CBSE Class 9 Science Diversity in Living Organisms assignment

 

Question : Name the branch of the biology that deals with the classification.

Question :   Who was the first to propose the two-kingdom system of classification?

Question :   Who proposed three-kingdom classification?

Question :   What is meant by triploblastic?

Question :   What is haemocoel ?

Question :   Name the person who has given the five-kingdom classification.

Question :   Which is the largest phylum of animal kingdom?

Question :   What is the function of canal system in sponges?

Question :   What are Gymnosperms?

Question :   What is the purpose of classification?

Question :   What do you mean by evolution?

Question :   What are the bases due to which plants and animals are classified as different categories?

Question : What are the four main characteristics of chordates?

Question :   Draw the hierarchy of the classification?

Question :   Give the names of different groups of Plant Kingdom.

Question :   Differentiate between Poriferans and Coelentrates.

Question :   Give two exampes of Bryophytes and Pteridophytes.

Question :   Define advantage of using scientific name instead of common name?

Question :   Define the main characteristics of Vertebrates.

Question :   Bat can fly still it is placed in mammals. Why?

Question :   Why thallophytes, bryophytes and pteridophytes are called ‗cryptogams‘?

Question :   Show the diagrammatic representation of five-kingdom classification.

Question :   Draw a flowchart to depict classification of Kingdom Plantae.

Question :   a) Identify four features possessed by all Chordates.

       b) In which class would you place any organism which has:

       i. a scaly exoskeleton and a bony endoskeleton.

       ii. a scaly exoskeleton and lay eggs outside water.

Question :   Give one point of difference between: i) Bilateral and radial symmetry ii) Notochord and nerve cord

Question : (a) Name the locomotary organs of echinoderms.  

        (b) Distinguish between- 1. Tapeworm and earthworm 2. Mite and termite

Question : Point out differences between the following:

       (a) Bony and cartilaginous fishes.

       (b) Bilateral and radial symmetry.

       (c) Notochord and nerve chord.

Exam Questions NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Diversity In Living Organisms

Question : Write the general characteristics of kingdom – fungi.
Answer :
(1) The fungi are the unique heterotrophic organisms either saprophytic or parasitic or symbiotic.
(2) The fungi are cosmopolitan in distribution and occur in air, water, soil and on plants and animals.
(3) They are unicellular (yeast) or multicellular, eukaryotic organisms.
(4) Fungi are filamentous and the body consisting of long, slender thread-like structures called hyphae, may be coenocytes hyphane or septate hyphore.
(5) The network of hyphae in fungi is called mycelium.
(6) The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin and polysaccharides.
(7) Reproduction in fungi can take place by three methods :
(a) Vegetative
(b) Asexual
(c) Sexual reproduction.

Question : What is the basis for classification of organisms?
Answer :  The basis for classification are :
(a) Presence or absence of nucleus.
(b) Organisms are unicellular, or multicellular.
(c) Autotrophic mode of nutrition or heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
(d) Of the organisms that perform photosynthesis (plants), their level, or organisation of the body.
(e) Of the animals, how does the individuals body develop and organise its different parts.

Question : A group of students had gone for educational trip clicked photographs of endangered plants. These photographs were used by the school laboratory to study these plants.
(i) Name two endangered plants.
(ii) Name any one medicinal plant and give its medicinal use.
Answer :
(i) Two endangered plants are Euphrasia and Ubnus rubra.
(ii) Aloe-vera : Juice of Aloe-vera is used in case of indigestion, treating skin infection, etc.

Question : Mention the main criteria of R.H. Whittaker’s classification.
Answer :  (1) Cell structure;
(2) Thallus organization;
(3) Mode of nutrition;
(4) Reproduction;
(5) Phlogenetic relationships were considered by Whittaker.

Question : Name the phylum of the following organisms, whose exclusive characteristics is given below :
(a) Hollow bones
(b) Jointed appendages
(c) Flatworm
(d) Round worms, parasitic
(e) Soft body, muscular marine animal
(f) Radially symmetrical, spiny skin.
Answer :  (a) Phylum chordata, subphylum—vertebrata,

Question : Give the characteristic features of Echinodermata.
Answer :  (a) Spikes present on skin.
(b) Free living, marine animals.
(c) Triploblastic and have a coelomic cavity.
(d) Have a peculiar water driven tube system used for moving around.
(e) Have hard calcium carbonate structure that is used as a skeleton.
Examples : Starfish, sea-urchin.

Question : Give specific characteristics of Coelenterate.
Answer :
(a) Water living animals.
(b) Body is made of two layers of cells.
(c) Some of them live in colonies (corals), while others have solitary life-span (Hydra).
(d) Body cavity present.
(e) Radially symmetrical.

Question : Name the phylum of the following animals :
(a) Tapeworm
(b) Starfish
(c) Jellyfish
(d) Octopus
Answer :
(a) Tapeworm — Platyhelminthes
(b) Starfish — Echinodermata
(c) Jellyfish — Coelenterata
(d) Octopus — Mollusca

Question : Name the 5 kingdoms of living organisms.
Answer :
1. Monera;
2. Protista;
3. Fungi, mycota;
4. Plantae; Metaphyto;
5. Animalia Metazoa.

Question : Name the kingdom which includes eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms.
Answer :  Kingdom Mycota (Fungi).

Question : Name unicellular fungi.
Answer :  Yeast.

Question : Who proposed the classification of organisms into 5 kingdoms?
Answer :  Robert H. Whittaker proposed the classification of organisms into 5 kingdoms in 1959.

Question : Name the appendages used for movement by organism belonging to Protista kingdom.
Answer :  (a) Paramecium – Cilia
(b) Euglena – Flagella
(c) Amoeba – Pseudopodia

Question : Give simple classification of plant kingdom.
Answer :  Kingdom plantae is divided in following divisions :
(a) Thallophyta
(b) Bryophyta
(c) Pteridophyta
(d) Phanerogams
(i) Gymnosperm
(ii) Angiosperm – (1) Monocots (2) Dicots

Question : Who proposed the two kingdom classification?
Answer :  Carolus Linnaeus proposed the two kingdom classification.

Question : What is lichen?
Answer :  Lichen is the symbiotic association of fungi and bluegreen algae. 

Question : Why do we classify organisms? 

Answer :  There are millions of organisms on this earth. So, it is harder to study them one by one. Therefore, we look for similarities among them and classify them into different classes to study these different classes as a whole. Classification makes our study easier. 

 

Question : Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in lifeforms around you. 

Answer : Examples of range of variations observed in daily life are: 

→ Organisms vary greatly in size-from microscopic bacteria to elephants, whales and large trees. 

→ The colour of various animals is quite different. Some worms are even colourless or transparent. Various types of pigments are found in plants. 

→ The life span of different organisms is also quite varied. For example, a crow lives for only 15 years, whereas a parrot lives for about 140 years. 

 

Question : Which do you think is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms? 

(a) The place where they live. 

(b) The kind of cells they are made of. Why? 

Answer :  The more basic characteristic for classifying organisms is the kind of cells they are made of because different organisms may share same habitat but may have entirely different form and structure. So, the place where they live cannot be a basis of classification. 

Question : What is the primary characteristic on which the first division of organisms is made? 

Answer :  The primary characteristic on which the first division of organisms is made is the nature of the cell – prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. 

 

Question : On what basis are plants and animals put into different categories? 

Answer : Plants and animals are put into different categories on the basis of Mode of nutrition.Plants are autotrophs. They can make their food own while animas are heterotrophs which are dependent on others for food. Also, locomotion, absence of chloroplasts etc. make them different. 

 

Question : Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from the so-called advanced organisms?
Answer :  A primitive organism is the one which has a simple body structure and ancient body design or features that have not changed much over a period of time.As per the body design, the primitve organisms which hav simple structures are different from those so-called advanced organisms which have complex body structure and organization. 

 

Question : Will advanced organisms be the same as complex organisms? Why?
Answer :  Yes, because the advanced organisms also were like the primitive ones once. They have acquired their complexity relatively recently. There is a possibility that these advanced or 'younger' organisms acquire more complex structures during evolutionary time to compete and survive in the changing environment. 

 

Question : What is the criterion for classification of organisms as belonging to kingdom Monera or Protista? 

Answer : The organisms belonging to Kingdom Monera are unicellular and prokaryotic whereas the organisms belonging to Kingdom Protista are unicellular and eukaryotic. 

 

Question : In which kingdom will you place an organism which is single-celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic? 

Answer : Kingdom Protista 

Question : In the hierarchy of classification, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms with a maximum of characteristics in common and which will have the largest number of organisms? 

Answer :  In the hierarchy of classification,a species will have the smallest number of organisms with a maximum of characteristics in common, whereas the kingdom will have the largest number of organisms. 

 

Answer : Division Thallophyta

 

 

Question : How do annelid animals differ from arthropods? 

 

Question : What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles? 

Question : What are the differences between animals belonging to the Aves group and those in the mammalia group? 

Excercise 

Question : What are the advantages of classifying organisms? 

Answer : Following are the advantages of classifying organisms: 

→ It makes us aware of and gives us information regarding the diversity of plants and animals. 

→ It makes the study of different kinds of organisms much easier. 

→ It tells us about the inter-relationship among the various organisms. 

→ It helps us understanding the evolution of organisms. 

→ It helps in the development of other life sciences easy. 

→ It helps environmentalists to develop new methods of conservation of plants and animals. 

 

Question : How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification? 

Answer : We choose that characteristics which depends on the first characteristics and determines the rest variety. 

 

Question : Explain the basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms. 

Answer :  The basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms are: 

→ Complexity of cell structure - There are two broad categories of cell structure: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic. Thus, two broad groups can be formed, one having prokaryotic cell structure and the other having eukaryotic cell structure. Presence or absence of cell wall is another important characteristic. 

→ Unicellular and multicellular organisms - This characteristic makes a very basic distinction in the body designs of organisms and helps in their broad categorizations. 

→ Cell Wall: Presence and absence of cell wall leads into grouping. 

→ Mode of nutrition -Organisms basically have two types of nutritions - autotrophic who can manufacture their own food and heterotrophic who obtain their food from external environment, i.e., from other organisms). Thus, organisms can be broadly classified into different groups on the basis of their mode of nutrition.

 

Question : What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions? 

Answer :  The major divisions in Kingdom Plantae are: 

→Thallophyta 

→ Bryophyta 

→ Pteridophyta 

→ Gymnosperms 

→ Angiosperms 

The following points constitute the basis of these divisions: 

→ Whether the plant body has well differentiated, distinct components. 

→ whether the differentiated plant body has special tissues for the transport of water and other substances. 

→ The ability to bear seeds. 

→ Whether the seeds are enclosed within fruits.

 

Answer :  The characteristics used to classify plants is different from animals because the basic design are different, based on the need to make their own food (plants) or acquire food (animals).

Criteria for deciding divisions in plants are:

→ Differentiated/ Undifferentiated plant body

→ Presence/ absence of vascular tissues

→With/without seeds

→ Naked seeds/ seeds inside fruits 

But the animals can't be divided into groups on these criteria. It is because the basic designs of animals are very different from plants. They are divided on the basis of their body structure.

 

Answer :  Animals in Vertebrata are classified into five classes:

(i) Class Pisces: This class includes fish such as Scoliodon, tuna, rohu, shark, etc. These animals mostly live in water. Hence, they have special adaptive features such as a streamlined body, presence of a tail for movement, gills, etc. to live in water. 

(ii) Class Amphibia: It includes frogs, toads, and salamanders. These animals have a dual mode of life. In the larval stage, the respiratory organs are gills, but in the adult stage, respiration occurs through the lungs or skin. They lay eggs in water.

(iii) Class Reptilia: It includes reptiles such as lizards, snakes, turtles, etc.

They usually creep or crawl on land. The body of a reptile is covered with dry and cornified skin to prevent water loss. They lay eggs on land. 

(iv) Class Aves: It includes all birds such as sparrow, pigeon, crow, etc.

Most of them have feathers. Their forelimbs are modified into wings for flight, while hind limbs are modified for walking and clasping. They lay eggs.

(v) Class Mammalia: It includes a variety of animals which have milk producing glands to nourish their young ones. Some lay eggs and some give birth to young ones. Their skin has hair as well as sweat glands to regulate their body temperature.