NCERT Class 11 Home Science Nutrition Health and Hygiene

CONCERNS   AND NEED AND DIVERSE  CONTEXTS A NUTRITION, HEALTH AND HYGIENE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing this section the learner is able to—

• discuss the importance of health and its dimensions.

• understand the interrelationship of nutrition and health.

• identify the consequences of under nutrition and Over nutrition.

• select appropriate and healthy food choices.

• identify the interrelationship between nutrition and disease.

• explain the importance of hygiene and sanitation for preventing food- borne diseases.

10 A.1 INTRODUCTION

Every person wants to live a good quality life and have a sense of well -being. As far back as 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights stated: “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for   the   health  and well-being of oneself and one’s family including food”. Yet, many of the environmental conditions and our own lifestyles affect our health,  Some   times  having harmful effects. At the outset let us define “health”. The world’s   premier  organisation concerned with health, the World Health  Organisation  (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease”. Disease means impairment of body health, alteration/disruption/derangement in function of some part or organ of the body, interrupting normal functions and deviating from a state of complete well-being. Health is a fundamental human right. All persons, irrespective of age, gender, caste, creed/religion, place of stay (urban, rural, tribal) and nationality, throughout their lives, should have the opportunity to achieve and maintain the highest attainable state of health.

10A.2 Health and Its Dimensions

You must have noticed that the definition of health includes various dimensions–social, mental and physical. Let us briefly deal with all three dimensions before we discuss physical health in greater detail.

Social health: It refers to health of individuals and of a society. When we are concerned with society, it refers to a society in which there is equal opportunity and access for all citizens to the goods and services essential for good health. When we refer to individuals, we refer to each person’s well-being – how well the individual gets along with other people and with social institutions. This includes our social skills and the ability to function as a member of the society. When we are faced with problems and stress, social support helps us to cope with them and solve the problems facing us. Social support measures contribute to positive adjustment in children and adults, and encourages personal growth. Emphasis on social health is gaining importance as scientific studies have shown that
persons who are socially well adjusted, tend to live longer and recover faster from disease. A few social determinants of health are:

– Employment status

– Safety in workplaces

– Access to health services

– Cultural/religious beliefs, taboos and value systems

– Socio-economic and environmental conditions

Mental health: This refers to emotional and psychological well-being. An individual who experiences a sense of well-being can utilise his/her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function well in society and meet the ordinary demands of daily life. The box below lists the indicators of mental health.

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