CBSE Class 7 Mathematics Mental Maths Analogy Assignment

Analogy

Analogy means similarity, i.e. having similar features. In questions based on analogy, a particular relationship between words/letters/numbers is given. Another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided.

To understand analogical relationship, let us consider following example.

e.g. 'College' is related to 'Students' in the same way as 'Hospital' is related to 'Patients'.

In the 'College', Education is given to 'Students'. In the same way, treatment is given to the 'Patient' in the 'Hospital'.

Analogy may be broadly divided into the following types:

• 1. Word Analogy
• 2. Number Analogy
• 3. Alphabet Analogy

1. Word Analogy

In this type of analogy, two words are given which are related to each other in a particular manner. Other word is also given followed by four alternatives. Firstly, the candidate is required to identify the relationship between the first two words. Then, the candidate is required to pick that word from the alternatives which bears exactly the same relationship to the third word, as the first two bears.

Here, some relationships are given, which are useful for solving questions based on analogy.

Country, Capital and Currency Relationships

Occupation, Working Place and Working Relationships

Animal and Sound Relationships

States of India and Capital Relationships

The relationship in word Analogy can also be of the following types:

• Antonyms and Synonyms
• Quantity and unit
• Measurement and Instrument
• Worker and tool relationship
• Individual and its dwelling

Question. Complete the second pair by choosing the appropriate alternative. Madhya Pradesh : Bhopal : : Maharashtra : ?
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Mumbai
(c) Chandigarh
(d) Kolkata
Answer: (b) Mumbai
Solution: As, 'Bhopal' is the capital of 'Madhya Pradesh'. Similarly, 'Mumbai' is the capital of 'Maharashtra.'

2. Number Analogy

In this type of analogy, numbers are given in a pair or group. The candidate has to find the relationship between the numbers or group of numbers. Then, he has to complete the incomplete pair by choosing the correct number from the given alternatives.

The relationship in number analogy can be of following types:

• Even and odd numbers
• Multiplication and division of numbers
• Addition and subtraction of numbers
• Square roots of numbers

Question. Complete the second pair by choosing the appropriate alternative. 2 : 4 : : 3 : ?
(a) 20
(b) 21
(c) 24
(d) 9
Answer: (d) 9
Solution: Second number is the square of first number. i.e., \( 2^2 = 2 \times 2 = 4 \) and \( 3^2 = 3 \times 3 = 9 \).

3. Alphabet Analogy

In this type of analogy, there is a relationship between the alphabets or group of alphabets. The candidate has to complete the incomplete pair by choosing the correct letter or group of letters from the given alternatives. The candidate has to remember the position of letters in English alphabetical order to find out the required relationship.

The relationships between the letters can be of following types:

• Vowels or consonants
• Increasing/decreasing position of letters
• Reverse order of position of letters

Here, following table is showing letters’ position in English alphabetical series.

Question. Complete the second pair by choosing the appropriate alternative. CM : DN : : TF : ?
(a) SH
(b) RT
(c) UG
(d) WG
Answer: (c) UG
Solution: As,
\( C \xrightarrow{+1} D \) and \( M \xrightarrow{+1} N \).
Similarly,
\( T \xrightarrow{+1} U \) and \( F \xrightarrow{+1} G \).

Question. Complete the second pair by choosing the appropriate alternative. E : 5 : : J : ?
(a) 15
(b) 10
(c) 12
(d) 20
Answer: (b) 10
Solution: The positional value of E in English alphabetical order is 5. Similarly, the positional value of J is 10.

Multiple Choice Type Question

Question. 'Dhaka' is related to 'Bangladesh', in the same way as 'Tokyo' is related to ......
(a) UK
(b) Afghanistan
(c) France
(d) Japan
Answer: (d) Japan
Solution: As 'Dhaka' is the capital of 'Bangladesh'. Similarly, 'Tokyo' is the capital of 'Japan'.

Question. 'Smell' is to 'Flower', in the same way as 'Taste' is to ......
(a) Tongue
(b) Water
(c) Sweet
(d) Food
Answer: (d) Food
Solution: As, we can smell the flower similarly, we can taste the food.

Question. 'Tree' is related to 'Forest', in the same way as 'Grass' is related to ......
(a) Lawn
(b) Garden
(c) Park
(d) Field
Answer: (a) Lawn
Solution: As 'Forest' is made up of 'Trees'. Similarly, 'Lawn' is made up of 'Grass'.

Question. 'Doctor' is related to 'Patient', in the same way as 'Lawyer' is related to ......
(a) Customer
(b) Criminal
(c) Magistrate
(d) Client
Answer: (d) Client
Solution: 'Doctor' deals with 'Patient'. Similarly, 'Lawyer' deals with 'Client'.

Question. 'Konkani' is related to 'Goa', in the same way as 'Dogri' is related to ......
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Odisha
(c) Jammu and Kashmir
(d) Gujarat
Answer: (c) Jammu and Kashmir
Solution: 'Konkani' is the language of 'Goa'. Similarly, 'Dogri' is the language of 'Jammu and Kashmir'.

Question. Court : Justice : : School : ?
(a) Teacher
(b) Student
(c) Education
(d) Principle
Answer: (c) Education
Solution: As, 'Justice' is provided in the 'Court'. In the same way, 'Education' is provided in the 'School'.

Question. Hot : Oven : : Cold : ?
(a) Ice cream
(b) Air conditioner
(c) Snow
(d) Refrigerator
Answer: (d) Refrigerator
Solution: As, 'Oven' is used to make anything 'Hot'. In the same way, 'Refrigerator' is used to make anything 'Cold'.

Question. Newspaper : Editor : : Film : ?
(a) Actor
(b) Producer
(c) Director
(d) Story writer
Answer: (c) Director
Solution: As, 'Newspaper' is directed by the 'Editor'. Similarly, 'Film' is directed by the 'Director'.

Question. Cobbler : Shoe : : Carpenter : ?
(a) Wood
(b) Furniture
(c) Iron
(d) Gold
Answer: (b) Furniture
Solution: As, 'Cobbler' works on 'Shoe'. Similarly, 'Carpenter' works on 'Furniture'.

Question. Pleasure : Sorrow : : Right : ?
(a) Wrong
(b) Wonderful
(c) Happy
(d) Sure
Answer: (a) Wrong
Solution: As, 'Pleasure' is opposite of 'Sorrow'. In the same way, 'Right' is opposite of 'Wrong'.

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 11-14) In each of the following questions, choose the number which will replace the question mark(?).
1, 2, 4, 7 : 3, 4, 6, 9 : : ? : 2, 3, 5, 8
(a) 0, 1, 3, 6
(b) 2, 4, 5, 8
(c) 1, 3, 4, 7
(d) 3, 5, 6, 8
Answer: (a) 0, 1, 3, 6
Solution: As,
\( 1 \xrightarrow{+2} 3 \), \( 2 \xrightarrow{+2} 4 \), \( 4 \xrightarrow{+2} 6 \), \( 7 \xrightarrow{+2} 9 \).
Similarly,
\( 0 \xrightarrow{+2} 2 \), \( 1 \xrightarrow{+2} 3 \), \( 3 \xrightarrow{+2} 5 \), \( 6 \xrightarrow{+2} 8 \).

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 11-14) In each of the following questions, choose the number which will replace the question mark(?).
63 : 21 : : 27 : ?
(a) 6
(b) 9
(c) 1
(d) 3
Answer: (b) 9
Solution: As, \( 63 \div 3 = 21 \). Similarly, \( 27 \div 3 = 9 \).

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 11-14) In each of the following questions, choose the number which will replace the question mark(?).
100 : 121 : : 144 : ?
(a) 160
(b) 93
(c) 169
(d) 426
Answer: (c) 169
Solution: As, \( 100 = 10 \times 10 \) and \( 121 = 11 \times 11 \).
\( 144 = 12 \times 12 \).
Similarly, \( 169 = 13 \times 13 \).

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 11-14) In each of the following questions, choose the number which will replace the question mark(?).
5 : 125 : : 6 : ?
(a) 225
(b) 216
(c) 400
(d) 30
Answer: (b) 216
Solution: As, \( 5 \times 5 \times 5 = 125 \). Similarly, \( 6 \times 6 \times 6 = 216 \).

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 15-20) In each of the following questions, choose the letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
AFHO : CHFM : : GBDJ : ?
(a) GBIM
(b) GBLD
(c) GPLD
(d) IDBH
Answer: (d) IDBH
Solution: As,
\( A \xrightarrow{+2} C \), \( F \xrightarrow{+2} H \), \( H \xrightarrow{-2} F \), \( O \xrightarrow{-2} M \).
Similarly,
\( G \xrightarrow{+2} I \), \( B \xrightarrow{+2} D \), \( D \xrightarrow{-2} B \), \( J \xrightarrow{-2} H \).

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 15-20) In each of the following questions, choose the letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
QTU : ILM : : JMN : ?
(a) PSZ
(b) BEF
(c) WZA
(d) UXB
Answer: (b) BEF
Solution: As,
\( Q \xrightarrow{-8} I \), \( T \xrightarrow{-8} L \), \( U \xrightarrow{-8} M \).
Similarly,
\( J \xrightarrow{-8} B \), \( M \xrightarrow{-8} E \), \( N \xrightarrow{-8} F \).

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 15-20) In each of the following questions, choose the letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
RmpL : LpmR : : AcdG : ?
(a) PQnw
(b) GdCA
(c) GcAd
(d) GcdA
Answer: (b) GdCA
Solution: As, the positions of first and last letters are swapped, and the middle two letters are swapped.
Thus,
\( \text{RmpL} \)
\( \implies \text{LpmR} \).
Similarly,
\( \text{AcdG} \)
\( \implies \text{GdcA} \).

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 15-20) In each of the following questions, choose the letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
LLm : mLL : : TTs : ?
(a) sTL
(b) STT
(c) Tts
(d) stT
Answer: (d) stT
Solution: As, the last letter moves to the front, and the capitalization pattern of the original is reversed/shifted:
\( \text{LLm} \)
\( \implies \text{mLL} \).
Similarly,
\( \text{TTs} \)
\( \implies \text{stT} \) (with lower case).

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 15-20) In each of the following questions, choose the letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
EGIK : LJHF : : SUWY : ?
(a) ZXVT
(b) TVXZ
(c) LNPR
(d) MOQS
Answer: (a) ZXVT
Solution: As,
\( E \xrightarrow{+1} F \), \( G \xrightarrow{+1} H \), \( I \xrightarrow{+1} J \), \( K \xrightarrow{+1} L \), and the result is written in reverse as LJHF.
Similarly,
\( S \xrightarrow{+1} T \), \( U \xrightarrow{+1} V \), \( W \xrightarrow{+1} X \), \( Y \xrightarrow{+1} Z \), and the result is written in reverse as ZXVT.

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 15-20) In each of the following questions, choose the letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
F : 216 : : L : ?
(a) 1728
(b) 1700
(c) 1600
(d) 1723
Answer: (a) 1728
Solution: As, the positional value of F is 6, and \( 6 \times 6 \times 6 = 216 \).
Similarly, the positional value of L is 12, and \( 12 \times 12 \times 12 = 1728 \).

Try Yourself

Question. 'Retirement' is related to 'Service' in the same way as 'Dismissal' is related to ......
(a) Agreement
(b) Communication
(c) Employment
(d) Adoption
Answer: (c) Employment

Question. 'Court' is related to 'Lawyer', in the same way as 'Hospital' is related to ......
(a) Patient
(b) Medicine
(c) Nurse
(d) Bed
Answer: (c) Nurse

Question. 'Scissors' is related to 'Cloth', in the same way as 'Axe' is related to ......
(a) Wood
(b) Steel
(c) Grass
(d) Paper
Answer: (a) Wood

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 4-10) In each of the following questions, choose the/word/number/letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
Illiteracy : Education : : Flood : ?
(a) Rain
(b) Bridge
(c) Dam
(d) River
Answer: (c) Dam

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 4-10) In each of the following questions, choose the/word/number/letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
Cub : Lion : : Puppy : ?
(a) Doe
(b) Stag
(c) Leopard
(d) Dog
Answer: (d) Dog

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 4-10) In each of the following questions, choose the/word/number/letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
11 : 99 : : 10 : ?
(a) 90
(b) 80
(c) 70
(d) 50
Answer: (a) 90

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 4-10) In each of the following questions, choose the/word/number/letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
6 : 36 : : 13 : ?
(a) 196
(b) 169
(c) 144
(d) 100
Answer: (b) 169

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 4-10) In each of the following questions, choose the/word/number/letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
Dda : aDD : : Rrb : ?
(a) BBr
(b) bRR
(c) RRR
(d) BrR
Answer: (b) bRR

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 4-10) In each of the following questions, choose the/word/number/letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
AG : IO : : EK : ?
(a) LR
(b) MS
(c) PV
(d) SY
Answer: (b) MS

Question. Directions (Q. Nos. 4-10) In each of the following questions, choose the/word/number/letters' group which will replace the question mark(?).
FILM : ADGH : : MILK : ?
(a) ADGF
(b) HDGE
(c) HDGF
(d) HEGF
Answer: (c) HDGF

• Analogy can be explained as a similarity between things in some respects that are otherwise dissimilar.

• It can be regarded as comparison made between two or more things in order to show their similarity.

• It can also be explained as a similarity between like features of two things (which are otherwise unlike) on which a comparison may be based.

• So, it can be deduced that Analogy is a form of reasoning in which one thing is inferred to be similar to another thing in a certain respect, on the basis of known similarities.

Illustration:

1. Dog : Rabies :: Mosquito : Malaria

Explanation: Second word is the disease caused by the bite of first word.

2. Moon : Satellite :: Earth : Planet

Explanation: First word belongs to the category of second word.

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