CBSE Class 11 Economics Rural Development Notes

Download CBSE Class 11 Economics Rural Development Notes in PDF format. All Revision notes for Class 11 Economics have been designed as per the latest syllabus and updated chapters given in your textbook for Economics in Class 11. Our teachers have designed these concept notes for the benefit of Class 11 students. You should use these chapter wise notes for revision on daily basis. These study notes can also be used for learning each chapter and its important and difficult topics or revision just before your exams to help you get better scores in upcoming examinations, You can also use Printable notes for Class 11 Economics for faster revision of difficult topics and get higher rank. After reading these notes also refer to MCQ questions for Class 11 Economics given on studiestoday

Revision Notes for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development

Class 11 Economics students should refer to the following concepts and notes for Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development in Class 11. These exam notes for Class 11 Economics will be very useful for upcoming class tests and examinations and help you to score good marks

Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development Notes Class 11 Economics


Rural Development

Concept of Rural Development

Rural development focuses on action for the development of areas that are lagging behind in the overall development of the village economy. Areas which need development are:

  • Development of human capital resources including education & health services.
  • Land reforms
  • Development of productive resources of each locality.
  • Infrastructure development.
  • Opportunities to diversify in non farm activities.
  • Special measures for alleviation of poverty.

Rural Credit

Rural credit means credit for the farming families.

Need

Most farming families in India are small & marginal holders having small amount of savings. Also the gestation between crop sowing & realization of income after production is quite long. Hence, farmers need money for buying various inputs.

Sources of Rural Credit

The various sources can be classified into two groups:

Non Institutional Sources or Informal Sector: it includes money lenders, traders, landlords, friends, relatives etc.

Institutional Sources: it includes:

  • Co- operative Credit Societies: They provide adequate credit at reasonable rate of interest. They also provide financial guidance in the planning of agricultural operations, assistance in raising crops & its productivity. Currently, cooperatives account for 43% share in credit flow of agricultural credit.
  • Regional Rural Banks (RRBs): These were set up in 1976 to provide adequate credit at cheaper rates. Nearly, 90% of the loans of RRBs are provided to the weaker sections.
  • Commercial Banks: Commercial banks provide both direct & indirect loans for the agriculture & allied activities for a maximum period of 15 years.
  • National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD): It was set up in July 1982 with an authorized share capital of Rs.500crores on a 50- 50 basis between RBI & the Union govt. Deputy Governor of RBI is the chairman of NABARD. It gives loan to state cooperatives, RRB & land development banks. It coordinates the activities of govt. in the development of small scale industries, village industries & rural craft.
  • Self Help Groups (SHGs): The SHGs promote thrift among rural households by minimum contribution from each member. From the pooled money, credit needs are fulfilled. The members have to repay the credit in small installments at low rate of interest. By March 2003, mare than 7lakh SHGs have been reported. They have helped in empowerment of women. Such credit provisions are generally referred as Micro Credit Programs.

Critical Appraisal of Rural Banking:

  • Rapid expansion of banking system had a positive impact on rural farm & non farm output, income & employment.
  • It helped farmers to avail services & credit facilities for meeting their production needs.
  • We have been able to achieve food security. But at the same time there are certain defaults observed in this system. These are:

Agricultural Market System

Agricultural marketing is a process that involves the assembling, storage, processing, transportation, packaging, grading & distribution of different agricultural commodities. Defects in Agricultural Marketing

  • Malpractices in unregulated markets.
  • Lack of information on prices prevailing in markets.
  • Inadequate storage facilities.
  • Lack of adequate finance.
  • Inadequate means of transportation & communications.
  • Lack of appropriate link between marketing & processing cooperatives & inefficient financial management.

Steps undertaken by the Govt. for Improving Agricultural Marketing

  • Regulation of market to create orderly & transparent marketing conditions to prevent farmers form exploitation.
  • Provision of physical infrastructure like road, railways, warehouses, godowns, cold storages & processing units.
  • Cooperative marketing for getting fair prices for the farmer product. Member farmers sell their surplus to the cooperative societies which substitute collective bargaining in place of individual bargaining.
  • The policy instruments like fixation of minimum support price (MSP), maintenance of buffer stock & distribution of food grains through PDS.

Agricultural Diversification in India

Diversification is an emerging challenge in the context of rural development. It has two aspects:

  • Diversification of Crop Production- it includes growing of variety of crops i.e. multiple cropping system.
  • Diversification of Productive Activity- it includes shift from agriculture to other activities like livestock, poultry, fisheries etc.

Q. Why is agricultural diversification essential for sustainable livelihoods?
A. The need for diversification arises from the fact that there is a greater risk in depending exclusively on farming for livelihood. Diversification towards new areas is necessary not only to reduce the risk from agricultural sector but also to provide productive sustainable livelihood options to rural people. It also promotes ecological balance.

Q. Explain the role of non farm employment in promoting rural diversification.
A. Much of the agricultural employment activities are concentrated in the Kharif season. But during the Rabi season, in areas where there are inadequate irrigation facilities, it becomes difficult to find gainful employment. Therefore expansion into other sectors is essential to provide supplementary gainful employment & realizing higher levels of income for rural people to overcome poverty & other problems.

Animal Husbandry 
In India, the farming community uses the mixed crop- livestock farming system— cattle, goats etc. this system provides increased stability in income, food security, fuel & nutrition for the family. Milk production 1966 onwards. 
Operation Flood- It is a system in which all the farmers can pool their milk & the same is processed & marketed to urban areas. In this system, the farmers are assured of a fair price & income from the supply of milk. 
 
Fisheries 
  • The water bodies consisting of sea, oceans, rivers, lakes, etc. are an integral & life giving source for the fishing community. 
  • In India, fish production from inland sources contributes about 49% & the balance of 51% is from marine sources (seas & oceans). 
  • Total fish production accounts for 1.4% of GDP. 
  • Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra & Gujarat are the major producers of marine products. 
  • Major problems faced by fishermen are: 
Poverty
Unemployment 
Absence of mobility of labor 
Illiteracy 
High debts 
 
Horticulture 
  • The main horticulture crops are fruits, vegetables, flowers, medicinal & aromatic plants, spices & plantation crops. 
  • The period between 1991- 2003 is called ‘Golden Revolution’ as in this period; planned investment in horticulture became highly productive. 
  • India has emerged a world leader in producing fruits like mangoes, bananas, coconut, spices etc. 
  • Flowers harvesting, nursery maintenance, hybrid seed production & tissue culture & food processing are highly profitable for rural women. 
 
Problems in Non- Farming Activities & their Solutions 
 
Livestock 
Problem- Less productivity as compared to other countries. 
Solution- Promotion of good breed of animals, improved veterinary care & better credit facilities. 
 
Fisheries 
Problem- Over fishing & pollution of water bodies. 
Solution- Welfare programs for fishing community & pollution needs to be controlled. 
 
Enhancing their role require investment in infrastructure like electricity, cold storage systems, marketing linkages, small scale processing units & technology improvements. 
 
Role of Information Technology 
IT plays a very significant role in sustainable development & food security in the following ways: 
It has the potential for employment generation in rural areas.
The quantity & quality of crops can be increased if farmers are informed about latest equipment & technology. 
Various issues like weather forecast, crop treatment, fertilizers, etc. can be made available to the farmers. 
 
Organic Farming 
Organic farming is a system of farming that maintains, increases & restores the ecological balance. This framing relies upon the use of organic inputs for cultivation & discards the use of chemical inputs. Organic inputs include organic manures, bio fertilizers & organic pesticides. 
 
Reasons/ Need of Organic Farming 
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers & pesticides leads to soil degradation & waste pollution. 
Organic farming is inexpensive & can be used by small farmers also. 
 
Advantages of Organic Farming 
Organic farming is less expensive. 
It generates income through international exports as the demand for organically grown crops is increasing. 
Organically grown food has more nutritional value than chemical farming. 
It increases employment opportunities as it requires more labor. 
The output is pesticide free & produced in an environmentally sustainable way. 
 
Limitations of Organic Farming 
Lack of awareness & willingness on the part of farmers to adopt new technology. 
There is inadequate infrastructure & marketing facilities. 
The output of organic farming is much less, so they are costly. 
Organic produce may have more blemishes & a shorter shelf life. 
Choice of production of off season crops is limited in organic farming.

 

Important Notes for Class 11 Economics Chapter 6 Indian Rural Development

Introduction

Agriculture is the major source of livelihood in the rural sector. Mahatma Gandhi once said that the real progress of India did not mean simply the growth and expansion of industrial urban centres but mainly the development of the villages.

What is Rural Development?
Rural development is a comprehensive term. It essentially focuses on action for the development of areas that are lagging behind in the overall development of the village economy.
Some of the areas which are challenging and need fresh initiatives for development in rural India include ff Development of human resources including
- Literacy, more specifically, female literacy, education and skill development
- Health, addressing both sanitation and public health
- Land reforms
- Development of the productive resources of each locality
- Infrastructure development like electricity, irrigation, credit, marketing, transport facilities including construction of village roads and feeder roads to nearby highways, facilities for agriculture research and extension, and information dissemination
- Special measures for alleviation of poverty and bringing about significant improvement in the living conditions of the weaker sections of the population emphasising access to productive employment opportunities.

Credit and Marketing in Rural Areas

Credit
Growth of rural economy depends primarily on infusion of capital, from time to time, to realise higher productivity in agriculture and non-agriculture sectors.
At the time of independence, moneylenders and traders exploited small and marginal farmers and landless labourers by lending to them on high interest rates and by manipulating the accounts to keep them in a debt-trap.
A major change occurred after 1969 when India adopted social banking and multiagency approach to adequately meet the needs of rural credit.
Later, the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) was set up in 1982 as an apex body to coordinate the activities of all institutions involved in the rural financing system.
The institutional structure of rural banking today consists of a set of multi-agency institutions, namely, commercial banks, regional rural banks (RRBs), cooperatives and land development banks
Recently, Self-Help Groups (henceforth SHGs) have emerged to fill the gap in the formal credit system because the formal credit delivery mechanism has not only proven inadequate but has also not been fully integrated into the overall rural social and community development.

Agricultural Market System

Agricultural marketing is a process that involves the assembling, storage, processing, transportation, packaging, grading and distribution of different agricultural commodities across the country.
Prior to independence, farmers, while selling their produce to traders, suffered from faulty weighing and manipulation of accounts.
Four such measures that were initiated to improve the marketing aspect.
- The first step was regulation of markets to create orderly and transparent marketing conditions.
- Second component is provision of physical infrastructure facilities like roads, railways, warehouses,godowns, cold storages and processing units.
- The current infrastructure facilities are quite inadequate to meet the growing demand and need to be improved. Cooperative marketing, in realising fair prices for farmers’ products, is the third aspect of government initiative.
- The fourth element is the policy instruments like
I. Assurance of minimum support prices (MSP) for agricultural products
II. Maintenance of buffer stocks of wheat and rice by Food Corporation of India.
III. Distribution of food grains and sugar through PDS.

Sustainable Development and Organic Farming

In recent years, awareness of the harmful effect of chemical-based fertilisers and pesticides on our health is on a rise.
Conventional agriculture relies heavily on chemical fertilisers and toxic pesticides etc., which enter the food supply, penetrate the water sources, harm the livestock, deplete the soil and devastate natural eco-systems

Benefits of Organic Farming: -
Organic agriculture offers a means to substitute costlier agricultural inputs (such as HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc.) with locally produced organic inputs that are cheaper and thereby generate good returns on investment.
Organic agriculture also generates income through exports as the demand for organically grown crops is on a rise.

Conclusion

It is clear that until and unless some spectacular changes occur, the rural sector might continue to remain backward.
There is a greater need today to make rural areas more vibrant through diversification into dairying, poultry, fisheries, vegetables and fruits and linking up the rural production centres with the urban and foreign (export) markets to realise higher returns on the investments for the products.
Moreover, infrastructure elements like credit and marketing, farmer friendly agricultural policies and a constant appraisal and dialogue between farmers’ groups and state agricultural departments are essential to realise the full potential of the sector.
Today we cannot look at the environment and rural development as two distinct subjects. There is need to invent or procure alternate sets of eco-friendly technologies that lead to sustainable development in different circumstances.

Indian Economic Development Chapter 03 Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation: An Appraisal
CBSE Class 11 Economics Economic Reforms Since 1991 Hindi Notes
CBSE Class 11 Economics Economic Reforms Since 1991 Notes
Indian Economic Development Chapter 04 Poverty
CBSE Class 11 Economics Poverty Hindi Notes
Indian Economic Development Chapter 07 Employment Growth Informalisation and Other Issues
CBSE Class 11 Economics Employment Notes
Indian Economic Development Chapter 08 Infrastructure
CBSE Class 11 Economics Infrastructure Notes
Statistics for Economics Chapter 01 Introduction
CBSE Class 11 Economics Introduction Hindi Notes
Statistics for Economics Chapter 02 Collection of Data
CBSE Class 11 Economics Collection Of Data Hindi Notes
Statistics for Economics Chapter 03 Organisation of Data
CBSE Class 11 Economics Organization Of Data Hindi Notes

More Study Material

CBSE Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development Notes

We hope you liked the above notes for topic Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development which has been designed as per the latest syllabus for Class 11 Economics released by CBSE. Students of Class 11 should download and practice the above notes for Class 11 Economics regularly. All revision notes have been designed for Economics by referring to the most important topics which the students should learn to get better marks in examinations. Studiestoday is the best website for Class 11 students to download all latest study material.

Notes for Economics CBSE Class 11 Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development

Our team of expert teachers have referred to the NCERT book for Class 11 Economics to design the Economics Class 11 notes. If you read the concepts and revision notes for one chapter daily, students will get higher marks in Class 11 exams this year. Daily revision of Economics course notes and related study material will help you to have a better understanding of all concepts and also clear all your doubts. You can download all Revision notes for Class 11 Economics also from www.studiestoday.com absolutely free of cost in Pdf format. After reading the notes which have been developed as per the latest books also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Economics provided by our teachers

Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development Notes for Economics CBSE Class 11

All revision class notes given above for Class 11 Economics have been developed as per the latest curriculum and books issued for the current academic year. The students of Class 11 can rest assured that the best teachers have designed the notes of Economics so that you are able to revise the entire syllabus if you download and read them carefully. We have also provided a lot of MCQ questions for Class 11 Economics in the notes so that you can learn the concepts and also solve questions relating to the topics. All study material for Class 11 Economics students have been given on studiestoday.

Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development CBSE Class 11 Economics Notes

Regular notes reading helps to build a more comprehensive understanding of Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development concepts. notes play a crucial role in understanding Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development in CBSE Class 11. Students can download all the notes, worksheets, assignments, and practice papers of the same chapter in Class 11 Economics in Pdf format. You can print them or read them online on your computer or mobile.

Notes for CBSE Economics Class 11 Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development

CBSE Class 11 Economics latest books have been used for writing the above notes. If you have exams then you should revise all concepts relating to Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development by taking out a print and keeping them with you. We have also provided a lot of Worksheets for Class 11 Economics which you can use to further make yourself stronger in Economics

Where can I download latest CBSE Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development notes

You can download notes for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development for latest academic session from StudiesToday.com

Can I download the Notes for Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development Class 11 Economics in Pdf format

Yes, you can click on the link above and download notes PDFs for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development which you can use for daily revision

Are the revision notes available for Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development Class 11 Economics for the latest CBSE academic session

Yes, the notes issued for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development have been made available here for latest CBSE session

How can I download the Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development Class 11 Economics Notes pdf

You can easily access the link above and download the Class 11 Notes for Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development for each topic in Pdf

Is there any charge for the Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development notes

There is no charge for the notes for CBSE Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development, you can download everything free of charge

Which is the best online platform to find notes for Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development Class 11 Economics

www.studiestoday.com is the best website from which you can download latest notes for Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development Economics Class 11

Where can I find topic-wise notes for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development

Come to StudiesToday.com to get best quality topic wise notes for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development

Can I get latest Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development Class 11 Economics revision notes as per CBSE syllabus

We have provided all notes for each topic of Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 Rural Development as per latest CBSE syllabus