CBSE Class 11 English Writing Grammar Notes

(GRAMMAR) 

The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line against which a blank is given. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied.

i) Children love picnics and outings of their parents e.g. of with though they are
equally happier doing things with (a) __________
them around the house. A parent may make (b) __________
his child feels special by following some simple (c) __________
rituals, Bed times stories, the game of cards or (d) __________
simply talking and laugh together before going to (e) __________
bed-some give children a wonderful sense (f) __________
of well being. They hardly ever forgot these moments (g) __________
and cherish them throughout these lives. (h) __________

ii) Medha Patekar had been venturing into the forests since (a) _______
a long time, warnings from colleagues not with holding (b) _______
But she ensured that her team would abide in her (c) _______
regulations strictly, lest they will land themselves in (d) _______
hazardous situations. Many a times her forest related (e) _______
sense, which was superior than that of her (f) _______
team members, proved its worthy by preventing (g) __________
disasters so saving many lives. (h) __________

iii) I will never forget one of my childhood (a) __________
experience, I was trying to, climb a tree (b) __________
When my foot slipped and I fell and faint. (c) __________
My friends could not see me breathing and thought I had dead (d) _____
They all run away and left me. Mean while I regained (e) __________
consciousness and found that I could not more nothing (f)__________
I could neither get up or cry for help. (g) __________
I was having a terrible headache and pain in the back. (h)__________

iv) Advertisements can be extreme useful if they (a) __________
are useful. Obviously those can help you to (b) __________
decide what to buying. For example, if you break (c) __________
your pen and want to buy other, the first thing (d) __________
should be to look at much advertisements. (e) __________
This may help you to chose the best type. However (f) __________
advertisements can be harm if they try to exploit (g) __________
the public. It has been founded that young people (h) __________
expecially teenagars are affected the most.

v) The fact which we sometimes forget is (a) __________
that we human being are also a part of (b) __________
nature. We might live on tall cement (c) __________
buildings, we might travelling in cars and (d) __________
aeroplanes, but we can not live with food, (e) __________
water and air. if we continue pollute our (f) __________
Water resources, soil and air, we will soon finding (g) __________
that all our computers and LCD will help (h) __________
us to survive

vi) Automated Teller Machines (ATM) has revolutionised (a)__________
banking and made life easiest. (b) __________
Bank customers could now withdraw (c) __________
money of their account any time and (d) __________
some where in their own country or (e) __________
even from the world. However (f) __________
like any other electrical gadget, (g) __________
they could also malfunction. (h) __________

vii) Madhu lost her father when she is still (a) __________
a child. Her uncle looked at all the property (b) __________
that she inherit from her father (c) __________
since a few years her uncle worked very (d) __________
sincerely. Afterwards he thinks, “This (e) __________
property should make me rich. How long (f) __________
should I kept serving my niece? (g) __________
I must do anything. (h) __________

viii) One day an one eyed man was travelling (a) __________
through a bus who was feeling uneasy (b) __________
because he was carrying a big bag on him (c) __________
shoulder. Anyone sitting next to him said,” (d) __________
why didn’t you keep your bag (e) __________
beneath the seat”. The man smiled (f) __________
and said, “It was too big to (g) __________
be kept their.” (h) __________

ix) Tools made the early man much powerful (a) __________
than the stronger of animals. They were (b) __________
very simple and ordinary. But we shall remember (c) __________
that these were the first tools make by (d) __________
human beings. For these tools the everyman (e) __________
took the first great step towards make (f) __________
my life better. Since that time human (g) __________
beings have been made better and better tools (h) __________

x) More of the fun and excitement in your life. (a) __________
comes from use your senses. senses open up (b) __________
a world who is full of sights, sounds, smells (c) __________
tastes and things to touch. The sharpen your (d) __________
senses and the more you use it, the (e) __________
more enjoyable each of these become for (f) __________
you. For instance a painter would see (g) __________
shades and shape. (h) __________

QUESTIONS : 7
In the unedited passage given below, one word has been omited in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined.

i) It was from of the thrillers that (a) __________
he read that he got an idea to (b) __________
eliminate girl’s friend’s USbased
(c) __________
fiancee, was to visit India (d) __________
September. In a bid to arrange (e) __________
money a murder weapon, Bikram Singh (f) __________
devised a plan of extorting money a (g) __________
businessman making threat calls (h) __________

ii) In an accident, maksood, 19, was run by (a) __________
a DTC bus is Mangolpur area Friday morning (b) __________
Police said Maksood on his way to work in his (c) __________
two wheeler the bus hit him. (d) __________
“He rushed to Sanjay Gandhi Hospital, (e) __________
he succumbed to injuries”. said a senior (f) __________
Police officer. A case of rash negligent (g) __________
driving registered against the driver. (h) __________

iii) Congress leader demanded the centre take (a) __________
a quick decision the issue of a separate (b) __________
Telangana, and said that there no compromise (c) __________
On the demand. “The demand justified democratically (d) _________
Constitutionally politically, “Mr. K. Jana Reddy said. (e) __________
Formation separate Telangana state (f) __________
benefit congress politically and enhance (g) __________
its credibility the Lok Sabha Election 2014. (h) __________

iv) The Gujarat High Court Monday expressed (a) __________
concern six witneses retracting (b) __________
earlier statements that contested the (c) __________
state polic version of death of Mumbra girl (d) __________
Ishrat Jahan. The six witnesses, who earlier opposed (e) __________
the police theory of Ishrat dying in encounter (f) __________
With the security forces, now changed their (g) __________
position saying their statements recorded (h) __________
under duress.

v) When he was younger had fallen sick, everyone (a) __________
in the neighbourhood had come to ask his health (b) __________
Now, when his days drawing to a close, no one (c) __________
Visited him. Most of old friends were dead. His (d) __________
sons had grown up; One was working a local (e) __________
garage, the other had stayed in Pakistan he was at the (f) __________
time of partition. The children had bought kites (g) __________
from him ten years ago were now adults, struggling for living (h) __________

vi) Jimmy immediately turned go, but as (a) __________
he reached the door, he hesitated, and (b) __________
said, “May I not see the one, sir, for (c) __________
a moment?” He believed Mini had not (d) __________
changed. He thought she come running to (e) __________
him as she to do. He had brought in (f) __________
memory of former days a nuts and (g) __________
grapes. His money had all gone he was in prison (h) __________

vii) Investigations have been going on a long (a) __________
time to produce environment friendly plastic in (b) __________
the sense that it decays becomes a part (c) __________
of soil like rotting vegetables scraps do. (d) __________
The scientists of Imperial Industries been able (e) __________
to develop just a plastic called “Biopol.” (f) __________
It manufactured by microbes. Bottles, film (g) __________
and fibers be made out of it. (h) __________

viii) Psychologists found that playing with toys and (a) __________
games serves vital functions in a child’s life, (b) __________
including: Helping him to discover environmental (c) __________
developing ability to concentrate, releasing (d) __________
emotional tension, and communication others. (e) __________
The fact is that toys are essential to the (f) __________
mental physical development (g) __________
of child. (h) __________

ix) The main sources of pollution the urban (a) __________
liquid sewage the industrial liquid waste. Then (b) __________
There is surface run off from cultivated fields often (c) __________
contains pesticides and inseticides. People dump (d) __________
thousands of dead bodies and animals the (e) __________
river day. If the liquid sewage (f) __________
treated before throwing it in to the river (g) __________
We produce some electricity to run the pumping (h) __________
set and to lighten up some near by places.

x) During the last decades there has been (a) __________
considerable advancement in field of agriculture, (b) __________
dairy farming, breeding fish etc. All (c) __________
developments have given more food (d) __________
and nutritious food to the people (e) __________
All this improved the nutrition of the (f) __________
People is in no way less important (g) __________
the wonder drugs, the gift of medical science (h) __________

QUESTION NO. : 8

Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. Write the correct sentences in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers.
e.g. : Children / vacations / can’t / for fun / meant / are / compromise
/ and Vacations are meant for fun and children can’t compromise.

i) comes from / the / most of / flavour / its / of / aroma / food.

ii) grew up / of the / amidst / Siddharth / pleasure / the / at / royal court / Kapilvastu.

iii) measured / intensity / in / decibel / Noise / is / units.

iv) and / eased up / tourist / study / visas / has / America / for Indians.

v) high levels / contains / and sugar / of / junk food / fat / salt.

vi) On adequate / and / depands / preparation / indomitable / success / determination.

vii) Amendment Bill 2006 / passed / the juvenile / on / Justice / August 8, 2006 / The Parliament.

viii) West Bengal Bhutan / The technical / are / at / network / the / currently / an / railway / advanced stage / studies / for.

ix) As soon as / arrested / the / were / terror / suspects / plot / all the / and / was thwarted.

x) unaffected / the 2004 / was / jawa island / by / tsumani

xi) because of / Delhi / earthquakes / its locatons / prone to / is.

xii) debate / is not / or a / test / group / formal / discussion / discussion / a

xiii) to save / the working / the counsellors / couples / should / regularly / their marriage / consult.

xiv) major / cotton / the textile / shortage of / a / industry / is / good quality / facing.

xv) to / all / should be / schools / these students / transferred / English medium / other.

xvi) to generate / sincere / in the / the Govt. / rural areas / make / efforts / should / employment.

xvii) should be / all the / in bad / residents / of / condition / The / buildings / notices / served.

xviii) to meet / regularly / India / requirements / its / the sugar / imports.

xix) between / countries / taking place / water wars / developing / are / many.

xx) its approval / The Union / sixth / gave / for the / of / pay commission / cabinet / setting up / the.

xxi) New Delhi / India / fair / inaugurated / International / Education / the / on / 45th / July 15, 2006, / was / in .

xxii) widely / in / English / India / one / language / of the / spoken / is / most.

xxiii) growing / of the / India / economies / rapidly / is / of / one / world / the

xxiv) to oversee / better / the state / steps / setting up / the / take / infrastructure / should / active / of

xxv) slaves / have / machines / modern gadgets / made / us / to. (90)

DETERMINERS :

Determiner is a word that is used before a noun in order to show which thing you mean. In the phrases ‘the car’ and ‘some cars’, ‘the’ and ‘some’ are determiners.

-A word such as the, some, my etc. that comes before a noun to show how the noun is being used.

List of the Determiners:

i) Articles (a, an & the)

ii) Distributives (each, every, either), Demonstrative (this, that, these, those), Quantifiers (little, some, any, few), Possessive (our, your, my), Interrogatives (what, which, whose), all, both, half, many, one fifth, one      tenth, two third, cardinal numbers & ordinal numbers.

Examples:

The indefinite article (Before Noun = singular, countable & common).

-> The form ‘a’ is used before a word beginning with a consonant, or a vowel with a consonant sound:

* A man

* A hat

* A European

* A one-way street

-> The form ‘an’ is used before words beginning with a vowel or words beginning with a mute h:

* An apple

* An onion

* An hour

* An L-plate

* An MP

* An SOS

* An M.A.

-> Before a singular, countable noun.

* I need a visa.

* He bought an ice-cream.

-> Before a singular noun which is used an example of a class.

* A car must be insured = All cars/Any cars must be insured.

* A child needs healthy nourishment = All children need/ any children needs healthy nourishment.

-> With a noun complement.

* It is an earthquake.

* She’ll be a dancer.

-> In certain expressions of quantity.

 A lot of, a couple, a great many, a great deal of, a dozen etc.

-> With certain numbers.

a hundred, a thousand, a kilo and a half, a third, a quarter.

-> In expressions of price, speed, ratio etc.

5p a kilo, L 1 a meter, 10p a dozen, for times a day (Here a/an = per)

-> In exclamations before singular, countable nouns:

Such a long queue!

What a pretty girl !

-> A Mr. Shaw (= a man called ‘Shaw’ and implies that he is a stranger to the speaker.) Without  ‘a’ implies that the speaker knows Mr. Shaw or knows of his existence.

-> The: (the definite article)

-> The object or group of objects is unique:

- The earth, the sea, the sky, the equator.

-> Before a noun which has become definite as a result of being mentioned a second time:

- His car struck a tree; you can still see the mark on the tree.

-> Before a noun made definite by the addition of a phrase or clause:

- The girl in blue

-the boy that I met.

- The man with the banner.

-> Before superlatives:

- The first week.

- The best day.

- The only way.

-> The + singular noun = a class of animals or things.

- The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.

-The deep-freeze has made life easier for housewives.

-> The old = old people in general.

-> Before the names of seas, rivers, groups of islands, chains of mountain, plural names of

countries, deserts, and regions.

- the Atlantic, the Netherlands, the Thames, the Himalayas, the Sahara, the Bay Of Bengal,

the Arabian sea, the United States of America.

-> The + plural surname = the …… family

The Clintons = Mr. and Mrs. Clinton (and children)

-> ‘The’ is not used before bed, church, court, hospital, prison, school/ college/university, when

these places are visited or used for their primary purpose.

- We go to bed/in bed.

- We go to school/at school.

•  Demonstratives :

i) This beach is quite beautiful.

ii) That ground is nearest to our school.

iii) These people come from Latin America.

•  Distributives :

i) Each child assembles his or her project.

ii) She had a bottle in each hand.

iii) You can park on either side of the street.

iv) I could hear every word they said.

•  Interrogatives :

i) Whose car broke down?

ii) Which horse won?

iii) What paper do you read?

•  Possessives :

i) The girls are with their brother.

ii) Mary’s father is her father.

iii) She changed her shoes.

iv) Hand your papers in.

• Quantifiers: Little, Few, Some, Any.

A) Little : before uncountable (Not much, almost nothing0

Examples:

i) There is little doubt in my mind. (Not much), have almost the force of a

negative.

ii) Sugar? ~ A little, please (A small amount)

B) Few: before countable & plural (Not many, almost none)

Examples:

i) Few people understand the plan. (Not many).

ii) We’ve had a few replies. (a small number)

C) Some :

i) I ate a date/ some dates.

ii) They bought some honey. (affirmative)

iii) Do some of you sleep on the floor? (I expect so)

iv) Would you like some wine? (offers/requests)

D) Any :

i) I haven’t any matches. (negative)

ii) I have hardly any spare time. (almost negative)

* Others:

i) One more, please!

ii) There’s only room for one person.

iii) It was the first time they had ever met.

iv) All the men had weapons.

v) All the people are ready.

vi) Both doors were open.

vii) Half of the fruit was bad.

viii) He has a half share in the company.

ix) Many people feel that the law should be changed.

TENSES
Time Structures Uses Examples

Rearranging the words for a meaningful sentence.
Following things will help you to from the meaningful sentence.
A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate.
A Sentence has some important elements – subject, verb, object, complement and adverbial.

- The following are the basic structures.

1. John       carefully       searched      the room.
       S               A                 V                 O
2. The girl is   now   a student      at a large university.
                 S      V     A          C                          A
1. His brother    grew     happier    gradually.
         S                 V           C            A

2. It     rained          steadily      all day.
        S                A               A          A

3. He     had given      the girl     an apple.
        S      V                  O               O

4. They    make   him      the chairman    every year.
      S          v         o                c                   a

7. She   saw that (it rained all day).
       S        V                O

8. His brother grew     happierwhen his friend arrived.
     S                         V               C                      A

9. That she answered the question correctly pleased   him    enormously
           S                                                       V                  O          A

Kinds of sentences & their structures

A. Based on meaning :
I. Assertive /statement :
I write a letter. S+v+o /c+ .

ii. Interrogative /Question:
Do you complete your work?
Where have they been living for a decade?
(Helping verb +S+V+O+?)
(Wh word +h.V.+S+V+O+?)

iii. Exclamatory –
How wonderful it is!
What a great king Ashoka was!
(How + adj./adv. + S+V+!)
(What + det + adj/adv + S+V+!)

iv. Imperative -
Open the door.
V+O/A

B. Based on the structure :
1. Simple = consists of only one predicate
I am living in New Delhi.
2. Complex = consists of one main clause and sub-ordinate clause/s.
e.g. If I come to you, I will give a book to you.
3. Compound = consist of two or more than two clauses of equal importance.
e.g. We came in first but we did not win the race.

                                                                             CLAUSES

Clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb, and forms a sentence or part of a sentence.
e.g. They often go to Italy            because they love the food
Main clause                                    subordinate clause

Simple sentence – only one main clause
Complex – one main clause +one or more than one subordinate clause.
Compound – two or more than two main clauses.

Subordinating conjunction : - A subordination conjunction joins a clause to another on which it depends for its full meaning.
- After, till, no sooner---- than, when, as soon as, as , since, before, while = time
- In order that, so that, lest =purpose
- Where, wherever = place
- Because, since, that, as, = reason, cause

- If, whether, unless, on condition that = condition
- That, = result or consequence
- Than, as-as = comparison
- Though, although, even if = supposition, concession
Coordinating conjunction = A coordinating conjunction joins together clauses of equal rank.
- And, but, for, or, nor, also, either---or, neither---nor.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES
1. Which sentences below are incorrect because 'the’ is not needed
2. The sun was shining.
3. She rushed out of the room.
4. We grow the potatoes and the carrots.
5. One of the men stood up.
6. How long have you been learning the English?
7. He loves playing the tennis.
8. Could you pass me the butter?
9. I was born in the June.
10. She was amazed at the beauty of the island.
11. My mother has a sleep after the lunch every day.

2. Read the passage below and decide whether a, the, or no articles needed to fill each gap correctly.
Spanish is one of ------ most widely spoken languages in ------- world. It is spoken all over--------- South America except for -------- Brazil. Like Italian and Portuguese, ------- Spanish language is related to Latin. ----------- recent report stated that -------number of Spanish speakers in -------United State of America will be higher than -------number of English speakers by ----------year 2090. As ----------result of this, nearly all North American schools teach Spanish. -------- language with ----------most speakers in -------- world is Mandarin Chinese.
 

3. Fill in the blanks by using a or an
He was wearing --------hat. I have just bought------new computer. What -------interesting life you’ve had! Do you have to wear ------- uniform? The book was given to me by ------ uncle. This should only take half -----hour. ------ plane flew overhead. He took me to --- expensive restaurant. This is ------- one-way street. She wanted to be---- MP.

4. Complete this narration using suitable determiners.
A----------months back, ------big fire broke out in our locality. It had caused a ----------- damage, but fortunately------- was hurt. It was a calm night and I was reading in the hall.
I smelt------ burning and heart ------ shouting down the road. I saw a house on fire with ------------flames leaping from one roof to another. I immediately phoned the police andfire department, and -------of us rushed out.

5. Use the appropriate modal to fill in the blanks.
(Meaning of the modal are given in the bracket)
1. Teacher to student : you -----------study at least three hours a day.(Speaker’s authority)
Student to his classmate: I -------study at least three hours a day (external authority)
His classmate: you -------study for more three hours. (Moral obligation)
2. -------------- I read your newspaper? (informal permission)
-----------I come in ? (formal permission)
3. She -------- speak Spanish. (present ability)
She ------swim when she was 11 years old. (Past ability)
4. --------you babysit for us on Friday? (polite request)
--------you close the door? (Formal request)
5. The stadium -----= be emptied in four minutes. (possibility)
I --------- do it now, if you like. (Less possible)
They------ well win. (Something is possible)
6. They------ burn coal; now they burn fuel oil only. (Expresses a past habit or routine)
7. You ------ not begin until I tell you. (formal prohibition)
Reference books ------ not be taken out of the Library. (Written prohibition)

6. JUMBLED SENTENCE
REARRANGE THE WORDS SO THAT THEY ARE IN THE CORRECT ORDER.
1. attention. Babies need constant
2. author? Is who your favourite
3. the team’s the place victory guarantees final. Tonight’s
4. highlights a of number instances The of injustice. Report
5. on contains museum interesting rural some The exhibits Spanish life
6. She a on in in tower an estate block London. Lives
7. The on today’s Flights the displayed are of monitor. Details
8. What the school. Wear fairly take to I towards kids a relaxed attitude
7. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied.

1. I would welcome the chance to working as part -----------
of a small dynamic team how I could make -----------
an significant contribution while developing -----------
my skills yet further. I must be happy to -----------
show you a portfolio of mine work -----------
I am available with interview next week and -----------
look forward to hear from you. -----------

2. Could you tell me where many
hours the week of language
tuition are offer and how
large the groups is ?
I would also like with know
whether special diets is
catered with, as
one of my friends are
a vegetarian.

9. Tenses
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
Dear Mr. Jones,
My family and I (suffer)a good deal lately from the noise made by your guests when they (leave) your house on Saturday nights. They (stand) in the street, (laugh) loudly and (call) goodbye to you and to each other. Then they (get) into their cars (bang) the doors loudly, and finally they (reverse) their cars on to the road.

9. Complete the utterances in the most suitable way using a variety of ways to express future time
e.g. “It’s getting too cold. I’m going to get a sweater.”
1. “Thanks a lot for lending me your Mathematics book. I __________________ it on Monday.”
2. “Somebody has broken into our house. I ________________the police immediately.”
3. “I’m feeling very hungry. I think I ________________some snaks.”
4. “It’s 7.00p.m. They___________ here any moment, now.”
5. “This circular announces that school____________ on 1st September.”
6. “The dolphin _____________ through the hoop. Just watch it.”
7. “When__________you give us a treat for your birthday?”
8. “Who ______________the phone now? I have answered it twice already.”
9. “Office __________open this Sunday. So, you may submit the documents then.”
10. “__________________the computer much longer? I need to use it soon.”

Q.10 Transform the sentences by using appropriate conjunctions.
1. Hardly had the teacher entered the class, the students stood up.(As soon as)
2. He is too weak to walk properly.(use that)
3. Search the room. You will find the pen. (if)
4. The soldier was wounded. He was not killed. (Although)

Q.11 In each sentence you find an error. Rewrite the sentence with a correct alternative.
1. He will stay. If you asked him to.(conditionals)
2. Having doing his duty, he felt satisfied. (participle)
3. I have usually a cold shower in the morning. (place of adverb)
4. The number of people attending the meeting was quite small. (subject verb agreement)

Q.12. Use the following linking words and fill in the blanks.
(and, while, because, then, although, or, however, otherwise, so, if)
A few weeks ago, I did some ironing ______ _______ went out to do some shopping. __________ I was out, I realised that I couldn’t remember whether I had switched the off _________ left it on. __________I had left it on; the house might be on Fire! I was really worried _________ I ran home at once. ___________, I needn’t have worried______, ________ I had left the iron on, everything was all right. It was a good thing I got home in time, _________ things could have turned out very differently.

DETERMINERS-SOLVED EXERCISE

In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it against the correct blank number.
Have you ever seen banyan tree? The banyan a)
must be biggest tree found in India. A full b)
grown banyan is as high as three storeyed building. c)
We don’t see banyan trees in cities. They are so huge that d)
they can only grow in open places. Banyan looks like e)
palace standing on pillars. It doesn’t have f)
just main trunk like others do. It has many g)
roots coming down. These hanging roots enter ground and look like smaller trunks. h)
Answers
a) seenabanyan
b) be the biggest
c) asa three
d) see many banyan
e) a banyan
f) a palace
g) justone main
h) enter the ground

DETERMINERS-UNSOLVED EXERCISE
In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word alongwith the word that comes before and the word that comes after it against the correct blank number.
It was not new emotion. Doubt was my a)___
oldest enemy. I knew well. Yet I b)___
had never expected to come, to c)___
arrive so suddenly. There was feeling d)___
that I would be free from it. But was e)___
not so. More I tried, the more I f)___
felt confused. But way had to be found at any cost. g)___
I could not start work without tension. h)___

TENSE SOLVED
EXERCISE

Rewrite the following passage using the verbs (in brackets) in their correct form: For a while I 1)___ (can) not decide whether I should speak to her or not. I did not have the guts to tell her that her mother 2)___ (die) before the doctor 3)___ (arrive). She 4)___ (turn) her eyes towards me. She 5)___ (anxious) to know about her mother. I 6)___ (collect) courage and 7)___ (move) my lips and silently told her that her mother 8)___ (pass away). 
Answers-
1) Could not 2) had died 3) arrived
4) turned 5) was anxious 6) collected
7) moved 8) had passed away

UNSOLVED EXERCISE
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet.
The general elections were to be hold next month e.g. hold….held
The polling booth was set up. All the a)____
Polling officer could be appointed.The b)____
task of appointing observers might completed c)____
Ballot papers will be sent to their proper d)____
places. In fact all the arrangements had e)____ made.
The general elections must be sold smoothly. f)_____

CLAUSES- SOLVED EXERCISE
Complete the following sentences with proper clauses.
1) God helps those ……………………
2) You should act……………………….
3) She cannot convince her husband……………..
4) There are many places………………

Clues:- 1)……. who help themselves.
2)……. as you are told.
3)……. however hard she may try.
4)…….which we haven’t visited.

UNSOLVED EXERCISE
1) I want to know ……….
2) She did not attend the school………
3) Let us consider…………
4) The first thing……………

MODALS - SOLVED EXERCISE
There is an error concerning ‘modals’ in each line of the following passage. Find the error and write the correct word in your answer sheet against the correct blank number.  One ought to say that man has not made e.g. ought to… can/may/might

Much progress from the other animals .It should be that in many ways animals are (a)
superior to man still. All dare agree that ants have a great social organisation (b)
which shall have wandered many. Ants (c)
work ceaselessly and for others. We have learn (d)
from them so many things and these shall (e)
teach us lessons of civilization .In no case may we late other lining beings. (f)

UNSOLVED EXERCISE

Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals:
1) …...I see you in the morning?
2) It……rain. I am not sure.
3) We……improve our lot.
4) I……to express my views on pollution.
5)……his soul rest in peace!
6) I did all that I……do for my son.

EDITING-SOLVED EXERCISE
The following passage has not been edited. There is a word missing in each line. Find the missing word that comes before and after it.
An Inter House Debate Competition will held next Sunday. (a)
All the House Incharges requested to enlist teams from their houses by tomorrow. (b)
The topic and the time limit have already put up (c)
On the notice board. The student advised to note down the topic from the notice board . (d)
It expected that proper decorum would be made. (e)
Proper seating arrangement have already made. (f)

Clues: a) will be held
b)inchargesare requested
c)alreadybeen put
d)studentsare advised
e)itis hoped
f)alreadybeen made

JUMBLED WORDS SOLVED EXERCISE WORDS:

1) In India/grown/is/coffee/the farmers/by
Ans= coffee is grown by the farmers in India.

2)by her/not being/the flowers/are / plucked.
Ans= The flowers are not being plucked by her.

3)the student/is/by/sung /national anthem/ the
Ans= The national anthem is sung by the students.

4)has come/the/the/is glad/baby/that/mother
Ans= the baby is glad that the mother has come.

UNSOLVED EXERCISE
1) oil/was found/in the/North sea/1960s/the/under
2)world/country/finest/is/the/in/the/India/our
3) they/in the hall/for/ two hours/watching/had been/television
4) blessing/you/all/on/may/showered/be

Questions for Practice
1. Put the verbs in bracket in the correct tense and rewrite the following:
India (have) many calendars which Indians (use) since very early times. More than thirty (be)
still in use. One difficulty about having so many calendars (be) that the same date (fall) of
different days according to each.

KEY:
i. has ii. have been using iii. are iv. is v. falls
2. Put the verbs in bracket in the correct tense and rewrite the following:

i. The efficiency of a truck__________by the load it can take.
(a) knows
(b) is known
(c) has been known
(d) has known

ii. Last week every day my maid _______ a plate.
(a) breaks
(b) was broken
(c) broke
(d) has broken

iii. If I ___________ one more question, I would have passed.
(a) had answered
(b) would answer
(c) has answered
(d) would have answered

iv. The minister promised ____________ me a post in his department.
(a) to have given
(b) having given
(c) have given
(d) to give

v. Please don’t _____________ when you go out.
(a) leave opening the door
(b) leave the door open
(c) leave the door opened
(d) leave open the door

KEY: i. (b) ii. (d) iii. (a) iv. (d) v. (b)

3. The following passage has not been edited.
There is an error in each line against which a blank is given. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet against the correct blank number as given in the example. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied.
Nothing, they say, was more constant than change.                   e.g. was – is
Science, being a dynamic subject, was regularlywitness            (a) ________
to changes, as old theories periodically gets discarded              (b) ________
and new ideas regularly pop up. We are living at very                (c) _________
interesting times. A scientific temper, having lain                        (d) _________
quiescent for some years, is get charged with a slew of             (e) _________
new discoveries tumbling in of laboratories around the globe.    (f) _________

Key:
(a)was – is (b) gets – get (c) at – in (d) A - The (e) get – getting (f) in – out

4. Correct the following sentences using proper tense forms:
(a) I am liking it very much.
(b) Madhu is always writing beautiful poems.
(c) If you will go to Ludhiana, buy a good shawl for me.
(d) Where you got this pen from?
(e)Rohit is working in this film for ten years.
(f) These students prepare for their exams these days.

Key:
(a) I like it very much
(b) Madhu writes beautiful poems
(c) If you go to Ludhiana, buy a good shawl for me.
(d) Where did you get this pen from?
(e) Rohit has been working in this firm for ten years.
(f) These students are preparing for their exams these days.

5.Rewrite the following sentences after making necessary correction of errors:
(a) The Aryans were brave peoples.
(b) The rider’s hat was blown off by the strong wind.
(c) I am the one who am to blame.
(d) Five plus seven are twelve.
(e) He has won the tournament in 1986.
(f) Choose only such friends whom you can trust.
(g) The poor people of the village buy neither vegetables nor grow them.

Key:
(a) The Aryans were brave people.
(b) The rider’s hat was blown off by a strong wind.
(c) I am the one who is to blame.
(d) Five plus seven is twelve.
(e) He won the tournament in 1986.
(f) Choose only such friends who you can trust.
The poor people of the village neither buy vegetables