CBSE Class 12 History Mahatma Gandhi And The Nationalist Movement MCQs

SUMMARY

This chapter analyses Gandhiji’s activities in India during the crucial period 1915-1948.It explores his interactions with different sections of the Indian society and the popular struggle that he inspired and led.It introduces different kinds of sources that historians use in reconstructing the career of a leader and of the social movements that he was associated with.

Key Concepts.
Moderates:-Those who preferred a more gradual and persuasive approach.
Radicals:-Those who prefer quick response and changes.
Extremists:-Those who preferred violent methods.'

Mahatma Gandhi and Major Events

Mahatma Gandhi is the most influential and revered of all the leaders who participated in the freedom struggle of India.
In January 1915, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returned to India after spending two decades in South Africa.
- It was in South Africa he first focused the distinctive techniques of non-violent protest known as Satyagraha and Promoted harmony between religions.
-On Gokhale’s advice he spent one year traveling around British India to know the land and its peoples.
-His first major public appearance was at the opening of the Banaras Hindu University in February 1916.
- Here in his speech Gandhiji Charged the Indian elite with a lack of concern for the labouring poor .
- He successfully organized Satyagraha at Champaran (Bihar in 1917); Ahmedabad and Kheda in 1918.
- In 1919 Gandhiji called for a century wide campaign against the “Rowlatt Act”. It was the Rowlatt Satyagraha that made Gandhiji a truly national leader.
- In 1920 After Jalianwala Bagh Massacre he called for a campaign of non cooperation with British Rule and joined hands with the Khilafat movement.
-The British Raj was shaken to its foundations for the first time since the Revolt of 1857.
- Non-cooperation movement was suspended in 1922 after Chauri-Chaura incident.
- Causes of Gandhiji’s popularity among Indians-he dressed like them lived like them and speak their language.
- Mahatma Gandhi was released from prison in February 1924 devoted himself in constructive work like promotion of home-spun cloth khadi, abolition of untouch- ability, Hindu-Muslim unity etc.
- In 1928 Gandhiji began to think of reentering politics. After the failure of Simon Commission in its annual session at Lahore Congress demanded Purna Swaraj and decided to observe 26th January 1930 as Independence Day.
12th March 1930-Dandi Satyagraha, Salt March.
- On 6th April 1930 broke the salt law.
-Across large parks of India peasants breached forest laws, factory workers went on the strike, lawyers boycotted courts and students refused to attend government run educational institutions.
1930- First Round Table conference- Gandhiji did not attend.
1931- Gandhi-Irwin pact, 2nd Round Table Conference- Gandhi attended but it failed. 1935- Government of India Act
1937- Provincial Election, Congress formed ministries in 8 out of 11 provinces.
1939- World War II broke out, Individual Satyagraha.
1940- Two Nation Theory put forward by Jinnah.
1942- Failure of Cripps Mission.
9th August 1942- Quit India Movements by Gandhiji. Gandhiji along with all prominent leaders sent to jail.
1946- Cabinet Mission- Failed to get the Congress and the League to agree on the federal system.
16th August 1946- Direct Action Day and Communal riots in Bengal, Bihar, U.P and Punjab.
1947- Mountbatten was appointed as viceroy.
15th August 1947- Formal transfer of power, announcement of partition and India got her independence.

The last heroic days of Gandhiji:-
- On 15th August 1947 Gandhiji was not at Delhi to witness the festivities. He was at Calcatta and undertook a 24 hour fast.
- Due to initiative of Gandhiji and Nehru Congress passed a resolution on the rights of the minorities.
-After working to bring peace to Bengal Gandhiji shifted to Delhi from where he hoped to move on to the riot-torn districts of Punjab. On 30th January 1948 Gandhiji was shot dead by Nathuram Godse.

Sources to know more about Gandhiji:-
\1. Public voice and private scripts.
2. Series of Personal letters published by Gandhiji in his journal Harijan.
3. A bunch of old letters edited by Nehru.
4. Fortnightly Reports of the Home Department.
5. From newspapers.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS [MCQ]

Question. Read the following statements and arrange the events in chronological sequences
i. Khilafat Movement
ii. Lahore Session of Congress
iii. Arrival Of Simon Commission
iv. Chauri Chaura incident
Options
a. i, ii, iii, iv
b. i, iv, iii, iv
c. Ii, iii, iv, i
d. Iii, iv, ii, i

Answer : B

Question. Gandhiji stressed on which of the following ideology in order to make the Indians worthy of freedom
a. Hindu Muslim harmony
b. Self-reliance
c. Elimination of social evils
d. All of the above

Answer : D

Question. Who among the following gave the command to open fire at the peaceful crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh?
a. General Dyer
b. Michael O’ Dwyer
c. Lord Roberts
d. Sir William Slim

Answer : A

Question. ----------------------- allowed certain political leaders to be jailed without trial.
a. Official secrets Act
b. Rowlat Act
c. Indian Independence Act
d. Indian slavery Act

Answer : B

Question. Where was the first major Public Appearance of Gandhiji in India
a. In Banaras Hindu University
b. In Champarn
c. In Bardoli
d. In Calcutta

Answer : A

Question. What was the main objective of the establishment “Praja Mandals”?
a. To gain political rights for the citizens
b. To promote the nationalist creed in the princely states
c. To revolt against taxation
d. None of the above

Answer : B

Question. In which session of the Congress took the resolution for Purna Swaraj?
a. Madras
b. Bombay
c. Lahore
d. Karachi

Answer : C

Question. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion(A) and the other as Reason (R).
A) The Crips Mission was failed to reach an agreement with Indian leaders
R) The Quit India Movement was started in 1942
a. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R)is the correct explanation of (A)
b. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c. (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct
e. (R) is correct, but (A) is not correct

Answer : A

Question. Which of the event is the part of Civil Disobedience Movement?
a. Champaran Satyagraha
b. Salt Satyagraha
c. Textile workers’ strike in Ahmedabad
d. Rawlat Satyagraha

Answer : B

Question. In which year did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre take place?
a. 1917
b. 1918
c. 1919
d. 1920

Answer : C

v. What was agenda behind the Quit India Movement?
a. British Must Quit the Indian soil
b. Complete Independence for India
c. Demanding United Independent India
d. All the above

Answer : D

Question. After carefully observing the given image, identify the place in which the gathering under Mahatma Gandhi held.
a. Dandi
b. Sabarmati
c. Champaran
d. None of the above

Answer : B

Question : Where did Mahatma Gandhi originally start the Satyagraha movement?
(a) Champaran
(b) South Africa
(c) Banaras
(d) Gujarat

Answer :  B

Question : When did the Jallianwala Bagh incident occur?
(a) April 1909
(b) April 1929
(c) April 1939
(d) April 1919

Answer :  D

Question : Why did Mahatma Gandhi support the Khilafat issue?
(a) To protest against Jallianwala Bagh incident
(b) To protest against Salt law
(c) To unite Hindu-Muslim
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question : Mahatma Gandhi illustrated his tactical wisdom by picking on Salt Monopoly. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct to prove this?
1. State Monopoly over salt was deeply unpopular.
2. People were forbidden from making salt for even domestic use.
3. Salt was not an essential item.
Choose the correct option:
(a) (1) and (2) only
(b) (2) and (3) only
(c) (1), (2) and (3)
(d) (2) only

Answer : A

Question : When did Gandhiji started Dandi March from Sabarmati?
(a) July 15, 1942
(b) March 12, 1930
(c) December 13, 1887
(d) January 1, 1912

Answer :  B

Question : Which of these conferences was held in November, 1930?
(a) First Round Table Conference
(b) Second Round Table Conference
(c) Third Round Table Conference
(d) Fourth Round Table Conference

Answer :  A

Question : Consider the following events
1. Cabinet Mission
2. Cripps Mission
3. Khilafat Movement
4. Pakistan Resolution
The correct chronological order of these events is:
(a) 4, 3, 2, 1
(b) 4, 3, 1, 2
(c) 3, 4, 1, 2
(d) 3, 4, 2, 1

Answer : D

Question : Which of these sources can be used to reconstruct the political career of Gandhiji?
(a) Writings and speeches of Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Government records
(c) Contemporary newspapers
(d) All of the above

Answer :  D

Question : Who was Mahatma Gandhi’s political mentor in India?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(c) Sri Aurobindo
(d) Swami Vivekananda

Answer :  B

Question : A series of non-violence campaigns of the Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by the Indian National Congress under the leadership of ................
(a) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
(b) Sri Aurabindo
(c) Motilal Nehru
(d) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer :  D

Question : An All-India Khilafat Conference was held at _________ on 23 November, 1919, with Gandhi as its president.
(a) Calcutta
(b) Punjab
(c) Gujarat
(d) Delhi

Answer :  D

Question : On Gokhale’s advice, Gandhiji spent a year traveling around British India, getting to know the land and its peoples. In the year 1916, He made His first major public appearance at the opening of the ______ University.
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(b) Calcutta
(c) Banaras Hindu
(d) Delhi

Answer :  C

Question : Which country during the First World War, joined the central powers against Britain?
(a) America
(b) Bangladesh
(c) France
(d) Turkey

Answer :  D

Question : Dandi March brought forward _______.
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Civil Disobedience Movement
(c) Quit India Movement
(d) Rowlatt Satyagraha

Answer :  B

Question : Indicate which of the following options is not correct:
(a) Muslim League demanded Pakistan in 1946.
(b) Gandhiji started Quit India Mission in 1942.
(c) Cripps Mission failed to achieve its objective.
(d) Cabinet Mission arrived in India in 1946.

Answer :  A

Question : Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect regarding the Indian freedom struggle:
(a) Gandhiji withdrew from the non-cooperation movement due to the chauri chaura incident.
(b) Gandhiji gave his first public speech at BHU.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in 1921.
(d) Nehru was the Congress president at the Lahore session.

Answer :  C

Question : Which incident(s) prompted Gandhiji to call off the non-corporation movements?
(a) Chauri Chaura
(b) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
(c) a labor dispute in Ahmedabad
(d) Peasants agitation at Champaran

Answer :  A

Question : According to Gandhi’s service of the poor is the:
(a) service of society
(b) service of humanity
(c) service of God
(d) service of disabled

Answer :  C

Question : Identify the historical event shown in the picture.
(a) Quit India Movement
(b) Dandi March
(c) KhilafatMovement
(d) Non-Cooperation Movement

Answer :  B

Question : Who wrote Mahatma Gandhi’s biography?
(a) C.R.Das
(b) Krishna Pillai
(c) J.M Sengupta
(d) D.G. Tendulkar

Answer :  D

Question : Mahatma Gandhi was not present at the festivities in the capital on 15 August 1947. Identify the correct option for not participating in the Independence Day celebration.
(a) The freedom he had struggled so long for had come at an unacceptable price, with a nation divided and Hindus and Muslims at each other’s throats
(b) He went around hospitals and refugee camps, giving consolation to distressed people.
(c) He had never accepted the “two-nation theory”: forced against its will to accept Partition.
(d) All of the above.

Answer :  D

Question : With whom was Mahatma Gandhi compared to his demise?
(a) Abraham Lincoln
(b) Martin Luther King
(c) George Washington
(d) Karl Marx

Answer :  A

Question : Direct Action Day hartal called by the ______ on August 16, 1946 to get rid of 'British slavery and contemplated future caste-Hindu domination’.
(a) Muslim League
(b) Congress
(c) CSP
(d) CPI

Answer :  A