NEET Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes Notes

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Study Material for NEET Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes

NEET Biology students should refer to the following Pdf for Biotechnology Principles and Processes in NEET. These notes and test paper with questions and answers for NEET Biology will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

NEET Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes

 

• Biotechnology is the application of techniques using live organism to get desired product of human welfare. It includes recombinant DNA, gene cloning, gene therapy.
• “Fermentation” by some microorganisms is the oldest biotechnological process. By biotechnology a wide range of products like yoghurt (curd), cheese and butter from milk, vinegar from molasses, antibiotics like penicillin extracted from certain fungi. Organic acids (acetic acids, lactic acids, citric acids), food items (bread, dosa, idli), alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, whisky), etc are obtained. It are often included in old biotechnology, which are processes that are based on the natural capabilities of microorganisms.
• Modern biotechnology using genetically modifi ed organisms was made possible only when man learnt to alter the chemistry of DNA and construct recombinant DNA. This key process is called recombinant DNA technology.
• Biotechnology is a integrated branch of biology which involves biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, cell and molecular biology, immunology, environmental sciences and engineering sciences.
• Examples of biotechnological applications are GMO (Genetically modifi ed organisms), IVF (in vitro fertilization), Test tube babies, DNA vaccines and gene therapy etc.
• 2 main techniques which are used in biotechnology are
(i) Genetic engineering.
(ii) Biochemical engineering processes which help in the growth of desired microbe/ eukaryote cell in large quantities in a sterile medium by using tissue culture technique.
It produce products in bulk like antibiotics, vaccines and enzymes.
 
• Genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes by man in vitro. Genetic engineering refers to artifi cial synthesis, isolation, modifi cation, combination, addition and repair of the genetic material (DNA) to alter the phenotype of the host organism to suit human needs.
•  Three techniques of genetic engineering are:
(i) rDNA (recombinant DNA technology)
(ii) Gene cloning/gene amplifi cation
(iii) Gene therapy
 
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
 
• rDNA technology is hybridization of DNA from different sources to achieve desired genotype and phenotype in an organism.
• r-DNA technology is based on two important discoveries in bacteria.
(i) Presence of plasmids in bacteria which can undergo replication alongwith and independent of chromosomal DNA.
(ii) Restriction endonucleases which can break DNA at specific sites. They are appropriately called molecular scissors or biological scissors.
 
Tools of rDNA technology
 
1. Enzymes
2. Cloning Vector
3. Competent host
1. Enzymes
• Different kinds of enzymes are used in genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology).
• Cleaving Enzymes : These enzymes are used to break DNA molecules. They are of three types – exonucleases, endonucleases and restriction endonucleases.
 
NEET Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes Notes
 
 
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NEET NEET Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes Study Material

We hope students liked the above Study Material for Biotechnology Principles and Processes designed as per the latest syllabus for NEET Biology released by NEET. Students of NEET should download the Study Material in Pdf format, read the notes and related questions and solutions given in above NEET Biology Study Material on daily basis. All latest Study Material have been developed for Biology by referring to the most important and regularly asked topics which the students should learn and practice to get better score in school tests and examinations. Expert teachers of studiestoday have referred to NCERT book for NEET Biology to develop the Biology NEET Study Material. After solving the questions given in the Study Material which have been developed as per latest course books also refer to the NCERT solutions for NEET Biology designed by our teachers. Also download NEET Biology Sample Papers given on studiestoday. After solving these you should also refer to NEET Biology MCQ Test for the same chapter.

 

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