Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Chapter 9 The Maratha War of Independence Solutions

1. Choose The Correct Option:

Question 1. Aurangzeb was annoyed by his bravery.
(a) Shahajada Akbar
(b) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
(c) Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj
Answer: (b) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
In simple words: Aurangzeb was annoyed by the bravery of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key historical figures and their significant attributes or actions to correctly answer questions about their relationships with other rulers.

Question 2. These decamped with the golden pinnacle from the Emperor's tent.
(a) Santaji and Dhanaji
(b) Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan
(c) Khando Ballal and Rupaji Bhosale
Answer: (b) Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan
In simple words: Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan were the ones who took the golden pinnacle from the Emperor's tent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important events and the individuals involved in specific actions during historical conflicts.

Question 3. He fought very bravely in the Goa battle.
(a) Yesaji Kank
(b) Nemaji Shinde
(c) Pralhad Niraji
Answer: (a) Yesaji Kank
In simple words: Yesaji Kank demonstrated great bravery during the battle in Goa.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on significant individuals and their contributions in specific battles or campaigns.

2. Find In The Text In The Lesson And Write Answers:

Question 1. Why did Sambhaji Maharaj return halfway from the Janjira campaign?
Answer:
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against the Siddi of Janjira in 1682 CE.
(b) The Marathas laid siege to Siddi's Dandarajpuri and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery.
(c) But on the other hand, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj. Hence Sambhaji Maharaj returned halfway from the Janjira campaign to protect/defend his kingdom.
In simple words: Sambhaji Maharaj had to return from the Janjira campaign because the Mughal army invaded Swaraj, requiring his presence to defend his kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the multi-faceted reasons behind major historical decisions, especially when involving military campaigns and defense strategies.

Question 2. Why did Sambhaji Maharaj decide to teach a lesson to the Portuguese?
Answer: The Portuguese of Goa joined hands with the Emperor against Sambhaji Maharaj, so the Maharaj decided to teach a lesson to the Portuguese.
In simple words: Sambhaji Maharaj decided to confront the Portuguese because they allied with the Mughal Emperor against him.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify alliances and conflicts between different powers, understanding the motivations behind these political decisions.

Question 3. While going to Jinji, Rajaram Maharaj left the responsibility of protecting Swaraj to whom?
Answer: While going to Jinji, Rajaram Maharaj had assigned the duty to protect Swaraj to Ramchandrapant, Amatya, Shankaraji, Narayan Sachiv, Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav.
In simple words: Rajaram Maharaj entrusted the protection of Swaraj to several key officials and military leaders while he was away at Jinji.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the names and roles of key administrators and military figures during critical periods of Maratha history.

Question 4. Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai's Valour in which words?
Answer: Devdatta has described Maharani Tarabai's valour in his Marathi poem:
ताराबाई रामराणी । भद्रकाली कोपली ।
दिल्ली झाली दीनवाणी । दिल्लीशाचे गेले पाणी ।
रामराणी भद्रकाली । रणरंगी क्रुद्ध झाली ।
प्रयत्नाची वेळ आली । मुगल हो सांभाळा ।।
In simple words: Devdatta praised Maharani Tarabai's bravery in his Marathi poem, comparing her to Bhadrakali and depicting Delhi as weakened by her might.

🎯 Exam Tip: Quote relevant literary descriptions or historical accounts to support answers about important historical figures.

3. Give Reasons:

Question 1. Aurangzeb turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Qutubshahi Kingdom.
Answer:
(a) Aurangzeb was not able to succeed his campaign against the Marathas.
(b) Therefore he suspended the campaign and turned his aim towards Adilshahi and Kutubshahi states.
In simple words: Aurangzeb shifted his focus to the Adilshahi and Qutubshahi Kingdoms because his campaigns against the Marathas were unsuccessful.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyze strategic shifts in historical campaigns, understanding the failures or successes that led to such changes.

Question 2. After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, the Marathas intensified their war with the Mughals.
Answer:
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj was brutally put to death by Aurangzeb.
(b) The Marathas took inspiration from his sacrifice and intensified their fight against the Mughals.
In simple words: The Marathas intensified their war against the Mughals following Sambhaji Maharaj's brutal execution, drawing inspiration from his sacrifice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how significant events, like the death of a leader, can galvanize a movement or change the course of a conflict.

Question 3. It was decided that the Raigad fort should be fought under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.
Answer:
(a) Zulfikarkhan put Raigad under siege.
(b) Rajaram Maharaj and his wife Maharani Tarabai, Sambhaji Maharaj's wife, Maharani Yesubai and his son Shahu were in Raigad.
(c) It was very risky for all members of the royal family to stay at one place.
(d) It was decided that Rajaram should escape from Raigad and the fight to defend Raigad would continue under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.
In simple words: Maharani Yesubai led the defense of Raigad fort because Zulfikarkhan had besieged it, and it was too dangerous for all royal family members to remain there, necessitating Rajaram's escape.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the strategic reasons behind decisions made during sieges and the roles of key figures in defending strongholds.

Choose The Correct Option:

Question 1. Akbar sought shelter with -
(a) Sambhaji Maharaj
(b) Mukarrab Khan
(c) Rajaram Maharaj
Answer: (a) Sambhaji Maharaj
In simple words: Prince Akbar, a son of Aurangzeb, sought refuge with Sambhaji Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall important alliances and instances of political asylum to correctly answer questions about such historical events.

Question 2. Aurangzeb died in 1707 at -
(a) Kolhapur
(b) Janjira
(c) Ahmadnagar
Answer: (c) Ahmadnagar
In simple words: Emperor Aurangzeb passed away in Ahmadnagar in the year 1707.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important dates and locations related to the lives and deaths of significant historical figures.

Arrange The Events Chronologically:

Question. Arrange the events chronologically:
• Aurangzeb died at Ahmadnagar.
• Sambhaji Maharaj was put to death.
• Rajaram Maharaj escaped from Raigad fort.
• Aurangzeb descended to the South.
• Maharani Yesubai and Shahu put under arrest.
Answer:
• Aurangzeb descended to the South.
• Sambhaji Maharaj was put to death.
• Rajaram Maharaj escaped from Raigad fort.
• Maharani Yesubai and Shahu put under arrest.
• Aurangzeb died at Ahmadnagar.
In simple words: The events are chronologically ordered starting with Aurangzeb's arrival in the South, followed by Sambhaji Maharaj's death, Rajaram's escape, Yesubai and Shahu's arrest, and finally Aurangzeb's death.

🎯 Exam Tip: Create timelines to effectively memorize the sequence of major historical events and their relative timing.

Write The Meaning Of:

Question 1. Artillery
Answer: The army unit that uses big guns with big barrels.
In simple words: Artillery refers to the military branch and equipment that uses large-caliber firearms, like cannons, to fire projectiles.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define key military terms clearly, focusing on their function and characteristics in historical contexts.

Question 2. Killedar / Kiledar
Answer: In charge of the fort.
In simple words: A Killedar or Kiledar was an officer responsible for the administration and defense of a fort.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the administrative and military roles within historical governance structures, especially those related to fortifications.

Question 3. Guerilla tactics
Answer: The use of surprise raids hit and run by the army and repetitive attacks on the enemy.
In simple words: Guerilla tactics involve using small groups for surprise attacks, ambushes, and quick retreats, avoiding direct confrontation with larger forces.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the characteristics and strategic advantages of irregular warfare methods like guerilla tactics.

Find From The Text And Write The Answers:

Question 1. Who took away the golden pinnacle from the Emperor's own tent?
Answer:
(a) Santaji Ghorpade
(b) Vithoji Chavan
In simple words: Santaji Ghorpade and Vithoji Chavan were responsible for taking the golden pinnacle from the Emperor's tent.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific individuals associated with notable daring acts or military exploits mentioned in the text.

Question 2. Name the faithful Sardars of Rajaram Maharaj who joined him in the Jinji campaign.
Answer:
(a) Pralhad Niraji
(b) Khando Ballal
(c) Rupaji Bhosale.
In simple words: Pralhad Niraji, Khando Ballal, and Rupaji Bhosale were faithful Sardars who joined Rajaram Maharaj in the Jinji campaign.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the names of key associates and their roles in important historical campaigns to answer specific identification questions.

Question 3. What was Tarabai's warfare method called?
Answer: Tarabai's warfare method was called 'Safe deposit locker system'.
In simple words: Maharani Tarabai's strategic warfare method, which involved agile and decentralized defense, was metaphorically referred to as the 'Safe deposit locker system'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand and explain the unique terminologies or metaphors used to describe historical strategies and tactics.

Question 4. How did Aurangzeb entice many Maratha Sardars on his side?
Answer: Aurangzeb enticed many Maratha Sardars on his side by giving them watans and jagirs.
In simple words: Aurangzeb tried to win over Maratha Sardars by offering them land grants (watans and jagirs) as incentives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify and explain the political and economic strategies employed by rulers to gain loyalty or weaken opponents.

Question 5. Why was it decided that Rajaram Maharaj should escape from Raigad and go to Jinji?
Answer:
(a) The Jinji fort was far off in the south and was invincible.
(b) It was not an easy task for the Mughals to capture this fort.
Hence Rajaram escaped from Raigad and went to Jinji.
In simple words: Rajaram Maharaj escaped to Jinji because it was a distant and strong fort in the south, making it difficult for the Mughals to capture, thus ensuring his safety and continuity of resistance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyze strategic decisions related to royal movements and defensive positions during periods of intense conflict.

Question 6. How does Khafikhan describe Maharani Tarabai?
Answer: Khafikhan described Maharani Tarabai in the following words "She is intelligent and wise. She became very famous for her management of army and administration even during the rule of her husband".
In simple words: Khafikhan described Maharani Tarabai as an intelligent and wise ruler, renowned for her excellent management of both military and administration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall and cite historical descriptions or opinions of important figures from primary or secondary sources.

Question 7. When was the sign of the tilting of the balance to the other end seen?
Answer: It was when trusted Sardars like Krishnaji Sawant, Khanderao Dabhada, Dhanaji Jadhav and Nemaji Shinde started the battles on various fronts against the Mughals outside Maharashtra which gave a sign of the tilting of the balance to the other end.
In simple words: The balance of power began to shift when Maratha Sardars, including Krishnaji Sawant, Khanderao Dabhada, Dhanaji Jadhav, and Nemaji Shinde, initiated widespread attacks against the Mughals beyond Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Analyze turning points in historical conflicts and identify the actions or events that signaled a shift in power dynamics.

Find Out And Write:

Question 1. They were in the forefront to invade Mughal territories.
Answer: Santaji and Dhanaji
In simple words: Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav were prominent Maratha generals leading invasions into Mughal territories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key military leaders and their roles in offensive campaigns against rival empires.

Question 2. He died in March 1700.
Answer: Rajaram Maharaj
In simple words: Rajaram Maharaj, the Maratha ruler, passed away in March 1700.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important dates associated with the lives of significant historical figures.

Question 3. He rebelled against his father and sought shelter with Sambhaji Maharaj.
Answer: Prince Akbar
In simple words: Prince Akbar, Aurangzeb's son, rebelled against his father and sought refuge with Sambhaji Maharaj.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify instances of internal conflict within ruling families and their impact on alliances or political landscapes.

Question 4. The Incharge of the Kolhapur province.
Answer: Mukarrabkhan
In simple words: Mukarrabkhan was the appointed head responsible for the administration and governance of the Kolhapur province.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the administrative appointments and their responsibilities in various regions during the historical period.

Question 5. The Great Maratha soldier of whom the Mughal soldiers were scared of.
Answer: Dhanaji
In simple words: Dhanaji Jadhav was a formidable Maratha warrior whose reputation instilled fear among Mughal soldiers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify influential military figures and their impact on enemy morale and perception.

Question 6. The Historian Riyasatkar G.S. Sardesai described Rajaram Maharaj as.
Answer: 'Sthirbuddhi' (Level Headed)
In simple words: Historian G.S. Sardesai characterized Rajaram Maharaj as 'Sthirbuddhi', meaning level-headed, highlighting his calm and steady leadership.

🎯 Exam Tip: Quote historical descriptions or epithets used by notable historians to characterize important figures, along with their meanings.

Give Reasons:

Question 1. Sambhaji Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and turn back.
Answer:
• Sambhaji Maharaj started a campaign against Siddi in 1682 CE.
• His army laid a siege to Dandarajpuri fort and battered the fort of Janjira with the artillery.
• But at the same time, the Mughal army invaded Swaraj.
• Sambhaji Maharaj had to abandon the Janjira campaign and turn back.
In simple words: Sambhaji Maharaj was forced to halt his Janjira campaign and return due to a simultaneous Mughal invasion of Swaraj, requiring his immediate attention for defense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a clear sequence of events and cause-and-effect relationships when explaining historical decisions, especially those driven by external threats.

Question 2. Noted historian Riyasatkar G.S. Sardesai has described Rajaram Maharaj by using the adjective 'Sthirbuddhi'. (Level Headed)
Answer:
• Rajaram Maharaj was thoughtful and kind-hearted.
• He brought together all the capable people in the Maratha empire.
• He united them and thus created a new enthusiasm amongst them.
• After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, he fought against Aurangzeb for 11 years with great courage and tenacity.
• Rajaram Maharaj's greatest achievement is that he protected Swaraj in those extremely difficult times.
In simple words: G.S. Sardesai called Rajaram Maharaj 'Sthirbuddhi' because he was a thoughtful, kind-hearted leader who unified capable Marathas, fought valiantly against Aurangzeb for 11 years, and successfully protected Swaraj during a very challenging period.

🎯 Exam Tip: Support historical adjectives with concrete examples of a ruler's actions and contributions, demonstrating their leadership qualities.

Question 3. The Eighteenth century is known as the Maratha Century.
Answer:
• After the death of Aurangzeb, not only did the Marathas filled the vacuum in the political arena, but also lead the political affairs.
• They ruled over Delhi's throne and almost all parts of Hindustan and also protected it.
• Due to sequence of events, the 18th century is known as the 'Maratha Century'.
In simple words: The 18th century is known as the 'Maratha Century' because after Aurangzeb's death, the Marathas emerged as a dominant political force, controlling significant parts of India and leading political affairs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the key factors and historical context that contribute to the naming of historical periods after dominant powers or cultures.

Complete The Following Flow Chart:

The lineage of the Bhosale family.
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह चित्र भोसले परिवार की वंशावली को दर्शाता है। यह मलोजिराजे से शुरू होता है, जिसके बाद शाहजीराजे (1594 ईस्वी से 1664 ईस्वी) आते हैं। शाहजीराजे की दो मुख्य शाखाएँ हैं: छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज (1630 ईस्वी से 1680 ईस्वी) और व्यंकोजी। छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज की शाखा से छत्रपति संभाजी महाराज (1657 ईस्वी से 1689 ईस्वी) और छत्रपति राजाराम महाराज (1670 ईस्वी से 1700 ईस्वी) आते हैं। संभाजी महाराज के पुत्र छत्रपति शाहू महाराज (1682 ईस्वी से 1749 ईस्वी) थे, जिनके बाद छत्रपति रामराजा (1750 ईस्वी से 1777 ईस्वी में गोद लिए गए) आए। राजाराम महाराज की पत्नी ताराबाई के पुत्र छत्रपति शिवाजी और राजसबाई के पुत्र छत्रपति संभाजी भी इस वंशावली में दिखाए गए हैं। एक और रामराजा (सतारा गद्दी द्वारा गोद लिए गए) भी प्रदर्शित है।
ℹ️ चित्र व्याख्या (Diagram Explanation): यह वंशावली आरेख भोसले परिवार के पूर्ण वंश वृक्ष को दर्शाता है। इसकी शुरुआत मलोजिराजे से होती है, जिसके बाद शाहजीराजे (1594-1664 ईस्वी) आते हैं। शाहजीराजे की दो मुख्य शाखाएँ हैं: छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज (1630-1680 ईस्वी) और व्यंकोजी। छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज के वंश में छत्रपति संभाजी महाराज (1657-1689 ईस्वी) और छत्रपति राजाराम महाराज (1670-1700 ईस्वी) शामिल हैं। संभाजी महाराज के पुत्र छत्रपति शाहू महाराज (1682-1749 ईस्वी) थे, जिनके बाद छत्रपति रामराजा (1750-1777 ईस्वी में गोद लिए गए) आए। राजाराम महाराज के वंश में छत्रपति शिवाजी (ताराबाई के पुत्र) और छत्रपति संभाजी (राजसबाई के पुत्र) शामिल हैं, साथ ही सतारा गद्दी द्वारा गोद लिए गए रामराजा भी। यह आरेख महत्वपूर्ण शासकों और उनके वंश का कालानुक्रमिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रदान करता है।