NEET Biology Neural Control and Coordination Notes

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Study Material for NEET Biology Neural Control and Coordination

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NEET Biology Neural Control and Coordination

 

• Nervous tissue is Ectodermal in origin.
 Protozoans and Porifers do not have nervous tissue.
 Nervous tissue fi rst evolved in the members of phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria). The nerve cells in this group are non-polarized (i.e., the dendrites and axons are not differentiated).
 In non-chordates the nerve cord is ventral and solid.
 
•  In chordates the nerve cord (spinal cord) is dorsal and tubular (hollow).
 Neuron (nerve cell) is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
 A multi-polar neuron has at least two dendrites (For detailed structure of Neuron, please refer Chapter 7, Animal Tissues).
 
CONDUCTION OF NERVE IMPULSE
 
Impulse – It is a wave of depolarization
The conduction of nerve impulse is an ‘electrochemical phenomenon’. It can be studied in two parts.
(1) Conduction through axon
(2) Conduction through synapse
 
Conduction through axon
 
 Axon-membrane, called axolemma, contains voltage gates for sodium and potassium ions.
In myelinated fi bres (having Myelin sheath) these voltage gates are present only at the nodes while in non-myelinated fi bres, such gates are distributed all along the axon-membrane.
 The Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) pump channels are also distributed similarly in the axolemma. For the expense of 1- ATP, 3-Na+ move out into the extra cellular fl uid (ECF) and 2-K+ move into the intra cellular fl uid (ICF).
• Sodium ions (Na+) are maximum in ECF (~150 m. mol/Lit. or 10 times of Na+ in ICF), while K+ are maximum in ICF (~150 m.mol/Lit. or 30 times of K+ in ECF).
 Axolemma is little permeable for K+ but almost impermeable for Na+.
 
 
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NEET NEET Biology Neural Control and Coordination Study Material

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