NCERT Book Class 9 Maths Probability

15.1 Introduction

In everyday life, we come across statements such as

(1) It will probably rain today.

(2) I doubt that he will pass the test.

(3) Most probably, Kavita will stand first in the annual examination.

(4) Chances are high that the prices of diesel will go up.

(5) There is a 50-50 chance of India winning a toss in today’s match.

The words ‘probably’, ‘doubt’, ‘most probably’, ‘chances’, etc., used in the statements above involve an element of uncertainty. For example, in (1), ‘probably
rain’ will mean it may rain or may not rain today. We are predicting rain today based on our past experience when it rained under similar conditions. Similar predictions are also made in other cases listed in (2) to (5).

The uncertainty of ‘probably’ etc can be measured numerically by means of ‘probability’ in many cases. Though probability started with gambling, it has been used extensively in the fields of Physical Sciences, Commerce, Biological Sciences, Medical Sciences, Weather Forecasting, etc.

Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 9 Maths Probability