answers keep in mind the sector the company is operating.

Question. Outline the process of staffing the company should follow.
Answer: The steps company shall follow in the process of staffing are:

2. Estimating manpower requirement
3. Recruitment
4. Selection
5. Placement & orientation
6. Training & development
7. Compensation
8. Promotion and career plannin

Question. Which sources of recruitment the company should rely upon. Give reasons for your recommendation.
Answer: Company should rely on external sources of recruitment. For the new plant, candidates from local area would be beneficial as they are familiar with working conditions, problems faced, etc. in the local region.

Question. Outline the process of selection the company should follow with reasons.
Answer: The process of selection the company should follow is

1. Candidates shall be asked to appear for written and other tests.
2. Tests shall measure skills and aptitude required for the job.
3. Proficiency tests and personality tests also help in knowing the candidate.
4. In the last, personal interview shall also be conducted before appointing the person.

4. Which methods of training and development should be company initiate? Explain giving reasons.

Answer: The training method which will be suitable in this situation is Apprenticeship training. In apprenticeship training programme, a supervisor or a trainer guides the workers or learner regarding the skill of job. The trainer performs the job and the trainees observe him performing it. The time period for apprenticeship programme varies between 1 to 2 years and the trainee is paid less than the skilled or qualified worker.

CASE STUDY 2: A major insurance company handled all recruiting, screening and training processes for data entry/customer service representatives. Their competitor was attracting most of the qualified, potential employees in their market. Recruiting was made even more difficult by the strong economy and the ‘jobseeker’s market.’ This resulted in the client having to choose from candidates who had the ‘soft’ skills needed for the job, but lacked the proper ‘hard’ skills and training.

Question. As an HR manager what problems do you see in the company?
Answer: The problems here are:

1. As competitor was attracting most of the qualified, potential employees in their market, there is shortage of qualified people.
2. Candidates lack skills that is required for a good performance.

Question. How do you think it can be resolved?
Answer: To resolve this problem, training should be provided to employees. Also to attract skilled people, the recruitment can be outsourced.

CASE STUDY 3: A Public transport corporation has hired 1000 buses for the different routes for the passengers of metropolitan city. Most of the 3000 crewmen (drivers, conductors, helpers etc.) of these buses have been found to be wanting in satisfactorily dealing with public and daily commuters. They seem to be little interested in the job and the job seem to have lost all meaning to them.

Question. As manager of the public transport company what measures do you suggest to improve the working of crewman in question?
Answer: To improve the working of crewman, following measures can be taken:

1. Motivation should be given both financial and non-financial to develop their interest in job.

1. Training should be provided to them with regard to soft skills.

2. Is it possible to modify their behaviour by planning a suitable type of training? Suggest one.

Answer: Yes, training will definitely help them to modify their behaviour. Training with regard to soft skills will help them in dealing with commuters politely. Motivation will also help them to realise the importance of their job.

CASE STUDY 4: Jayshree recently completed her Post Graduate Diploma in Human Resource Management. A few months from now a large steel manufacturing company appointed her as its human resource manager. As of now, the company employs 800 persons and has an expansion plan in hand which may require another 200 persons for various types of additional requirements. Ms. Jayshree has been given complete charge of the company’s Human Resource Department.

Questions. Point out, what functions is she supposed to perform?
Answer: The main function Ms. Jayshree is supposed to perform is staffing. It is the managerial function of hiring and developing the required personnel to fill in various positions in the organization.

What problems do you foresee in her job?
Answer: The problem that she is likely to face is of appointing right people at the right time and at the right place. Selecting the required candidate that is suitable for the job is rigorous process. For this right source of recruitment is to be selected. Training is the part of staffing. So, arranging for the training is also expected to be done by Ms Jayshree.

Question. What steps is she going to take to perform her job efficiently?
Answer: To perform her job efficiently, she should take following steps:

1. Staffing plan should be developed to estimate the manpower requirements.
2. Proper authority should be taken to appoint the required staff.
3. Selection test and screening shall be designed for selecting the employees.
4. For existing staff training sessions must be designed.

Question. How significant is her role in the organisation?
Answer: Staffing has important role in an organisation. Managing the people element is pre requisite function of any organisation as it serves the basis of level of efficiency of an organisation. The success of any organisation depends on how effectively this function can be performed. Human resource department acts as link between workers and management. Handling grievances and complaints in an organisation is an essential part of the duty of human resource department. Staffing does not require a separate department. Staffing is the function performed by each manager. This also helps in utilisation of manpower

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 6 Staffing Objective Type Questions

Question. Which of the following step in the process of staffing involves the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organisation.
(a) Recruitment
(b) Selection
(c) Training and Development
(d) Placement and Orientation 
Answer: A

Question. Which of the following statement is false with respect to training
(a) enhances employee productivity
(b) equips the future manager
(c) increases employee morale
(d) none of these 
Answer: D

Question. Which of the following on the job training method puts the trainee under the guidance of a master worker
(a) Apprenticeship Programmes
(b) Coaching
(c) Internship Training
(d) Job Rotation 
Answer: A

Question. Which of the following type of selection test provides clues to a person’s emotions, reactions, maturity and value system, etc.
(a) Aptitude Test
(b) Personality Test
(c) Intelligence Test
(d) Interest Test 
Answer: B

Question. Which of the following step in the process of selection, helps the Manager to eliminate unqualified or unfit job seekers based on the information supplied in the application form
(a) Preliminary Screening
(b) Employment Interview
(c) Reference and Background Checks
(d) Selection Decision 
Answer: A

Question. Which of the following off the job training method incorporates a prearranged and proposed acquisition of some specific skills or general knowledge
(a) Computer Modelling
(b) Programmed Instruction
(c) Vestibule Training
(d) Case Study 
Answer: B

Question. In which of the following external source of recruitment, applicants are introduced by present employees
(a) Labour Contractors
(b) Recommendations of Employees
(c) Campus Recruitment
(d) Placement Agencies and Management Consultants 
Answer: B

Question. Which aspect of staffing is concerned with up gradation of the knowledge and skills of the employees?
(a) Recruitment
(b) Selection
(c) Training
(d) None of these 
Answer: C

Question. Which of the following internal source of recruitment involves shifting of an employee from one job to another, one department to another
(a) Transfer
(b) Promotion
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these 
Answer: A

Question. Which of the following statement is true with respect to internal source of recruitment.
(a) Simplifies the process of selection and placement.
(b) Employees are motivated to improve their performance
(c) This is a more reliable way of recruitment
(d) All of the above 
Answer: D

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 6 Staffing One Word Answer Type Questions :

Question. The Quality of Production is not as per standards. On investigation, it was observed that most of the workers were not fully aware of the proper operation of the machinery. What could be the way to improve the accuracy ?
Answer: Training.

Question. Which method of training is suitable when employees are required to handle sophisticated machinery ?
Answer: Vestibule training.

Question. Name the sources of recruitment which involves shifting of an employee from one job to another, without a substansive change in responsibilities and states of an employee.
Answer: Transfer.

Question. Suppose you are the General Manager of Himanshu and Co. Ltd. You have been directed by the directors of the company to select a Chartered Accountant for the company. What would be your first step towards it.
Answer: Preliminary Screening.

Question. Suppose you are an Assistant of General manager of Mayank Co. Ltd. The General Manager has finished the interview to select a person and now tells you to carry on the next steps. What would be your next step towards it ? 
Answer: Background check and reference.

Question. Which source of recruitment is needed to bring new blood in the organisation ?
Answer: External Source.

Question. Alpha Enterprises is a company manufacturing water geysers. The company has a functional structure with four main functions- Production, Marketing, Finance and Human Resource. As the demand for the product grew, the company decided to hire more employees. Identify the concept which will help the Human Resource Manager in deciding the actual number of persons required in each department.
Answer: Workload Analysis.

Question. Bhagwati Enterprises is a company engaged in the marketing of air-conditioners of a famous brand. The company has a functional structure with the four main functions- Purchase, Sales, Finance and Staffing. As the demand for the product grew, the company decided to recruit more employees. Identify the concept which will help the Human resource Manager to find out the number and type of personnel available so that he could decide and recruit the required number of persons for each department.
Answer: Workforce Analysis.

Question. ‘Maintaining labour relations and union-management relations’ is one of the specialised activities performed by Human Resource Management. Mention any one other specialised activity of Human Resource Management. 
OR
‘Recruitment’ is one of the specialised activities performed by Human Resource Management. Mention any one other specialised activity of Human Resource Management?
OR
Ensuring social security and welfare of employees is one of the specialised activity performed by Human Resource Management. Mention any one other specialised activities of Human Resource Management?
Answer: Other specialised activities of human resource are :
(i) Recruitment
(ii) Analysing jobs

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 6 Staffing Short Answer Type Questions 

Question. State the steps in the selection procedure, after the employment interview and before the job offer. 
Answer: Steps in the Selection procedure, after the em-ployment interview and before the job offer are :
(i) Reference and background checks for the purpose of verifying the information and gaining additional information.
(ii) Selection decision from among the candidates who pass the tests, interviews and reference checks.
(iii) Medical Examination which includes a medical fitness test which the candidate is required to undergo.

Question. Describe briefly the following methods of training :
(i) Apprenticeship Training; and
(ii) Internship Training. 
Answer: (i) Apprenticeship Training
(a) Apprenticeship Training is a method of training in which the trainee is kept under guidance of a master worker for a prescribed period of time.
(b) It is designed to acquire a higher level of skill.
(c) People who want to enter skilled trades e.g. plumbers & electricians are often required to undergo such programme.
(ii) Internship Training
(a) Internship Training is a joint programme of training between educational institutions and business firms.
(b) Besides carrying out regular studies, the trainees also work in some factory or office to acquire practical knowledge and skills.

Question. Mr. Naresh recently completed his M.B.A. from one of the Indian Institutes of Management in Human Resource Management. He has been appointed as Human Resource Manager in a Truck Manufacturing Company. The Company has 1,500 employees and has an expansion plan in hand that may require additional 500 persons for various types of jobs. Mr. Naresh has been given the complete charge of the Company’s Human Resource Department. List out the specialised activities that Mr. Naresh is supposed to perform as the Human Resource Manager of the company.
Answer: Specialised activities that Mr. Naresh is supposed to perform as a human resource manager are :
(i) Analysing jobs.
(ii) Recruitment.
(iii) Selection.
(iv) Placement and orientation.
(v) Training and development of the employees.
(vi) Performance Appraisal.
(vii) Developing compensation and incentive plans.
(viii) Maintaining labour relations and union management relations.
(ix) Handling grievances and complaints.
(x) Providing for social security and welfare of the employees.
(xi) Defending the company in law suits and avoiding legal complications.

Question. State any three limitations of external sources of recruitment. 
Answer: Limitations of external source of recruitment:
(i) It may lead to dissatisfaction among existing employees as they may feel that their chances of promotion are reduced.
(ii) It is a lengthy process as the vacancies have to be notified and applications received before selection.
(iii) It is a costly process as a lot of money is spent on advertisement and processing of applications. 

Question. State any three merits of internal sources of recruitment.
Answer: Merits of internal sources of recruitment :
(i) Employees are motivated as promotion at a higher level may lead to a chain of promotions at lower levels in the organisation.
(ii) Internal sources simplify the process of selection as the candidates are already known to the organisation.
(iii) People recruited from within the organisation do not need induction training as the employees are already familiar with the organisation.
(iv) These sources help in adjustment of surplus staff in those departments where there is shortage of staff.
(v) Filling of jobs internally is economical as compared to external sources of recruitment.

Question. Explain the following methods of training :
(i) Vestibule Training; and
(ii) Internship Training.
Answer:
(i) Vestibule Training :
(a) It is a method of training which is imparted with the help of equipment & machines identical to those at the place of work.
(b) The training is conducted away from actual work floor and is generally used where the employees are required to handle sophisticated machinery.
(ii) Internship Training :
(a) Internship Training is a joint programme of training between educational institutions and business firms.
(b) Besides carrying out regular studies, the trainees also work in some factory or office to acquire practical knowledge and skills.

Question. Name and define the process in which candidates are eliminated at every stage and a few move on to the next stage till the right type of candidate is found. 
Answer: Selection. Selection is the process of choosing from among the pool of prospective job candidates developed at the stage of recruitment.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 6 Staffing Long Answer Type Questions

Question. The IT major GIPRA is terminating the employ-ment of its senior managers if, after evaluating their performance against pre-determined standards, it is found lacking. With this disruption, analysts say a large portion of the employees may become irrelevant unless they learn new skills and apply the knowledge to work on emerging technologies. GIPRA is ready to facilitate employee learning, through its in-house centres.
(i) Name the function of management performed by GIPRA to maintain a satisfactory work force.
(ii) Identify and explain the two steps in the process of the function of management discussed above.
(iii) Also state any two steps of the function of management discussed, that the firm had to perform before performing the above steps.
Answer:
(i) The function of management being performed by GIPRA to maintain a satisfactory work force is Staffing. 1
(ii) The two steps of staffing discussed above are:
(a) Training and development : The organisation should facilitate employee learning by having either in-house training centres or have forged alliances with training and educational institutes to ensure continuing learning of their employees. The organisations also benefit.
(b) Performance Appraisal : All organisations have some formal or informal means of appraising their employee’s performance. Performance Appraisal means evaluating an employee’s current and/or past performance as against certain predetermined standards. The performance appraisal process includes defining the job, appraising performance, and providing feedback.
(iii) Following are the two steps in the process of staffing that the management had to perform before performing the above steps:
(a) Estimating manpower requirements, which involves not merely knowing how many persons the company needs but also what type.
(b) Recruitment is defined as the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organisation.
(c) Selection is the process of choosing from among the pool of the prospective candidates developed at the stage of recruitment.
(d) Orientation is introducing the selected employee to other employees and familiarising him with the rules and policies of the organisation. Placement refers to the employee occupying the position or post which the person has been selected.

Question. A public transport corporation has hired 2000 buses for the different routes for the passengers of metropolitan city. In order to fill vacancies, it advertised in the newspaper and number of applicants applied for the same. The company has to now undertake the process of selection to identify and select the best. Explain the first six steps involved in the process.
Answer: Following are the steps involved in the selection process :
(i) Preliminary Screening : Preliminary screening helps the manager eliminate unqualified or unfit job seekers based on the information supplied in the application forms. Preliminary interviews help reject misfits for reasons, which did not appear in the application forms.
(ii) Selection Tests : An employment test is a mechanism (either a paper and pencil test or an exercise) that attempts to measure certain characteristics of individuals. These characteristics range from aptitudes, such as manual dexterity, to intelligence to personality
(iii) Employment Interview : Interview is a formal, in-depth conversation conducted to evaluate the applicant’s suitability for the job. The role of the interviewer is to seek information and that of the interviewee is to provide the same. Though, in present times, the interviewee also seeks information from interviewer.
(iv) Reference and Background Checks : Many employers request names, addresses, and telephone numbers of references for the purpose of verifying information and, gaining additional information on an applicant. Previous employers, known persons, teachers and university professors can act as references.
(v) Selection Decision : The final decision has to be made from among the candidates who pass the tests, interviews and reference checks. The views of the concerned manager will be generally considered in the final selection because it is he/she who is responsible for the performance of the new employee.
(vi) Medical Examination : After the selection decision and before the job offer is made, the candidate is required to undergo a medical fitness test. The job offer is given to the candidate being declared fit after the medical examination.

Question. State the merits of internal sources of recruitment.
Answer: Merits of internal sources of recruitment :
(i) Motivates employees as promotion at a higher level may lead to a chain of promotions at lower levels as well in the organisation.
(ii) Simplifies the process of selection as the candidates are already known to the organisation.
(iii) No need for induction training as the employees are already familiar with the organisation.
(iv) Helps in adjustment of surplus staff in those departments where there is shortage of staff.
(v) Economical sources of recruitment.

Question. What is meant by staffing? State any five points of its importance.
OR
Define ‘Staffing’ as a function of management and state its importance.
OR
Explain ‘Staffing’ as a function of management. Also explain by giving any four reasons, why proper staffing is required in an organisation. 
Answer: Staffing has been described as the management function of filling and keeping filled the positions in the organisation structure. Importance of staffing :
(i) Competent personnel : Staffing helps in discovering and obtaining competent personnel for various jobs. To prevent the shortage of technically skilled personnel, staffing is necessary.
(ii) Better performance : Staffing ensures better performance by putting right person in the right job.
(iii) Survival and growth : It ensures survival and growth of the enterprise through succession planning for the managers.
(iv) Optimum utilisation of the resources : Optimum utilisation of the resources requires efficient human resources. Staffing avoids over manning and thus high labour costs. It also avoids disruption of work by indicating shortage of the personnel in advance.
(v) Improves job satisfaction : It improves job satisfaction and morale of the employees through objective assessment and fair rewarding for their contribution.