CBSE Class 11 Geography Distribution Of Oceans And Continents Notes

Download CBSE Class 11 Geography Distribution Of Oceans And Continents Notes in PDF format. All Revision notes for Class 11 Geography have been designed as per the latest syllabus and updated chapters given in your textbook for Geography in Class 11. Our teachers have designed these concept notes for the benefit of Class 11 students. You should use these chapter wise notes for revision on daily basis. These study notes can also be used for learning each chapter and its important and difficult topics or revision just before your exams to help you get better scores in upcoming examinations, You can also use Printable notes for Class 11 Geography for faster revision of difficult topics and get higher rank. After reading these notes also refer to MCQ questions for Class 11 Geography given on studiestoday

Revision Notes for Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents

Class 11 Geography students should refer to the following concepts and notes for Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents in Class 11. These exam notes for Class 11 Geography will be very useful for upcoming class tests and examinations and help you to score good marks

Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents Notes Class 11 Geography

DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS AND CONTINENTS

GIST OF THE LESSON: CONTINENTAL DRIFT, EVIDENCES TO SUPPORT CONTINENTAL DRIFT, FORCES OF DRIFTING, POST DRIFT STUDIES, OCEAN FLOOR CONFIGURATION, DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES, CONCEPT OF SEA FLOOR SPREADING, PLATE TECTONICS, MAJOR AND MINOR PLATES, TYPES OF PATE BOUNDARIES RATES OF PLATE MOVEMENT, FORCES OF PLATE MOVEMENT& MOVEMENT OF THE INDIAN PLATE.

CONTINENTAL DRIFT: ABRAHAM ORTELIUS a Duchy map maker 1596 first proposed the possibility of joining the continents such as America with Europe and Africa

ANTONIO PELLEGRINI drew the map showing the three continents together.

ALFRED WEGENER a German meteorologist put forth THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY. According to him,

All continents formed a single continental mass called PANGAEA

All oceans formed a single universal ocean called PANTHALASSA

AROUND 200 mya THE PANGAEA BEGAN TO SPLIT INTO TWO LARGE MASSES CALLED LAURASIA and GONDWANA LAND

By further splitting Laurasia formed northern continents and Gondwana land formed southern continents.

EVIDENCES TO SUPPORT THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT

1. The matching of continents (jig-saw fit)

A. the shorelines of S. America and Africa have remarkable match

B. a map was produced by Bullard in 1964 to show the jigsaw fit of these two continents.

C. it was fit around 1000 fathom line of the shoreline

2. ROCKS OF SAME AGE ACROSS THE OCEANS

A.the belt of ancient rocks of 2000 my from Brazil coast matches with those of Western Africa

B. Marine deposits of South America and Africa belong to Jurassic age.

3.TILLITE

A. sedimentary rock formed out of glacial deposits

B. sediments from India have similar counter parts at different continents of south.

C.tillile indicates prolonged glaciations

D.The same glaciations is found in Africa, Falklands, Madagascar, Antarctica and Australia

E. the glacial tillite indicates that unambiguous evidence of palaeo climates and drifting of continents.

4.PLACER DEPOSITS

a. Formation of placer deposits of gold in Ghana coast has no source rock.

a. The gold bearing veins of rocks are found in Brazil

5.DISTRIBUTION OF FOSSILS

• Identical species of animals and plants are found along the coastal regions of the

different continents.

 lemurs occurs in India , Madagascar and Africa.

 The contiguous land mass was called LEMURIA

 the fossils of mesosaurus were found in only South Africa and Brazil.

class_11_Geogeaphy_concept_23

 class_11_Geogeaphy_concept_24

class_11_Geogeaphy_concept_25

 

FORCES FOR DRIFTING THE CONTINENTS

1. Wegner suggested that the movement responsible for the drifting of the continents was caused by

A. POLAR FLEEING FORCE                   B. TIDAL FORCE

Possible driving forces for plate tectonics:

2. bottom lithosphere tractions by convection currents.

3. trench pull (covered earlier).

4. ridge push (sliding off a high, crust in compression).

5. trench suck (rollback).

6. global expanding or contracting forces.

7. membrane forces on spinning ellipsoid (e.g. variants of polar fleeing forces).

TIDAL FORCE

Wegener suggested that these two forces are responsible for the movement of plates.

class_11_Geogeaphy_concept_26

Most of the scholars consider that these forces are not sufficient to move the plates.

POST DRIFT STUDIES

Information collected from the ocean mapping is more useful to study the continental drift

Convectional current theory

class_11_Geogeaphy_concept_27

It was proposed by ARTHUR HOLMES IN 1930 Due to difference in the temperature currents are formed due to disintegration of radioactive materials inside the earth. These currents are found entire mantle portion 

""Class 11 Geography Distribution_Of_Oceans_And_Continents

MAPPING OCEAN FLOOR
1. Existence of ridges and deep trenches nearby continental margins
2. Mid oceanic ridge is the most active for volcanic eruptions
3. The ocean floor is much younger than the continents
4. Rocks of equal distance of the ridge have similar chemical composition and age

""Class 11 Geography Distribution_Of_Oceans_And_Continents_1

The ocean floor is segmented into three major divisions
Based on depth and configuration
1. Continental margins
a. Form transitional zone between continental shore and deep sea basins
b. They include continental slope , shelf, continental rise and deep oceanic trenches

ABYSSAL PLAINS
1. EXTENSIVE PLAINS
2.FOUND BETWEEN CONTINENTAL MARIGN AND MID OCEANIC RIDGE
3.CONTINENTAL SEDIMENTS GET DEPOSITED

""Class 11 Geography Distribution_Of_Oceans_And_Continents_2

 

III TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES
1. Crust is neither produced nor destroyed
2. Plates slide horizontally
3. Perpendicular to the mid oceanic ridges
4. Differential movement of a plate at the same time
5. Rotation of the earth has its effect on this movement

RATES OF PLATE MOVEMENT
1. The strips of normal and reverse magnetic field helped the scientists to study the rate of plate movement
2. Arctic ridge has the slowest rate less than 2.5 cm /year east pacific rise has more than 3. 15 cm/year

FORCES OF THE PLATE MOVEMENT
1. Surface of the earth is dynamic
2. Interior is always mobile
3. Beneath the lithosphere there is always movement of magma horizontally
4. Heated material rises to the top and cooled material sinks down
5. This cycle is repeated over the time and form convection cells

SOURCES OF HEAT
A. Residual heat b. Radioactive decay
6. It was first considered by Arthur Holmes in 1930
7. Later it also influenced Harry Hess

MOVEMENT OF INDIAN PLATE
1. Indian plate includes India and Australia
2. Northern boundary is along the Himalayas
3. It is the place of continental convergence
4. In the east it extends up to Rakinyoma mountains of Myanmar
5. Eastern margin is spreading site
6. Western margin extends along Kirthar mountains, Makran coast red sea rift .
7. The boundary between India and Antarctica is called divergent boundary
8. Till 225 m y a India was separated by Tethys sea
9. About 200 m y a India started its journey towards north
10. India collided with Asia about 40-50 m y a and caused the upliftment of Himalayas
11. About 140 m y a the position of Indian plate is at 50°s latitude
12. During the movement of Indian plate two events occurred in India
13. A. out pouring of lava and formation of Deccan plateau
B. Subsidence of west coast
14. The Himalayas started rising about 40 m y a

DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES

""Class 11 Geography Distribution_Of_Oceans_And_Continents_8

1. all volcanoes and earthquakes are paralle to the coast
2. this line also coinsides with mid- atalantic ridge
3. alpine hymalayan system
4. around the pacific ocean it is called ring of fire

Mid oceanic ridges
1. Interconnected mountain system within the ocean
2. Longest mountain chain in the ocean floor
3. Consist of central rift system at the crust
4. Intense volcanic activity is found

CONCEPT OF SEA FLOOR SPREADING
1. it was proposed by Hess in 1961
2. he believed that new lava pushes out the plates from the mid oceanic ridge
3. palaeo magnetic studies of the ocean floor reveals that
A. along the mid oceanic ridge there is intense volcanic eruption
B. huge amount of lava comes out along the mid atlanticn ridges
C. the equidistant rock formations have similar age and chemical compositions & magnetic properties
7. rocks closer to the mid oceanic ridges are young and normal polarity
8. The age of rocks increases as the distance increases from the mid oceanic ridge
9. Oceanic crust is much younger( 200my) than continental crust (3200my)
10. The sediments of ocean floor is very thisn
11. earth quakes are common along the deep sea trenches Positions of continents through geological past

PLATE TECTONICS
1. The theory of plate tectonics was introduced by McKenzie, parker and Morgan in 1967
2. A tectonic plate is also called as lithosphere plate
3. It is a massive irregularly shaped slab of solid rock
4. Consists of oceanic and continental sphere
5. Plates move horizontally over the Asthenosphere
6. Average thickness is 100 km of oceanic part and 200 km continental part
7. It may be oceanic or continental
8. Pacific plate is largest oceanic plate where as Eurasian plate is the largest continental plate

MAJOR PLATES OF THE EARTH CRUST

""Class 11 Geography Distribution_Of_Oceans_And_Continents_7

MAJOR PLATES
1. Antarctica And Surrounding Oceanic Plate
2. North American Plate 
3. South American Plate Pacific Plate India-Australia-New Zealand PLATE 
4. African Plate Eurasian Plate

MINOR PLATES
1. Cocos Plate 2. Nazca Plate 3. Arabian Plate 4. Philippine Plate 5. Caroline Plate 6 .Fuji Plate
These plates are moving constantly throughout geological time not the continent believed by Wegener Pangaea was the convergent of all the plates
Position of Indian subcontinent is traced with the help of rocks analyzed from Nagpur area

""Class 11 Geography Distribution_Of_Oceans_And_Continents_5

TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES
I. DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES
1. New crust is generated 2. plates move away from each other
2. These are called spreading sites 3. Ex. Mid Atlantic ridge

II.CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
1. Crust is destroyed 2. sinking of plate is called „subduction zone‟
3. There are three ways in which subduction occurs
i. Ocean and continent ii. Ocean and ocean iii. continent and continent plates

""Class 11 Geography Distribution_Of_Oceans_And_Continents_4

""Class 11 Geography Distribution_Of_Oceans_And_Continents_3

Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 02 The Origin and Evolution of the Earth
CBSE Class 11 Geography The Origin And Evolution Of The Earth Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 03 Interior of the Earth
CBSE Class 11 Geography Interior Of The Earth Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 04 Distribution of Oceans and Continents
CBSE Class 11 Geography Distribution Of Oceans And Continents Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 05 Minerals and Rocks
CBSE Class 11 Geography Minerals And Rocks Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 06 Geomorphic Processes
CBSE Class 11 Geography Geomorphic Process Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 07 Landforms and their Evolution
CBSE Class 11 Geography Landforms And Their Evolution Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 08 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
CBSE Class 11 Geography Composition And Structure Of The Atmosphere Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 09 Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature
CBSE Class 11 Geography Solar Radiation Heat Balance And Temperature Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 10 Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
CBSE Class 11 Geography Atmospheric Circulation And Weather System Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 11 Water in the Atmosphere
CBSE Class 11 Geography Water In The Atmosphere Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 12 World Climate and Climate Change
CBSE Class 11 Geography World Climate And Climate Change Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 13 Water (Oceans)
CBSE Class 11 Geography Water Oceans Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 14 Movements of Ocean Water
CBSE Class 11 Geography Movements Of Ocean Water Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 15 Life on the Earth
CBSE Class 11 Geography Life On Earth Notes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 16 Biodiversity and Conservation
CBSE Class 11 Geography Biodiversity And Conservation Notes
India Physical Environment Chapter 01 India Location
CBSE Class 11 Geography India Location Notes
India Physical Environment Chapter 02 Structure and Physiography
CBSE Class 11 Geography Structure And Physiography Notes
India Physical Environment Chapter 03 Drainage System
CBSE Class 11 Geography Drainage System Notes
India Physical Environment Chapter 04 Climate
CBSE Class 11 Geography Climate Vegetation And Soil Notes
India Physical Environment Chapter 05 Natural Vegetation
CBSE Class 11 Geography Natural Vegetation Notes
India Physical Environment Chapter 06 Soils
CBSE Class 11 Geography Soils Notes
India Physical Environment Chapter 07 Natural Hazards and Disasters
CBSE Class 11 Geography Natural Hazards And Disasters Notes

CBSE Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents Notes

We hope you liked the above notes for topic Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents which has been designed as per the latest syllabus for Class 11 Geography released by CBSE. Students of Class 11 should download and practice the above notes for Class 11 Geography regularly. All revision notes have been designed for Geography by referring to the most important topics which the students should learn to get better marks in examinations. Our team of expert teachers have referred to the NCERT book for Class 11 Geography to design the Geography Class 11 notes. After reading the notes which have been developed as per the latest books also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Geography provided by our teachers. We have also provided a lot of MCQ questions for Class 11 Geography in the notes so that you can learn the concepts and also solve questions relating to the topics. We have also provided a lot of Worksheets for Class 11 Geography which you can use to further make yourself stronger in Geography.

Where can I download latest CBSE Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents notes

You can download notes for Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents for latest academic session from StudiesToday.com

Are the revision notes available for Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents Class 11 Geography for the latest CBSE academic session

Yes, the notes issued for Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents have been made available here for latest CBSE session

Is there any charge for the Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents notes

There is no charge for the notes for CBSE Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents, you can download everything free of charge

Which is the best online platform to find notes for Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents Class 11 Geography

www.studiestoday.com is the best website from which you can download latest notes for Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents Geography Class 11

Where can I find topic-wise notes for Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents

Come to StudiesToday.com to get best quality topic wise notes for Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of Oceans and Continents